[Assessing lead cancerogenic effects affecting printing house workers]. / Otsenka kantserogennosti svintsa u rabotnikov tipografii.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of risk of occupational cancer among compositors exposed to inorganic lead. A total of 216 men and 423 women were included in the cohort and followed up from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 1993. There were 2759 person-years among males and 6050 person-years among females. Among men, employed as compositors, there was a significantly elevated mortality from pancreas cancer. We have found two deaths from kidney cancer occurred exclusively among women-compositors with exposure 20 years or more yielding significantly increased SMR of 10.0.

[Chloroprene as possible industrial carcinogen]. / Khloropren kak vozmozhnyi kantserogen na proizvodstve.

The authors conducted 2 independent cohort studies on epidemiology of malignancies among workers contacting chloroprene. The first study covered morbidity and mortality with malignancies among workers engaged into polychloroprene resins production in Erevan; the second study--mortality with malignancies among Moscow shoe makers who contacted polychloroprene glues and latex. The findings are reliably higher risk of morbidity and mortality with hepatic cancer, dose--effect dependence between chloroprene exposure and occurrence of and mortality with hepatic cancer.

[Epidemiology of occupational neoplasms in the printing industry]. / Epidemiologiia professional'nogo raka v poligraficheskoi promyshlennosti.

The paper presents the findings of the first Russian study of possible cancer risks in printing workers. For the first time, the historical cohort study included women. The cohort comprised 1,553 males and 3,473 females who were followed up for 15 years (01/01/79-12/31/93). A significant increase in the rates of death from pancreatic cancer was registered among males employed as compositors exposed to inorganic lead dust and vapors. Raised mortality from malignancies of the stomach urinary bladder, skin melanoma and mesothelioma was identified in females exposed to a PAU-containing oil paint aerosol and paper dust. Significant death risks from esophageal and ovarian malignancies due to exposure to glue vapors and paper dust were observed in bookbinders.

[Work and health status of workers of shoe manufacturing industries]. / Trud i sostoianie zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh na obuvnykh proizvodstvakh.

According to work conditions, severity and intensity, the main shoe-making occupations are assigned to III class of I-II jeopardy grade. If new technology applied, the work is assigned to I-II jeopardy class, being optimal--allowable. Increased mortality with liver cancer and lympholeucosis was revealed among workers contacting chloroprene.

[Exposure to chloroprene as an occupational hazard (a cohort epidemiologic study)]. / K voprosu o kantserogennoi opasnosti khloroprena v usloviiakh proizvodstva (kogortnoe èpidemiologicheskie issledovaniie.

A cancer epidemiological study was conducted in chloroprene workers in Yerevan. In a cohort of male workers, the total morbidity rates for all tumor patterns were significantly lower (32%) than expected, which was attributed to the effect of "the healthy worker". Risk for hepatic tumor was 3.83 times the expected level among male operators of the chloroprene production equipment. A direct "dose-effective" correlation was established between liver cancer risk and length of record for occupational exposure to chloroprene. The highest risk was among males who came into contact with the substance under the age of 30.

[New aspects of carcinogenic hazards in shoe industry (a retrospective epidemiological study)]. / Novye aspekty kantserogennoi opasnosti v obuvnykh proizvodstvakh (retrospektivnoe épidemiologicheskoe issledovanie).

Epidemiologic study of occupational cancer covered a cohort of shoe production workers exposed to chloroprene. The cohort consists of 5058 examinees having length of service over 2 years and subjected to follow-up for 15 years. The total person-years equaled 75,000. The examinees demonstrated higher mortality with liver cancer, leukoses, pancreatic carcinoma, malignancies of central nervous system, renal cancer. The study first revealed unusual but significant risk of mortality with malignancies of mediastinum and heart (ICD-12 code is 164). The study defined a "dose-effect" correlation between exposure to chloroprene and death with liver cancer.

[Occupation and breast cancer in women]. / Professiia i rak molochnoi zhelezy u zhenshchin.

Breast cancer mortality was studied in 35 occupational groups of female pensioners from 32 urban areas of the former Soviet Union. The 35 groups included nine predominantly professional or office-work groups and 26 groups of labour. Breast cancer mortality was significantly increased among the retired women who had been usually employed in white- collar jobs. Blue-collar jobs that also demonstrated excess breast cancer mortality included food industry workers, railroad workers, urban transport employees, sales women, and waitresses. The highest breast cancer mortality was observed among physicians who had 7-fold rates than among stokers who had the lowest breast cancer. The associations are thought to be due to their lifestyle and sexual and reproductive patterns connected with the socioeconomical status.

[Morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in the population of a Moscow district]. / Zabolevaemost' zlokachestvennymi opukholiami i smertnost' ot nikh v gruppe zhitelei odnogo iz mikroraionov Moskvy.

An epidemiologic study of malignant tumors was carried out in a cohort of population of a district in Moscow. The district is situated on the leeward side of a cluster of factories which discharge 270 cu tons of pollutants per year. Nine of the eleven apartment houses under study were put up in the 60-70 ies when the factories were in operation. The cohort included 1,095 males and females who had lived in that district at least 5 years until the start of the investigation. The tumor morbidity and mortality in this cohort were evaluated for the period of 1988-1992. Morbidity of virtually all known tumors and mortality proved to be in excess of all expectations. However, significant differences between the actual and expected levels were obtained in the total number of tumors, in females, only (actual number-24; expected number-13.76), and for breast tumors (7 and 2.82, respectively).

[Preliminaries to a study of epidemiology of occupational cancer among workers of shoe factories]. / Predposylki k izucheniiu épidemiologii professional'nogo raka sredi rabotaiushchikh v obuvnykh proizvodstvakh.

Data presented in literature proves frequent malignancies of various localizations in workers engaged into footwear production, which could result from exposure to leather, rubber dust and some chemicals (polyvinylchloride, chloroprene and others). Hygienic studies of air at footwear production demonstrate that the workers at their workplaces are exposed to such occupational hazards as dust, chemicals. Epidemiologic research to reveal possible correlation between work conditions and the workers' health are expedient.

[Occupational bladder tumors among persons subjected to carcinogenic amino compound exposure: the epidemiology and prevention]. / Professional'nye opukholi mochevogo puzyria sredi lits, podvergavshikhsia vozdeistviiu kantserogennykh aminosoedinenii: épidemiologiia i profilaktika.

The epidemiology of bladder tumors was examined among the subjects exposed to cancerogenic amino compounds such as beta-naphthylamine and benzidine (Group 1). The workers from other chemical shops of the plant were enrolled as a control group (Group 2); those from service shops (Group 3) and white-collar ones (Group 4) were also included. A total examined group comprised 4,624 subjects followed up in 1975-1979. The age- and sex-adjusted bladder tumor morbidity rates in males were 48.3, 11.0, 6.9 in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (the normal rate, 5.6 per 100,000), while the respective figures in females were 75.0 and 18.2 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (the normal rate, 1.1 per 100,000). No bladder cancer was recorded among the male workers from service shops and female service and white-collar workers (the expected rate was less than 1). Calculating the bladder cancer morbidity rates by the common standard indices indicated that there was no excess of the rates typical of the disease for males as compared to females, which is generally observed on exposure to potent cancerogenic substances. There was an increase in the latent period of urinary bladder cancer progression from 13.0 to 18.6 in males and to 20.4 in females who had been exposed to benzidine, as compared to the 1950s and 1960s. The mean latent period was 24.2 years in females and 21.5 in males who had been exposed to beta-naphthylamine. 42% of all those who had diagnosed bladder cancer had not come in direct contact with the above cancerogenic agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Descriptive epidemiological study of malignant neoplasms in the Semipalatinsk district of the Kazakh S.S.R]. / Deskriptivnoe épidemiologicheskoe issledovanie zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii v Semipalatinskoi oblasti Kazakhskoi SSR.

The age-specific morbidity rates for all types of malignant tumors have been shown to be higher among the residents in the Semipalatinsk Region than in the general population of the Soviet Union, which is primarily due to the incidence of esophageal cancer which in males and females exceeds that in the general USSR's population. There is a tendency to increasing morbidity due to lung, rectum, and breast cancers. The morbidity due to malignant tumors of lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues was lower in the Semipalatinsk Region in 1970 than that in Kazakhstan and in the USSR, but in 1985 it was similar to that in the USSR and higher than in Kazakhstan. It is necessary to make an epidemiological survey to detect the etiological factors responsible for an increase in the morbidity due to tumors of this site in the area.

[An epidemiological study of the cancer morbidity in persons having industrial contact with carcinogenic amino compounds]. / Epidemiologicheskoe izuchenie onkologicheskoi zabolevaemosti lits, imevshikh proizvodstvennyi kontakt s kantserogennymi aminosoedineniiami.

Epidemiology of cancer was studied in a group of aniline-dye industry workers. Cancer morbidity in those directly exposed to betanaphthylamine and benzidine was 1.8 and 2 times the expected one for males and females, respectively (p less than 0.05). Bladder cancer morbidity was many times the expected one for both males and females; it did not involve prevalence in male morbidity generally observed for this site. Primary multiple malignant tumors were more frequently registered in females. Stomach and lung cancer morbidity was increased in males (p less than 0.05). Also, prophylactic measures should be taken at factories using amino compounds which are suspected to be carcinogenic for man.

[Malignant tumor mortality in groups of female medical workers]. / Smertnost' ot zlokachestvennykh opukholei v gruppe zhenshchin--meditsinskikh rabotnikov.

The paper discusses results of a descriptive epidemiologic study of cancer mortality in the following three groups of retired women: (1) physicians of all specialties, (2) physician's assistants, midwives and nurses, and (3) practical nurses. Cancer mortality proved significantly increased in all the groups studied: 1.5, 1.3 and 1.1 higher, respectively. Moreover, the physician group was characterized by significantly higher mortality from rectal cancer, breast cancer and hemoblastoses (3.1, 4.2 and 2.6 times higher, respectively). Mortality rates for lung and breast cancer were 1.6 and 1.2 times higher in the nurse group whereas that for cervical cancer was increased in the practical nurses.