Laminin receptor 1 expression in premalignant and malignant squamous lesions of the cervix.

Laminin receptor 1 (LAMR) may have a role in the progression of premalignant squamous epithelial lesions to cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression of laminin receptor 1 (LAMR) in normal, premalignant, and malignant tissues of the uterine cervix. Paraffin blocks of 129 specimens with the diagnoses of normal cervical tissue (n = 33), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (n = 30), CIN 2 (n = 14), CIN 3 (n = 28), and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 24) were immunohistochemically stained with LAMR antibody and its expression percentage, pattern, and intensity in these tissues were assessed. Compared to the other groups, the nonstaining with LAMR was highest in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (p < 0.0001). LAMR expression, which was positive in less than 50% of cells with weak staining, increased significantly between normal cervical epithelium and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive carcinoma, as well as between LSIL and HSIL (p < 0.0001). Between LSIL and invasive carcinoma, a significant increment was also observed for weak staining in less than 50% of cells (p < 0.001). LAMR expression, which was positive in more than 50% of cells with strong staining, was significantly higher in normal cervical tissue compared to the other groups (p < 0.0001). Disease progression related gradual increment of LAMR expression from normal cervical epithelium or LSIL towards HSIL or cervical cancer reveals that LAMR may play an important role in the transition from premalignant to malignant state in cervical lesions.

Total Antioxidant Potential, Total Phenolic Profile and Cytotoxic Activity Against Brain Cancer: Melocan and Galdirik§.

Research background: Brain cancer is known to be one of the most difficult types of cancer to cure. It has a serious impact on the lives of diagnosed people due to the insufficient treatment options and their side effects. The search for new alternative treatments is therefore ongoing. Melocan (Smilax excelsa L.) and galdirik (Trachystemon orientalis) are of great importance in both traditional culinary culture and traditional medicine around the Black Sea; however, the knowledge about their antioxidant and cytotoxic effects remains fairly limited. Experimental approach: The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Smilax excelsa and Trachystemon orientalis on the C6 glioblastoma cell line. The plants of Smilax excelsa and Trachystemon orientalis were dried and extracted and then their total phenolic content (TPC) and phenolic profiles were studied. In addition, their total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined using an assay kit. We also analysed the total antioxidant activity (TAA) using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and the cytotoxic effect on the glioma cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results and conclusions: According to the results, the water extracts of Smilax excelsa and Trachystemon orientalis had higher TPC (expressed in gallic acid equivalents on dry mass basis: 1158.17 and 262 mg/100 g, respectively) than the ethanol extracts. TAA expressed in Trolox equivalents on dry mass basis was 192.86 and 131.92 mg/100 g for Smilax excelsa and Trachystemon orientalis, respectively. The MTT assay showed that Trachystemon orientalis had a greater cytotoxic effect. In conclusion, the findings of the current study are promising for the development of new drugs. Novelty and scientific contribution: This is the first study that aims to evaluate the potential cytotoxic activity of two local Turkish plants, Smilax excelsa and Trachystemon orientalis, against C6 glioblastoma cells. The results confirm that both plants could be used as good therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer in the future.

Perceived learning environment and academic motivation: An explanatory mixed methods study in a Molecular Biology and Genetics program.

Lack of motivation of students is a major concern for the instructors and administration in universities, and it is in their interest to address these issues in the most effective and efficient way. The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed-method study is to examine the predictive power of the learning environment on student academic motivation and to learn students' opinions on this issue. One hundred twenty students enrolled at the Molecular Biology and Genetics program completed the Academic Motivation and Learning Environment Perception scales, Quantitative findings indicated that only the activities dimension of the learning environment has a predictive power on academic motivation. Focus group interviews conducted with 16 students validated the quantitative findings. Students particularly drew attention to activities that foster active participation in the learning process, emphasizing the vitality of being engaged and of having real-life experiences in their learning environment.

Biochemical and histopathologic assessment of effects of acitretin on epiphyseal growth plate in rats.

INTRODUCTION: Acitretin is a commonly used retinoid in dermatology. Although there are generally known side effects, the effects on the epiphyseal plaque and bone metabolism are not clear in the literature. AIM: To histopathologically investigate the effects on the epiphyseal plate and assess variations in bone metabolism caused by acitretin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three groups were formed with 10 rats in each group. The 1st group (n = 10, 5 male, 5 female) were administered 10 mg/kg/day oral acitretin solution and the 2nd group (n = 10, 5 male, 5 female) were administered 3 mg/kg/day oral acitretin solution. The control group were given normal standard feed and water. Rats were sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks. The proximal tibias were excised and histopathologically and immunohistochemically assessed. Biochemical assessment was also carried out. RESULTS: Staining with haematoxylin-eosin found reductions in the epiphyseal plate in the 1st and 2nd group compared to the control group, though this situation was not statistically significant. Immunohistochemical studies did not encounter Type II collagen in the epiphyseal bone, proliferative zone and hypertrophic zone in the control group, low dose acitretin solution group and high dose acitretin solution group. Type II collagen was not observed in osteoids and osteoblasts. Type I collagen was not observed in the hypertrophic zone and proliferative zone of any group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that though acitretin caused degeneration of the epiphyseal plate, it did not cause clear thinning and we identified no significant variations in bone metabolism markers.

A Novel Expression Profile of Cell Cycle and DNA Repair Proteins in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to understand the relationship between NFAs and functional pituitary adenomas and the possible role of proteins involved in cell cycle, senescence, and DNA damage control mechanisms in the etiology of NFA. We analyzed pATM-S1981, pRb-S608, Rb, pE2F1-S364, p16, E2F1, p73, cyclin D1, and CHEK2 protein expression (in a group of 20 patients with acromegaly, 18 patients with Cushing's disease (CD), and 29 NFA patients) by immunohistochemistry and their relevant mRNA expression by qRT-PCR (in a group of 7 patients with acromegaly, 7 patients with CD, and 7 NFA patients). The clinical and histopathological results on the patients were statistically evaluated. pE2F1-S364 protein expression in the CD group was significantly lower than that in the NFA and acromegaly groups (p = 0.025, p = 0.034, respectively). However, the expression of the p16 protein was lower than in the NFA group than in the CD and acromegaly groups (p = 0.030, p = 0.033, respectively), and E2F1 protein expression was significantly higher in the NFA group than in the CD group (p = 0.025). p73 protein expression in patients with acromegaly was significantly higher (p = 0.031) than that in the CD group. CHEK2 mRNA expression in the CD group was significantly higher than that in the acromegaly group (p = 0.012). The selective and tumor-specific associations between E2F1, pE2F1-S364, CHEK2, and p73 mRNA and protein levels indicate their involvement in pituitary adenoma formation in NFA, CD, and acromegaly patients.

Expression of Laminin Receptor 1 in Normal, Hyperplastic, and Malignant Endometrium.

Laminin receptor 1 may have a role in the progression from endometrial hyperplasia with or without atypia to endometrial cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the pattern, percentage, and intensity of laminin receptor 1 expression in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium. Paraffin blocks of 131 specimens with the diagnoses of normal endometrium (n=25), endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (n=21) or without atypia (n=55), and endometrial cancer (n=30) were immunostained with laminin receptor 1 antibody, and its expression percentage, pattern, and intensity in the epithelial cytoplasm, basement membrane, and endometrial stroma of these tissues were assessed. When compared with hyperplasia with or without atypia and endometrial cancer, the percentage of nonstaining with laminin receptor 1 in the epithelial basement membrane was higher (96%), and the percentage of <50% staining with laminin receptor 1 was lower (4%) in the normal endometrium (P=0.001). While a progressive increment in staining percentage and density of epithelial cytoplasm and basement membrane was noted through an orderly progression from normal endometrium to endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, and cancer of endometrium (P<0.001), such a relationship was not found for the staining percentage and density of endometrial stroma (P>0.05). Disease progression-related gradual increment in laminin receptor 1 expression in the epithelial basement membranes of hyperplastic endometrium with or without atypia and cancer of endometrium reveals that it may play a substantial role in the transition from premalignant to the malignant state of endometrial lesions.

Integration of multi-scale molecular modeling approaches with experiments for the in silico guided design and discovery of novel hERG-Neutral antihypertensive oxazalone and imidazolone derivatives and analysis of their potential restrictive effects on cell proliferation.

AT1 antagonists is the most recent drug class of molecules against hypertension and they mediate their actions through blocking detrimental effects of angiotensin II (A-II) when acts on type I (AT1) A-II receptor. The effects of AT1 antagonists are not limited to cardiovascular diseases. AT1 receptor blockers may be used as potential anti-cancer agents - due to the inhibition of cell proliferation stimulated by A-II. Therefore, AT1 receptors and the A-II biosynthesis mechanisms are targets for the development of new synthetic drugs and therapeutic treatment of various cardiovascular and other diseases. In this work, multi-scale molecular modeling approaches were performed and it is found that oxazolone and imidazolone derivatives reveal similar/better interaction energy profiles compared to the FDA approved sartan molecules at the binding site of the AT1 receptor. In silico-guided designed hit molecules were then synthesized and tested for their binding affinities to human AT1 receptor in radioligand binding studies, using [125I-Sar1-Ile8] AngII. Among the compounds tested, 19d and 9j molecules bound to receptor in a dose response manner and with relatively high affinities. Next, cytotoxicity and wound healing assays were performed for these hit molecules. Since hit molecule 19d led to deceleration of cell motility in all three cell lines (NIH3T3, A549, and H358) tested in this study, this molecule is investigated in further tests. In two cell lines (HUVEC and MCF-7) tested, 19d induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in a concentration dependent manner. Adherent cells detached from the plates and underwent cell death possibly due to apoptosis at 19d concentrations that induced cell cycle arrest.

Investigation of role of vascular endothelial growth factor, Annexin A5 and Apelin by immunohistochemistry method in placenta of preeclampsia patients.

Preeclampsia is a disease characterized by hypertension and proteinuria occurred after 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.  The pathophysiological mechanism of preeclampsia is not known exactly yet. Preeclampsia endothelial cell dysfunction, associated with inadequate trophoblastic invasion is characterized by abnormal placentation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) according to is an angiogenic cytokine, Annexin A5 is among endogenous peptides are both expressed from placental trophoblasts and Apelin is a multifunctional peptide and expressed by placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells. It was aimed to investigate roles of these parameters occurring in preeclampsia and to compare immunoreactivity of them in normal and preeclamptic placenta. In this study, placentas were collected from 20 normotensive pregnant women as controls, 16 mild-preeclamptic pregnant women, and 16 severe preeclamptic women. VEGF, Annexin A5 and Apelin were examined in samples of placenta tissues by streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemical methods. Immunoreactivity scores (IRS) were obtained for each parameter.  VEGF and Apelin IRS were increased significantly in preeclamptic groups compared with control group (p <0.026, p<0.002 respectively). But Annexin A5 IRS was decreased significantly in preeclamptic groups compared with control group (p<0.04). In correlation with the intensity of disease, increase in VEGF and Apelin, and decrease in Annexin A5 supports roles of hemo-dynamic alterations in fetoplacental circulation and structural alterations in uteroplacental bed occurring in preeclampsia.

Tonsillar solitary fibrous tumour: A interesting rare case.

A solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumour that frequently originates in the mesothelium-covered surfaces, such as the pleura and peritoneum. It may develop in various body parts, including the head and neck. These tumours may arise in several different patterns, which results in difficulties in diagnosing them. This case is a solitary tumour developing from the palatine tonsil in a 17-year-old male patient; it is the second case in the literature. The tumour has the histopathological characteristics of a patternless pattern, a slight pleomorphism, and a composition of hypercellular and hypocellular sites. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells showed a strong positive staining with CD34, Bcl-2, and vimentin. No recurrence developed in the patient's approximately 18-month-long follow-up period.

Investigating the Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on the Viability of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in Rats.

OBJECTIVE: This experimental study investigated the efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) extract in reducing the partial losses of random flaps. METHOD: Forty Wistar Albino rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups as (A) control group, (B) stress group, (C) oral KRG group, and (D) intraperitoneal KRG group. The modified McFarlane flap of 9 × 3 cm with a caudal pedicle was harvested from the back of the rats in all the groups. Korean Red Ginseng was administered to groups C and D at standard doses for 10 days. After 10 days, the flaps were removed in all groups and were examined macroscopically, histopathologically, histochemically, and biochemically. The results were statistically analyzed and compared among the groups. RESULTS: The flap necrosis rates were significantly lower in groups C and D compared with groups A and B (P < 0.05). The vascular density, antioxidant activity, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α levels were significantly higher in the groups C and D compared with the groups A and B (P < 0.05). Although vascular density, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and catalase levels were negatively correlated with the flap necrosis rates, there was a significantly positive correlation between malondialdehyde and necrosis rates. CONCLUSIONS: Korean Red Ginseng increases the viability of random pattern skin flaps, resulting in reduced rates of distal necrosis. Korean Red Ginseng has antioxidant activity and increases neovascularization.

Mandibular Actinomyces Infection Mimicking a Malignancy: Case Report.

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, suppurative and granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces israelii, which is a filamentous, anaerobic, gram-positive, saprophytic organism in the oral cavity. Diagnosis of actinomycosis depends on positive culture or identification of Actinomyces colonies and sulfur granules in histological specimens. In our case, a mass had been growing in the mandible for eight months. The mass appeared to be malignant, both clinically and radiologically. A histopathological examination of the mandible revealed actinomycosis. It should be noted that actinomycosis can mimic a malignancy, and for differential diagnosis, bone biopsy or fine-needle aspiration should be performed pre-operatively.

Protective Effects of Selenium, N-Acetylcysteine and Vitamin E Against Acute Ethanol Intoxication in Rats.

The aim of this study was to determine possible protective influences of selenium (Se), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and vitamin E (Vit E) against acute ethanol (EtOH) intoxication. Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups: I (control), II (EtOH), III (EtOH + Se), IV (EtOH + Vit E), V (EtOH + NAC), and VI (EtOH + mix). Except group I, EtOH was given the other pretreated (groups III, IV, V, and VI) and untreated groups (group II). Compared with the EtOH group, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB levels were significantly decreased in all pretreated groups, whereas slightly diminished amylase and lipase were observed. Compared with the control group, a remarkably lower total antioxidant status (TAS), but higher total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were seen in brain, liver, and kidney tissues. The values of these parameters were less affected from EtOH-exposed brain tissue of EtOH + NAC and liver of EtOH + mix groups. Both significant decrease of catalase activity and marked increases of adenosine deaminase and myeloperoxidase were determined only in liver tissue of the EtOH group. Activities of these enzymes were restored in almost all pretreated groups. Moreover, an increase of xanthine oxidase activity was prevented in brain tissue of pretreated groups. In histopathological examination of the liver, hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, mononuclear cell infiltration, and marked congestion, which were seen in the EtOH group, were prevented in all pretreated groups. Relative protection against acute EtOH toxicity, in both single and combined pretreatments of Se, NAC, and Vit E supplementation, was probably through antioxidant and free radical-neutralizing effects of foregoing materials.

Ezrin Inhibition Up-regulates Stress Response Gene Expression.

Ezrin is a member of the ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) family of proteins that links cortical cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. High expression of ezrin correlates with poor prognosis and metastasis in osteosarcoma. In this study, to uncover specific cellular responses evoked by ezrin inhibition that can be used as a specific pharmacodynamic marker(s), we profiled global gene expression in osteosarcoma cells after treatment with small molecule ezrin inhibitors, NSC305787 and NSC668394. We identified and validated several up-regulated integrated stress response genes including PTGS2, ATF3, DDIT3, DDIT4, TRIB3, and ATF4 as novel ezrin-regulated transcripts. Analysis of transcriptional response in skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from NSC305787-treated mice compared with a control group revealed that, among those genes, the stress gene DDIT4/REDD1 may be used as a surrogate pharmacodynamic marker of ezrin inhibitor compound activity. In addition, we validated the anti-metastatic effects of NSC305787 in reducing the incidence of lung metastasis in a genetically engineered mouse model of osteosarcoma and evaluated the pharmacokinetics of NSC305787 and NSC668394 in mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that cytoplasmic ezrin, previously considered a dormant and inactive protein, has important functions in regulating gene expression that may result in down-regulation of stress response genes.

The Effect of the Active Ingredient Thymoquinone on Flap Viability in Random Pattern Flaps in Rats.

Thymoquinone (TQ) is a plant extract that has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic effects. The aim of this study is to research how the use of TQ affects flap viability. 42 rats were placed into 6 groups, with 7 rats in each. A 3 × 10 cm McFarlane flap model was used on the test animals. The sham group had used neither surgical nor TQ treatment. The control group had surgery but no treatment afterwards. The preoperative TQ group was given oral doses of 2 mg/kg. TQ for 10 days preoperatively with no treatment after the surgical procedure. The postoperative TQ group received oral doses of 2 mg/kg TQ for 10 days after the surgical process. The preoperative + postoperative (pre + postoperative) TQ group was given oral doses of 2 mg/kg TQ for 10 days both preoperatively and postoperatively. Finally, the dimethylsulfoxide group received 10 mg/kg dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 10 days both preoperatively and postoperatively. Ten days after surgery the findings were evaluated. The average rates of necrosis were found to be 29.7 % in the control group, 19.18 % in the preoperative TQ group, 13.05 % in the postoperative TQ group, 8.42 % in the pre + postoperative TQ group, and 29.03 % in the DMSO group. The experimental groups had better area measurement, histopathological, and electron microscopic results than the control group (All; p < 0.05). We believe that, because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties, thymoquinone is an agent that can prevent ischemia-reperfusion damage and, therefore, prevent necrosis.

Paricalcitol may improve oxidative DNA damage on experimental amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity model.

This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of paricalcitol on experimental amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity model in rats. Wistar albino rats (n = 32) were allocated into four equal groups of eight each, the control (Group C), paricalcitol (Group P), amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity (Group A), and paricalcitol-treated amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity (Group A + P) groups. Paricalcitol was given intra-peritoneally at a dose of 0.4 µg/kg/d for 5 consecutive days prior to induction of amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity. Intra-peritoneal amikacin (1.2 g/kg) was used to induce nephrotoxicity at day 4. Renal function parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine ratio), kidney histology, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoexpression were determined. Group A + P had lower mean fractional sodium excretion (p < 0.001) as well as higher creatinine clearance (p = 0.026) than the amikacin group (Group A). Renal tissue malondialdehyde levels (p = 0.035) and serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine ratio (8-OHdG/dG ratio) (p < 0.001) were significantly lower; superoxide dismutase (p = 0.024) and glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.007) activities of renal tissue were significantly higher in group A + P than in group A. The mean scores of tubular necrosis (p = 0.024), proteinaceous casts (p = 0.038), medullary congestion (p = 0.035), and VEGF immunoexpression (p = 0.018) were also lower in group A + P when compared with group A. This study demonstrates the protective effect of paricalcitol in the prevention of amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in an experimental model. Furthermore, it is the first study to demonstrate that paricalcitol improves oxidative DNA damage in an experimental acute kidney injury model.

Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema with involvement of the face and neck: A case report.

Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema (CIAE) is a cutaneous response to diverse chemotherapeutic drug administration. These drugs cause symmetrical and painful erythema of palmoplantar surfaces. Bulla formation, desquamation, and subsequent reepithelialization may occur. Commonly, the lesions slowly resolve over 7-15 days, through desquamation, followed by regeneration of the skin. Here, we described a case of CIAE, with involvement of face and neck in a patient treated for breast cancer using a number of chemotherapeutic agents. Face involvement in CIAE has not been previously reported in the literature.

Esophageal Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma with Unique Daisy-Like Appearance.

Due to differences in prognosis and management, it is important to subclassify esophageal carcinoma. Esophageal lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported to date. Review of the literature revealed case reports describing lesions with similar histology. We present a 69-year-old man with a giant pedunculated-polypoid lesion of the esophagus shrinking the lumen. Endoscopic excision of the tumor was performed and final histopathological diagnosis was confirmed to be LELC. In contrast to a previous case with a more aggressive course and a recurrent lesion, our patient died of his disease within 8 months of diagnosis. Here we discuss the endoscopic and radiologic findings of the case and a review of the literature.

Accurately localizing the thyroid tissue in mature cystic teratoma of ovary by single-photon emission computerized tomography/computerized tomography.

A 30-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism was admitted to hospital. Although increased thyroid function was found, the gland was normal in ultrasonography (USG). Additionally, thyroid iodine uptake and Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy was normal. Abdomen USG detected a cystic pelvic mass in left ovary. A whole-body scan was performed 48 hours after oral ingestion of 29.6 MBq (0.8 mCi) I-131 (iodine-131) revealed a round structure located to the left lower abdomen. Iodine uptake was detected in this cyst which was compatible with functional thyroid tissue demonstrated by SPECT/CT. The patient was underwent surgical operation and histopathology confirmed mature cystic teratoma. Accurate localization and depiction of thyroid tissue in ovary mass was provided with SPECT/CT.

Effects of jnk inhibitor on inflammation and fibrosis in the ovary tissue of a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor (SP600125) on fibrosis and inflammation in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHOD: 50 Wistar-albino rats were divided into five groups (n=10 each): control group, sham group, PCOS group, SP600125+ PCOS group and SP600125 group. In the estradiol valerate (EV)-treated group in which PCOS was injected with a single 4 mg/kg i.p. of EV in 0.2 ml sesame oil and the rats were sacrificed on day 60. The estradiol valerate (EV)-treated + SP600125-treated group was injected with a single 4 mg/kg i.p. of EV in 0.2 ml sesame oil. As of day 60, the treatment group was additionally given 15 mg/kg i.p. of SP600125 once daily for 4 consecutive days and the rats were sacrificed on day 65. Histopathological findings (ovarian morphology, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular congestion and hyperemia) and collagen type IV immunoexpression were assessed. RESULTS: The SP600125+ PCOS group showed a significant level of improvement in ovarian follicle morphology, edema, inflammatory infiltrate, vascular congestion and hyperemia as compared with the PCOS group. Furthermore, collagen type IV immunoexpression showed a significant reduction in staining intensity on the theca cell layer and ovary stroma as compared to the PCOS group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the therapeutic effect of SP600125 in the prevention of PCOS in an experimental model.

A Case of Giant Uterine Lipoleiomyoma Simulating Malignancy.

Introduction. Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign pathology in women and lipoleiomyoma is an extremely rare and specific type of leiomyoma. Here, we report an unusual case of giant pedunculated subserous lipoleiomyoma misdiagnosed preoperatively as leiomyosarcoma. Case. A 45-year-old woman admitted to our gynecology outpatient clinic for complaints of abdominal distention, tiredness, and pelvic pain for the last 6 months. Sonography and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a giant semisolid mass that filled whole abdominal cavity from pelvis to subdiaphragmatic area. A primary diagnosis of uterine sarcoma or ovarian malignancy was made. On operation, total abdominal hysterectomy with a pedunculated mass of size 30 × 23 × 12 cm and weighing 5.4 kg and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The histopathology revealed a lipoleiomyoma with extensive cystic and fatty degeneration without any malignancy. Discussion. The diagnosis of leiomyoma is done usually with pelvic ultrasound but sometimes it is difficult to reach a correct diagnosis especially in cases of giant and pedunculated lipoleiomyoma that included fatty tissue which may mimick malignancy. Conclusion. Subserous pedunculated giant lipoleiomyoma should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma or ovarian malignancy.