[A case of subglottic cysts in monochorionic monoamniotic twins]. / Klinicheskoe nablyudenie razvitiya podskladkovykh kist u monokhorial'nykh monoamnioticheskikh bliznetsov.

The first observation in the world literature of the development of subglottic cysts in the larynx in monochorionic monoamniotic twins is presented. The girls were born prematurely at 34 weeks of gestation, from the first day of life for 7 and 8 days, respectively, were transferred to mechanical ventilation. At the fourth month of life, symptoms of laryngeal stenosis appeared and began to gradually progress, conservative therapy had no effect. The diagnosis of subglottic cysts was established on the basis of fibrolaryngoscopy; after endolaryngeal surgery, breathing returned to normal. This case demonstrates the importance of timely endoscopic examination of the respiratory tract in children with stridor.

[Differential diagnosis of parapharyngeal abscess with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19]. / O differentsial'noi diagnostike parafaringeal'nogo abstsessa s detskim mul'tisistemnym vospalitel'nym sindromom, assotsiirovannym s novoi koronavirusnoi infektsiei (COVID-19).

The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has identified new diagnostic and medical tasks before different doctors. As observations show, children have the flow of infection easier than adults. However, in some cases, COVID-19 in children proceeds extremely difficult, with fever and multisystem inflammation, possibly requiring treatment in the resuscitation department. In domestic practice, the term "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19" is used to indicate the disease. Among the local symptoms of MIS are inflammations of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as various lymphadenopathy. The article presents the results of our clinic's observation of 205 patients with MIS for the period from May 2020 to May 2021. In some patients, the clinical manifestations of MIS-C required differential diagnosis with parapharyngeal abscesses (PPA). For this purpose, the children were consulted by an otorhinolaryngologist and a CT scan of the neck with contrast enhancement was performed. Despite the striking clinical manifestations similar to PPA, in no case was a pharyngeal abscess revealed. Both of these diseases are potentially fatal if treatment is not started on time, and therefore we believe that the awareness of otorhinolaryngologists about the manifestations of MIS-C will be useful in modern clinical practice.

[Features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of parapharyngeal abscesses in children: analysis of 121 observations]. / Osobennosti kliniki, diagnostiki i lecheniya parafaringeal'nykh abstsessov u detei: analiz 121 nablyudeniya.

Parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscesses (PPA) in children are a rare pathology, for the diagnosis of which it is necessary to use additional instrumental examination methods. The tactics of treating patients remains a subject of discussion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of PPA in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: According to the hospital database, a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of children discharged from the clinic with a diagnosis of "J39.0 Retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess" was carried out in the period from 01.01.14 to 31.12.19. In all cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) data with contrast enhancement. Complaints at the time of treatment, anamnesis and instrumental diagnosis data, clinical features of the course of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: 121 children were treated for PPA (average age 73±41 months; Me=52.5 months), which is 0.4% of all hospitalized in the otorhinolaryngological department, 0.7% of the number of emergency hospitalizations, 0.8% of the number of hospitalized children with pharyngeal diseases, and 8.3% of the number of patients with pharyngeal abscess. Abscesses were more often localized in the upper pharynx, at the level of the I-II cervical vertebrae (49.6% of all observations); abscesses were found least often in the pharyngeal space (5.8%), there was no statistically significant difference between the right-sided and left-sided location: 47.9% and 46.2%, respectively. Surgical treatment was performed in 98 (81%) patients in the presence of an abscess capsule or an abscess diameter of more than 2 cm according to CT; the remaining 23 (19%) children were treated conservatively. The opening of the abscess was performed endopharyngeal, in the case of a pronounced deep lateral location of the abscess and its proximity to large blood vessels - with access through the tonsillar niche after preliminary tonsillectomy (19.4% of those operated). CONCLUSION: The final diagnosis of parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscess can be established by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Conservative treatment is indicated for a limited group of patients at the initial stages of the disease, most patients need surgical treatment.

[Two cases of bilateral lymphangiomatous palatine tonsil polyps in children]. / Nabliudenie dvukh sluchaev dvustoronnikh limfangiomatoznykh polipov nebnykh mindalin u detei.

Lymphangiomatous polyps of palatine tonsils are a rare condition, which is diagnosed with patomorphological study. About cases in total are reported in the literature, mostly with one-sided lesions. We managed to find only two reports of lymphangiomatous polyps of palatine tonsils in the available literature. The patients were children in both cases. We report our two cases of children with lymphangiomatous polyps of palatine tonsils.

[The observation of two cases of isolated parapharyngeal abscess in a single child]. / Nabliudenie dvukh izolirovannykh parafaringeal'nykh abstsessov u odnogo rebenka.

This article reports a rare observation of the simultaneous appearance of two isolated parapharyngeal abscesses in a 3 year-old child.

[The specific features of the past medical history and etiology of pharyngeal abscess in the children]. / Osobennosti anamneza i étiologii abstsessov glotki u detei.

The present study was undertaken for the purpose of elucidating the specific features of the past medical history and the etiological factors responsible for the development of tonsillogenic pharyngeal abscesses in the children. We performed the retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 291 children presenting with this condition who had been admitted for the treatment to the ENT Department of the Morozovskzya City Children's Clinical Hospital during the period from January till December 2015. The study has demonstrated the following most common shortcomings of the outpatient treatment of the patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis at the stage preceding formation of paratonsillar abscess: inadequate antibacterial therapy of acute chronic tonsillitis or its exacerbation and limited indications for tonsillectomy at the level of the outpatient treatment. The leading role in the etiology of tonsillogenic pharyngeal abscesses in the children is played by beta-hemolytic Streptococcus of group A. It is concluded that the medical history suggesting past paratonsillar abscess is the absolute indication for the subsequent tonsillectomy in the children of any age.

[Congenital parotid gland fistula in the children: diagnostics and surgical treatment].

The objective of the present study was to improve diagnostics and surgical treatment of congenital parotid gland fistulae. It involved 86 children presenting with this defect at the age varying from 4 months to 17 years who were admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Morozovskaya City Children's Clinical Hospital during the period from 2010 till 2014. It was shown that parotid fistula suppuration is an absolute indication for the surgical treatment of such children regardless of their age. The proposed diaphanoscopic technique was shown to produce good results and can be recommended for both diagnostics an intraoperative visualization of the fistulous passage.