[A research into the possibility of biological control over technophilic microorganisms using KSAP-U, a military device for biological reconnaissance].

The paper is dedicated to the detection of technophilic microorganisms, able to affect fuels, lubricants, and construction materials. The study demonstrated that indicator paper used in KSAP-U, a biological reconnaissance device, was able to detect technophilic test microorganisms in samples of rubber, turbonit, and the water phase of the "fuel-medium" system even when the degree of material affection was minimal. The authors suggest the practical application of these means for the express indication of technophilic microorganisms in technical objects.

[The development of peroxosolvate-based composites and the evaluation of their effectiveness against extremely dangerous infective pathogens].

The article contains the results of the test of PFK-M composition bactericidal activity against a range of extremely dangerous infective pathogens. The preparation proved to be highly effective for the disinfection of surfaces, sanitary and technical equipment, linen, dishes, and medical utensils contaminated by plague, cholera, and anthrax pathogens. The study found that the antimicrobial activity of the preparation increased after heating and lowered when the object to be disinfected was contaminated with protein admixtures. According to the results of the disinfectological expertise, the preparation was recommended for practical application.

[A research into the possibility of the application of new peroxosolvate-based compounds as chemical disinfectants].

A newly synthesized peroxosolvate, ammonium sulphate peroxosolvate, can be used in disinfectology and other areas along with other hard forms of hydrogen. Optimal conditions for ammonium sulphate peroxosolvate synthesis were determined by this study. It was established that (NH4)2SO4 . H2O2 stabilized with carboxylic acids did not lose active oxygen when stored in dry atmosphere. The sporocidal activity of the compound against the suspension of B. cereus var. anthracoides 250 was studied. The results demonstrate that thanks to the high decontaminating activity of the solvate its solutions can be used to produce disinfecting preparations.

[The relationship between the conditions of cultivation and sporification of various Bacillus strains and the results of the evaluation of the sporocidal activity of chemical desinfectants].

The researchers compared the main microbiological characteristics of some Bacillus antracoides strains after their cultivation in different nutrient media. The study found that the growth and sporification rate, R-S dissociation ability, and sensitivity to disinfectants are strain properties and significantly depend on the composition of the nutrient medium.

[An unusual type of the chromatography profile of blood serum carbohydrates in the diagnosis of deep mycosis by gas and liquid chromatography]. / Neobychnyi tip khromatograficheskogo profilia uglevodov syvorotki krovi pri diagnostike glubokikh mikozov metodom gazozhidkostnoi khromatografii.

The paper contains a description of a diagnosis method (now under elaboration) applicable to human mycosis, which is based on a high-sensitivity gas-liquid chromatography. According to the study results, despite its promising nature, the method in question is not accurate enough in terms of a precise diagnosis of invasive candidosis in oncology patients. The authors point out that the chromatography-diagnosis results need now a histological confirmation.

[Chemicals for disinfection and decontamination used and being designed for eliminating the aftermaths of biological contamination]. / Khimicheskie sredstva dezinfektsii i dekontaminatsii, primeniaemye i razrabatyvaemye dlia likvidatsii posledstvii biologicheskogo zarazheniia.

The efficiency of the key classes of disinfecting and decontaminating chemicals, used to eliminate a biological contamination of the human habitat, was analyzed in the paper. It is underlined that, should any biological agents with unknown properties (biological terror, military threat) be detected, it is advisable to choose the ecologically less hazardous disinfectants based on hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes and chlorine-containing compounds.

[Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the virulent properties of anthrax pathogen spores]. / Otsenka vliianiia peroksida vodoroda na virulentnye svoistva spor vozbuditelia sibirskoi iazvy.

The impact exerted by hydrogen peroxide on the virulent properties of anthrax pathogen spores was experimentally evaluated. Even a short-term exposure of them to a disinfect was shown to cause impairments of the functional nature in the spores' vital structures, e.g. suppression of multiplication. At the same time, the biological monitoring of disinfection efficiency does not always rule out the presence of viable pathogen spores in the disinfected objects.

[The sporicidal activity of disinfectants based on hydrogen peroxide]. / Sporotsidnaia aktivnost' dezinfitsiruiushchikh sredstv na osnove peroksida vodoroda.

The authors analyzed the experience of disinfection experts related with the designing of new disinfection chemicals and of their composition variations. The key regularities were defined, which are important for the designing of effective disinfectants with preset properties capable of rapidly and safely inactivating a microbe contamination of different objects in the human habitat. A high antimicrobial activity and good outlooks are demonstrated for disinfectants made on the basis of hydrogen peroxide.

[Use of new individual protection substances in Mel'tser boxes]. / Ispol'zovanie novykh sredstv individual'noi zashchity v mel'tserovskikh boksakh.

Described in the paper are the results of research, experiments and designing of individual protection means for medical personnel attending the patients with extra dangerous infections under the conditions of Meltzer boxes. The authors elaborated pressure suits that can protect the medical personnel from being infected by microbe aerosols. The testing of the mentioned protection suits in infection hospitals of Moscow, Elista, Rostov-on-Don and of other cities was positively assessed.

[The isolation of patients with highly contagious diseases]. / Sredstva izoliatsii bol'nykh s visokokontagioznymi zabolevaniiami.

The paper deals with the issue of how to prevent the spread (in the environment) of pathogens of extra dangerous infections, whose source could be a patients (not isolated in Meltzer box) with a highly contagious disease. Autonomous filtering stretchers of a special design are suggested for the transportation of patients; the design is sufficient to protect the habitat and medical personnel against being contaminated with related microbes and does not affect the physiological-and-hygienic indices of an isolated patient.

[Maintenance of cold chain for the delivery of immunobiological drugs by the indicators of heating and freezing controls]. / Obespechenie "kholodovoi tsepi" dostavki immunobiologicheskikh preparatov indikatorami kontrolia nagreva i zamorazhivaniia.

The paper deals with an objective evaluation of a qualitative storage of immunobiological drugs including all stages of "cold chain". The results of technological research and of designing related with constructing a system of indicators for monitoring the temperature regime to maintain the "cold chain" functioning are presented. The suggested devices are comparatively described.

[Problems of disinfection and decontamination in the biological protection and prevention of contagious diseases]. / Problemy dezinfektsii i dekontaminatsii v sisteme biologicheskoi zashchity i profilaktiki infektsionnykh zabolevanii.

The problems of biological protection of the general population and military staff against biological hazard sources, primarily against biological terrorism and military threat underlie works on the design of new disinfectants having a universal spectrum of antimicrobial action and less ecological hazard than currently available ones. Elimination of biological hazard require effective chemical disinfectants that can completely inactivate microbes of unknown etiology as rapidly as possible and that cause the minimum damage to environmental objects. The disinfectant PFK of various modifications is evaluated in terms of the requirements of that ecological and chemical concept aimed at testing chemicals entering the environment.

[Preparation and use of chemical disinfectants in biological protection and prevention of contagious diseases : ecological aspects]. / Ekologicheskie aspekty polucheniia i primeneniia khimicheskikh sredstv dezinfektsii v sisteme biologicheskoi zashchity i profilaktiki infektsionnykh zabolevanii.

Ecological requirements to reduce negative effects of chemical disinfectants were one on major determinants the line of works to develop and introduce novel compounds that are environmentally safe hydrogen peroxide derivatives. The paper analyzes the possible routes of entering different fluorine compounds into the environment when disinfecting measures are made at therapeutical-and-preventive institutions, when emergencies occur at microbiological synthesis plants. The maximum concentration of a chemical that has no effect on biochemical processes when it is continuously used at sewage works is chosen as a safe (permissible) level. Preliminary calculations show that the use of PFK for disinfection will not pollute the environment with fluorides.

[The group identification of the causative agents of infectious diseases in environmental objects]. / Gruppovaia identifikatsiia vozbuditelei infektsionnykh zabolevanii v ob''ektakh okruzhaiushchei sredy.

Drop colorimetric reactions were studied for group identification of microorganisms referring to as viral rickettsial bacterial vegetative and bacterial sporal taxonomic groups. For their determination, the authors proposed a number of well-known reactions for preliminary detection of microorganisms if there was protein or protein components in a sample, as well as a series of reactions characteristic of some groups of microorganisms and their vital activity. The list was proposed to include not only tests for dehydrogenase and peroxidase activities and for inorganic phosphates, but also those for the ability of suspension production, etc, which were specific signs of the presence and vital ability of microorganisms. Drop reactions were made with eight indicator papers and a set of reagents used for control of the reactions, and with a set of wetting solutions for liquid-phase reactions. A set of reagents and accessories provided the identification of 40 samples of microorganisms, the analysis of one unknown sample took less than an hour. The authors developed an algorithm for the sequence of tests depending on the combination of positive and negative effects of indicator means, namely an algorithm for relating microorganisms to the above taxonomic groups.

[The development of a technology for producing a new disinfecting agent with a universal spectrum of antimicrobial action]. / Razrabotka tekhnologii polucheniia novogo dezinfektsionnogo sredstva s univeral'nym spektrom antimikrobnogo deistviia.

The paper summarizes the findings of the physicochemical and potency of potassium fluoride peroxohydrate (PFP-1), a new Russian disinfecting agent having a universal spectrum of antimicrobial effects. It also summarizes the results of long-term practical use for the routine and final disinfection of rooms, sanitary engineering equipment, glassware, medical instruments against both sanitary indicative microorganisms, and actual pathogens of disease in infective and somatic hospitals, tuberculous dispensaries, sanatoria, schools, kindergartens, military hospitals, maternity houses of Russian different cities, towns, and localities. The paper presents comparative data on the mechanism of action of various modifications of PFP on microbial spores, on the stability of agents and their solutions during storage, on the damaging activity on the materials of the processed objects, on toxicological and ecological risks. The results of comparative studies of the bactericidal and sporicidal activities of the modifications PFP-1, PFP-2, PFP-3 confirmed that it is necessary to develop a procedure for preparing modifications containing high levels of hydrogen peroxide in the dry preparation and that they can be obtained at the pilot unit developed to prepare PFP-1 modifications.

[The system of hemostasis in experimental liver transplantation]. / Sistema gemostaza transplantatsii pecheni v eksperimente.

The status of haemostatic factors in 28 pigs after orthotopic liver transplantation was evaluated. The major changes took place in fibrinolytic system during the "non-liver" stage: rapid increase of fibrinolytic activity, plasmin activity, plasmin activator activity. From the moment of blood supply restoration to a transplanted liver the tendency to normalisation of fibrinolysis was detected. The deficiency of plasma haemostatic factors and platelets has increased during all the follow-up period and should be corrected in time. The following principles of corrective therapy are formulated: inhibition of fibrinolysis, correction of antithrombin-3 and blood clotting factors. Correction of haemostasis should be done in "pre-non-liver" period and later in "non-liver" reperfusion periods.

[Role of endoscopy in diagnosing rare sources of small intestinal bleedings due to vascular disorders]. / Znachenie éndoskopii v diagnostike redkikh istochnikov tonkokishechnykh krovotechenii, obuslovlennykh sosudistymi porazheniiami.

The authors describe two cases of intraoperative endoscopic diagnosis of hemangioma and vasculitis of the small intestine. The examination was conducted during laparotomy by colonoileoscopy and enterotomy. The authors believe this method to be most effective in emergency surgery when the operation cannot be postponed because of the patient's severe condition caused by hemorrhagic shock.

[Use of personal protective equipment by pathologists and legal physicians working with particularly dangerous infectious diseases]. / Primenenie sredstv individual'noi zashchity patologoanatomami i sudebnymi ékspertami pri rabote s osobo opasnymi infektsiami.

The possibility of pneumosuit use constructed in the Institute to protect the pathology department staff at the hospitals for infectious diseases from HIV virus was studied. The suit is a hose-type suit for protection of respiratory organs and skin using the ventilated underhood space and autonomic air supply. Both the detailed description of this suit and its disinfection scheme developed and tested by authors are presented. The comparative physio-hygienic assessment of pneumosuit and standard antiplaque suit demonstrated a number of advantages of the former during 2 hours work at pathology department. The authors recommend the pneumosuit as an equipment for the protection of skin and respiratory organs of pathologists and legal physicians working with particularly dangerous infections.