Effects of dietary fiber intake on inflammation in chronic diseases / Efeitos da ingestão de fibras sobre a inflamação nas doenças crônicas

Chronic diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammation due the increase of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and C-reactive protein concentrations. Occidental life style, specially related to the changes in food habits as observed in the past years, have an important role in the development of these diseases. Among the life style changes identified as having an impact in the development of diseases, is the decrease in dietary fiber consumption. Some studies have shown the negative relationship between fiber ingestion and inflammatory markers in chronic diseases. Dietary fibers have an important and a well-known role in different physiologic functions such as intestinal peristalsis, weight reduction by acting on satiety mechanisms, preventing colon cancer, reducing cholesterol and post-prandial glycaemia.

Doenças crônicas como obesidade, diabetes, síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares têm sido associadas a processos inflamatórios, pois se tem observado aumento nas concentrações de alguns marcadores inflamatórios, como TNF-alfa, IL-6 e proteína C-reativa nessas condições. O estilo de vida ocidental, especialmente no que diz respeito à mudança nos hábitos alimentares observada nos últimos anos, tem papel importante no desenvolvimento dessas doenças. Entre as alterações de hábitos alimentares identificados como impactantes para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas, está a redução no consumo de fibras alimentares. Alguns estudos têm mostrado relação negativa entre ingestão de fibras alimentares e marcadores inflamatórios associados às doenças crônicas. As fibras alimentares têm papel importante nas diversas funções fisiológicas já conhecidas como: peristaltismo intestinal, emagrecimento, influenciando os mecanismos de saciedade, preventivo no câncer de cólon, coadjuvante para o controle de colesterol e redução glicemia pós-prandial.

Effects of dietary fiber intake on inflammation in chronic diseases.

Chronic diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammation due the increase of TNF-α, IL-6 and C-reactive protein concentrations. Occidental life style, specially related to the changes in food habits as observed in the past years, have an important role in the development of these diseases. Among the life style changes identified as having an impact in the development of diseases, is the decrease in dietary fiber consumption. Some studies have shown the negative relationship between fiber ingestion and inflammatory markers in chronic diseases. Dietary fibers have an important and a well-known role in different physiologic functions such as intestinal peristalsis, weight reduction by acting on satiety mechanisms, preventing colon cancer, reducing cholesterol and post-prandial glycaemia.

Macrophage cholesterol efflux elicited by human total plasma and by HDL subfractions is not affected by different types of dietary fatty acids.

BACKGROUND: Plasma HDL concentrations and composition, important predictors of coronary heart disease, are modified by fatty acids (FAs) in high-fat diets. OBJECTIVE: Following the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III recommendation that 25%-30% of total calorie intake be in the form of fat, we compared the results of the intake of 30% of energy as fat in diets enriched with trans, polyunsaturated, or saturated FAs. These dietary effects on the composition and ability of HDL(2), HDL(3), and total plasma to efflux cholesterol from mouse peritoneal macrophages that previously were loaded with LDL-acetylated 14C-cholesteryl ester were evaluated by using ultracentrifugally isolated lipoproteins. DESIGN: After a 2-wk run-in period, 30 healthy persons (9 M, 21 F), were randomly distributed among 3 groups (n = 10/group) and fed for 4 wk with either an 8.3% trans FA, a 14.6% polyunsaturated FA, or a 13.2% saturated FA diet. The 3 diets had similar proportions of monounsaturated FAs. RESULTS: The percentage of radioactive cell cholesterol removal did not vary among these diets, possibly because of the small difference in the composition of the HDL fraction elicited by the different diets. However, the percentage was consistently higher for HDL(3) than for HDL(2). CONCLUSION: Differences in the cell cholesterol efflux with these diets were not observed, probably because the changes in the HDL composition were quite modest as a result of the limitation of the fat intake to 30% of total calories and because of the rigorous control of the proportions of FAs in the experimental diets used in this investigation.