ABSTRACT
This study was planned to compare the efficacy of ceftriaxone+vancomycin with ceftriaxone+rifampicin in a rabbit model of penicillin and cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal inoculation of S. pneumoniae. After 18 h of incubation, Group 1 was given saline solution (control group), whilst Groups 2 and 3 were given ceftriaxone+vancomycin and ceftriaxone+rifampicin, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid bacterial concentrations were measured at 0, 2, 12, 14 and 24 h after therapy was initiated. In the control group, bacterial growth was present at all time points, whereas no growth was observed in either the ceftriaxone+vancomycin group or the ceftriaxone+rifampicin group after 2 h of therapy. Ceftriaxone+rifampicin was found to be as effective as ceftriaxone+vancomycin in the treatment of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae meningitis in experimental rabbit model.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Ceftriaxone/administration & dosage , Ceftriaxone/pharmacology , Cephalosporin Resistance , Cerebrospinal Fluid/microbiology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Drug Therapy, Combination , Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology , Penicillin Resistance , Rabbits , Rifampin/administration & dosage , Rifampin/pharmacology , Vancomycin/administration & dosage , Vancomycin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in response to platelet-activating factor (PAF) induction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. METHODS: Subjects were grouped into three subgroups. The mean age was 37 +/- 10 years. Group A (n = 15), group B (n = 10) and group C (n = 9) subjects were HBV serology-negative, had natural immunity after recovery from an acute HBV infection, and were chronic HBV carriers, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with group A, PBMCs from naturally immune subjects and chronic HBV carriers produced significantly higher amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in response to PAF. In chronic HBV carriers, TNF-alpha (1,633.3 +/- 793.7) and IL-6 (2,533.3 +/- 466.3) production was statistically lower than TNF-alpha (2,630.0 +/- 727.3) and IL-6 (3,870.0 +/- 728.4) obtained from naturally immune subjects to HBV. CONCLUSION: Differences of TNF-alpha levels between chronic HBV carriers and naturally immune subjects suggest that TNF-alpha may be a critical mediator of HBV clearance.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology , Hepatitis B, Chronic/metabolism , Interleukin-6/biosynthesis , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism , Platelet Activating Factor/physiology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis , Adult , Carrier State/immunology , Carrier State/metabolism , Cell Culture Techniques , Female , Humans , Immunity, Innate/physiology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is mostly associated with malignant and infectious diseases. The causes and prognosis of this clinical syndrome depend on the underlying disease. And also treatment of this disease must be arranged according to the underlying causes. While non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) associated with HPS has been frequently observed, anaplastic T-cell NHL associated with HPS has been rarely reported. In this article we report a case of Ki-1+ anaplastic T-cell lymphoma associated with HPS in a 16-year-old woman who presented with fever and lymphadenopathy.
