Incidence of major cardiovascular events at 1, 2, and 5 years and mortality in incident patients on peritoneal dialysis regarding their nutritional status by bioimpedanciometry: A multicenter study in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: The nutritional status of incident patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been associated with survival outcomes. Bioimpedanciometry (BCM) enables to establish a nutritional diagnosis, the volume status, and correlates these findings with survival. METHODS: This study used a retrospective multicenter historical cohort. RESULTS: In this study, which included 420 incident patients on peritoneal dialysis with a 5-year follow-up, a cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of 28.8% was found, being higher in the diabetic population at 36.8%. In regard to the nutritional status in this population, it was found that approximately 44% had altered nutritional status; 34% were found to be in sarcopenia; 6.7% sarcopenic obesity; and 2.8% in obesity (p < 0.001). In the survival analysis, a lower probability of survival was found in patients with overhydration (OH) greater than 3 L (p < 0.001) and in patients with altered nutritional status due to sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and obesity (p 0.016). According to survival in the subgroup of the diabetic population, a lower probability of survival was found in this group of patients (p: 0.011). The overall mortality of the study population was 18%, being higher in the first 2 years, with the most important causes of mortality being cardiovascular. Of the deceased population, 51% were diabetic patients (p: 0.012). CONCLUSION: In incident patients on peritoneal dialysis, sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia, overhydration status determined by BCM, and having a diagnosis of diabetes are related to a lower probability of survival; MACE outcomes are more frequent in the diabetic population.

Epidemiology and geo-referencing of the dengue fever in a hospital of second level in Colombia, 2010-2014.

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is a priority problem for public health in Colombia. The Department of Tolima and the municipality of El Espinal bring a considerable proportion of the cases to national statistics, becoming a representative area for studying the behavior of this pathology. OBJECTIVE: Determine the epidemiological behavior and the geographic distribution of dengue fever cases treated in the San Rafael Hospital in the municipality of the El Espinal, from 2010 to 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following is a retrospective cross-sectional case report study of the population with dengue fever treated in San Rafael Hospital. We analyzed data from the mandatory clinical reports of the SIVIGILA (National public health surveillance system, in Spanish) using Excel, EpiInfo and EpiMap were analyzed. The epidemiological analysis encompassed morbidity, mortality, fatality, endemicity and cartograms of georeferencing, among others. RESULTS: The totality of cases was 3264, with an incidence of 5.84 per 1000 inhabitants, mortality of 0.12 cases per 10,000 inhabitants, and lethality of 0.11 per 100 diagnosed cases. 71.6% of the patients were between 1 and 24 years, 53.8% were male and 46.2% female. The endemic behaviour was bimodal, Max in epidemiological periods 3-4 and 12-13. The distribution geographic of cases spanned the whole of the municipality and is related apparently with the population density in an area defined. CONCLUSIONS: The results found are above local, national and international parameters on incidence, mortality, and case-fatality. Through the analysis of endemic behavior and geographic distribution, times and specific areas are provided to optimize public health measures.

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes de medicina que ingresan a una Universidad Colombiana / Cardiovascular risk factors in medical students entering a Colombian university

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en muchos países. Empero, en poblaciones seleccionadas, existen escasos estudios, tal como son los estudiantes de medicina. Objetivo: Evaluar variables físicas, fisiológicas, comportamentales y bioquímicas en estudiantes medicina de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Risaralda, Colombia, 2012-2013. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con una población de 91 estudiantes pertenecientes al primer semestre, con la presentación de los análisis basales (transversales), donde se miden: índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia abdominal (CA), Presión arterial (PAS/PAD), VO Indirecto (test de Leger); actividad física (IPAQ corto), glicemia y perfil lipídico 2 (ATPIII). Resultados: Se analizaron basalmente 91 estudiantes. Edad promedio 18,86 años (±3,13); 52,7% masculino. Actividad vigorosa: 30,8% (58,2% <1 día/semana; 58,2% <10 minutos/vez). Tiempo sentado: mediana 600 minutos (10 horas)/día, (RIQ 480-900). IMC promedio 22,65±3,6 Kg/m2 (20,9% sobrepeso/obesidad). CA promedio 77,22±9,42 cm (81,3±9,3 hombres, 17,10% >90 cm; 73,1±7,6 mujeres, 15%>80 cm). LDL promedio 109,4±28,1 mg/dl (60,9% con valores no óptimos >/=100). Colesterol-total promedio 174,1±33,5 mg/dl (25,8% con >/=200). VO promedio 41,31±6,3 (37,8% de mujeres en sedentarismo/borderline/intolerancia; 12,8% en 2 hombres). PAS promedio 115,4±10,9 mmHg (59,3% en rango Pre-HTA/HTA; ≥120); PAD promedio 75,7±9,8mmHg (40,7% en rango de Pre-HTA/HTA;≥80) y 13,6% en rango de HTA E1. Conclusiones: Se observa preocupantes frecuencias basales de factores de riesgo cardiovascular al ingreso de la carrera sobre las cuales debe intervenirse y valorarse en el tiempo, durante los planteados 6 años de seguimiento.