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1.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 69(9): 379-384, oct. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99246

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Conocer la morbilidad respiratoria, el patrón de crecimiento y la presión arterial (PA) en la edad escolar de los niños prematuros nacidos en nuestro hospital y compararlos con los de un grupo de niños nacidos a término. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes históricas de niños prematuros nacidos en el Hospital Clínico de Valladolid desde enero de 1996 a diciembre de 2001. Se incluyeron en el estudio todos los niños con un peso al nacimiento ≤1.500 g y una edad gestacional (EG) ≤32 semanas (recién nacidos muy prematuros [RNMP]) y un grupo de niños prematuros con una EG de 330-366 semanas (recién nacidos prematuros tardíos [RNPT]). Se incluyó también una cohorte de recién nacidos a término (RNT) en el mismo periodo (EG de 37-42 semanas). Se citó a los niños para realizar anamnesis, exploración física y espirometría. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 35 RNMP, 44 RNPT y 40 RNT. La prevalencia de patología respiratoria de vías bajas/sibilancias recurrentes en la edad escolar fue mayor en los prematuros que en los niños a término: RNMP 20%, RNPT 11,4% y RNT 2,5% (p= 0,038). En la espirometría encontramos una disminución del FEF25-75 en los RNMP respecto a los RNT. En edad escolar los niños RNMP presentan menor peso (puntuación Z de peso: –0,70 frente a 0,24; p= 0,007), y menor talla (puntuación Z de talla: –1,14 frente a 0,58; p= 0,000) que los niños a término. Los prematuros tardíos no muestran diferencias en la edad escolar respecto a los niños a término en peso ni en talla. La PA sistólica fue de 114,4 ± 11,6 mmHg en RNMP, de 108,3 ± 9,3 mmHg en RNPT y de 106,6 ± 9,1mmHg en RNT (p= 0,016). La PA diastólica fue de 64,7 ± 7,8mmHg en RNMP, de 62,2 ± 7,8 mmHg en RNPT y de 56,1 ± 6,3mmHg en RNT (p= 0,000)(AU). Conclusiones: Los niños prematuros presentan en la edad escolar una mayor prevalencia de patología de las vías respiratorias bajas que los niños nacidos a término, cuyo riesgo es mayor en los más inmaduros con antecedente de DBP. La recuperación tras la restricción posnatal del crecimiento de los RNMP no es suficiente, y en la edad escolar la talla y el peso de los RNMP es inferior a los de los niños a término. En los RNPT no hay diferencias en ninguno de estos dos parámetros respecto a los niños a término. La PA en la edad escolar, tanto sistólica como diastólica, es más alta en los niños cuanto más prematuros son (AU)


Objectives: To know the respiratory morbidity, the growth pattern and the blood pressure in premature children born a tour hospital of school age and to compare them with a group of full term children. Patients and methods: We studied a retrospective historical cohort of premature children born at the Clinical Hospital of Valladolid between January 1996 and December of 2001. In this study all the children who were born with ≤1,500 g and of gestational age (GA) ≤32 (VPNB: very premature) and other group of children born between 33,0-36,6 weeks (late preterm births). A cohort group of children born at term (babies born at term) during the same period of time between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation. History, physical examination and spirometry were obtained of each child. Results: 35 VPNB: very premature babies took part of the study, 44 late preterm babies and 40 babies born at term. The prevalence of respiratory pathology of the lower/recurrent wheezing tract episodes in school age was higher in premature than in full term infants: VPNB 20%, late preterm births 11.4%and babies born at term 2.5% (p 0.038). In the spirometry we find a decrease of FEF25-75 in the VPNB respect to babies born at term. In school age VPNB have lower weight than the full term infants (weight Z score –0.70 vs. 0.24, p 0.007) and lower height (height Z score –1.14 vs. 0.58, p 0.000). In school age late preterm infants have no difference with full term infants in weight and height. Systolic blood pressure was 114.4 ± 11.6 in VPNB, 108.3 ± 9.3 in late preterm and 106.6 ± 9.1 in full term (p 0.016). Diastolic blood pressure was 64.7 ± 7.8 in VLBW,62.2 ± 7.8 in late preterm babies and 56.1 ± 6.3 in babies born at term (p 0.000)(AU). Conclusions: Premature children at school age have a higher prevalence of pathology of lower recurrent wheezing episodes than infants born at term, being the risk higher in the most immature children who have had BPD. The recovery after the postnatal restriction growth of the VPNB is not enough and in school age the height and weight of the Preterm children is inferior to the children born at term. In the late preterm there is no difference in both parameters with the children born at term. The arterial blood pressure during school age, both systolic and diastolic, is higher in the children while more prematurely born (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Growth Disorders/epidemiology , Respiratory Sounds , Morbidity , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 69(7/8): 317-324, jul.-sept. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99450

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Conocer las alteraciones motoras, neurosensoriales, psicointelectivas, emocionales y de conducta en niños muy prematuros y prematuros tardíos en edad escolar. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio de cohortes históricas de niños prematuros nacidos en el Hospital Clínico de Valladolid desde enero de 1996 hasta diciembre de 2001. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos (RN) con un peso al nacimiento ≤1.500 g y una edad gestacional (EG) ≤32 semanas (RN muy prematuros [RNMP]), y un grupo de niños con una EG de 33-36 semanas (RN prematuros tardíos [RNPT]). Se incluyó también una cohorte de RN a término (RNT) en el mismo periodo. Se citó a los niños en la consulta para realizar una entrevista sobre los problemas de salud y una exploración física completa a cada niño. Los datos de rendimiento escolar se tomaron de la entrevista a los padres. La valoración psicointelectiva y conductual fue realizada por una psicóloga infantil. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 35 RNMP, 44 RNPT y40 RNT. La incidencia de parálisis cerebral fue del 11,4% en el grupo de RNMP. Tres de los RNMP tenían secuelas neurosensoriales graves: dos hipoacusia y uno ceguera bilateral. El coeficiente intelectual (CI) de los RNMP fue significativamente más bajo que el de los RNPT (91,23 ± 18,5 frente a 104,94 ±16,2; p= 0,002) y que el de los RNT (91,23 ± 18,5 frente a 107,08 ± 15,4; p= 0,000). En el 15,4% de los RNMP el CI fue muy bajo (<69), y ninguno de los niños de los otros dos grupos se encontraba en este nivel. Se observó una correlación significativa entre el CI y el perímetro cefálico en el momento del alta hospitalaria en los RNMP. Respecto a la psicomotricidad (valorada mediante el test de Ozerestky), presentaron una peor coordinación general los RNMP en relación con los otros dos grupos. Los problemas de conducta fueron más evidentes en los niños prematuros tardíos. El 37,1% de los RNMP presentaban un mal rendimiento escolar y precisaban clases de apoyo, frente al 18,2% de los RNPT y el 7,5% de los RNT (p= 0,005). El 42,9%de los RNMP mostraban secuelas globales: un 11,4% graves, un 17,1% moderadas y un 14,3% leves. En el grupo de RNPT la prevalencia de secuelas fue del 27,3%, y en el de RNT del 20% (p <0,001); en ambos grupos eran leves. Conclusiones: En la edad escolar, aproximadamente la mitad de los RNMP presentan alteraciones motoras, neurosensoriales, cognitivas o de conducta respecto a un grupo de RNT. Los prematuros tardíos presentaron una mayor incidencia de trastornos emocionales y/o de conducta que los RNMP y los RNT (AU)


Objectives: To estimate the effect of preterm birth and late preterm infant on motor development, psycho-intellectual, neurosensorial deficits and behavior problems in school aged children. Patients and methods: Historical cohort study of premature children born at the University Hospital of Valladolid, between January 1996 and December 2001. All the new borns, which weighed ≤1,500 g and had a gestation age of 32 or fewer completed weeks where included and very premature babies. Another group with children born between 33 and 36 complete weeks, late preterm infant. A cohort group of FT infants delivered at full term during the same time served as a comparison group. The children where all appointed to the consultation to have an interview about health problems and a complete physical exploration. The data of school performance was taken in an interview with the parents. The psycho-intellectual infantile pshychologist did a condcutible valoration. Results: In the study 35 infants very premature infants, 44 late preterm infants, and 40 FT infants were included. The incidence of cerebral paralysis was of 11.4% in the group of very premature infants. Three children of the group of very premature infants had severe neurosensorial consequences: two cases hypocausia and one was blind. The intelligence quotient in the VLBW was lower compared with the late preterm one(91.23 ± 18.5 vs. 104.94 ± 16.2, p= 0.002) and compared with full term infants (91.23 ± 18.5 vs 107.08 ± 15.4, p= 0.000). The15.4% of the VLBW had the lowest IQ level (<69) and a positive correlation was found between IQ at school age and head circumference at the time of hospital discharge. The overall motor impairment score evaluated with the Ozeretsky test were poorer in VLBW. The behavioral problems were higher in late premature infants. 37.1% of the VLBW, 18.2% in late preterm and 7.5% of full term infants have school problems and special support (p= 0.005). The global deficits in VLBW were severe in 11.4%, moderate in 17.1% and mild in 14.3%. The global deficits in the other two groups were mild: 27.3% of late preterm and 20% of full term infants (p <0.001).Conclusions: At school age, approximately half of every preterm infant is more likely to have motor, neurosensorial, cognitive, behavioral and emotional problems. Late preterm infants have higher psychological problems than VLBW and full term infants (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Cerebral Palsy/epidemiology , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Statistics on Sequelae and Disability , Morbidity , Underachievement , Motor Skills Disorders/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 66(1): 51-4, 2007 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17402184

ABSTRACT

Cardiorespiratory arrest and the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation can occur anywhere, both in the out-of-hospital and in-hospital settings. Therefore, all healthcare centers (hospitals, primary care facilities, out-of-hospital emergency services) must be prepared to initiate life support procedures in children and to treat other life-threatening emergencies. To achieve this objective, adequate material including a full crash cart or resuscitation trolley is essential and must be available in all healthcare centers. Specific items contained in the trolley can vary according to the characteristics of the facility and the most probable type of resuscitation needed (for example, neonatal resuscitation). At least one resuscitation trolley must be available in primary care centers, pediatric intensive care units, emergency departments, out-of-hospital emergency services, and pediatric wards. The trolley must be located in an easily accessible site and must contain only indispensable material. It is essential to include instruments in several sizes, covering children of all ages, as well as enough spare instruments and medications that could be required during resuscitation. The material must be checked periodically and all the staff (physicians, nurses, and auxiliary personnel) must be familiar with the trolley's contents and the location of all material and drugs.


Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/instrumentation , Heart Arrest/therapy , Child , Humans
7.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 66(1): 51-54, ene. 2007.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054160

ABSTRACT

La parada cardiorrespiratoria y por tanto la necesidad de realizar una reanimación cardiopulmonar se puede presentar en cualquier lugar, tanto en el medio extrahospitalario como intrahospitalario. Por ese motivo, todos los centros sanitarios tanto hospitalarios, como de atención primaria y los servicios de emergencias extrahospitalarias, deben estar preparados para realizar una reanimación cardiopulmonar pediátrica y el tratamiento de otras urgencias vitales. Para ello, deben disponer de los medios materiales adecuados. El carro de parada o mesa de reanimación constituye un elemento asistencial indispensable en todo centro sanitario. El material que debe contener el carro de parada puede variar dependiendo del tipo de centro sanitario y el tipo de reanimación (p. ej., la reanimación neonatal). Debe existir al menos un carro en cada centro de atención primaria, unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos, servicio de urgencias, servicio de emergencias extrahospitalarias y planta de pediatría. El carro debe estar en un lugar fácilmente accesible y en él se debe colocar sólo el material imprescindible para las emergencias vitales. Deben existir los tamaños de cada instrumental necesarios para tratar a niños de cualquier edad, y el número suficiente de recambios de cada instrumento y medicación que puedan precisarse durante una reanimación. El material debe ser revisado periódicamente y todo el personal médico, de enfermería y auxiliar deberá conocer el contenido y la disposición del material y medicación del carro


Cardiorespiratory arrest and the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation can occur anywhere, both in the out-of-hospital and in-hospital settings. Therefore, all healthcare centers (hospitals, primary care facilities, out-of-hospital emergency services) must be prepared to initiate life support procedures in children and to treat other life-threatening emergencies. To achieve this objective, adequate material including a full crash cart or resuscitation trolley is essential and must be available in all healthcare centers. Specific items contained in the trolley can vary according to the characteristics of the facility and the most probable type of resuscitation needed (for example, neonatal resuscitation). At least one resuscitation trolley must be available in primary care centers, pediatric intensive care units, emergency departments, out-of-hospital emergency services, and pediatric wards. The trolley must be located in an easily accessible site and must contain only indispensable material. It is essential to include instruments in several sizes, covering children of all ages, as well as enough spare instruments and medications that could be required during resuscitation. The material must be checked periodically and all the staff (physicians, nurses, and auxiliary personnel) must be familiar with the trolley's contents and the location of all material and drugs


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Humans , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/instrumentation , Emergency Medical Services/ethics , Emergency Medical Services/supply & distribution , Emergency Medical Services/trends , Emergency Medicine/ethics , Emergency Medicine/instrumentation , Emergency Medicine/methods , Pulmonary Heart Disease/epidemiology , Pulmonary Heart Disease/rehabilitation , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/classification , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/mortality , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/standards
8.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 65(5): 470-477, nov. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051430

ABSTRACT

Un 10 % de todos los recién nacidos a término o próximos al término, necesitan maniobras de estabilización para iniciar el llanto o una respiración regular, mantener una frecuencia cardíaca mayor de 100 lat./min, y un color sonrosado así como buen tono muscular. Aproximadamente el 1 % van a necesitar ventilación y muy pocos masaje cardíaco o medicación. Sin embargo, la asfixia al nacimiento representa un problema importante a nivel mundial ya que puede producir en el recién nacido la muerte o secuelas graves. Recientemente el European Resuscitation Council (ERC) y el International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) han publicado nuevas recomendaciones para la reanimación neonatal. En ellas han sido revisadas cuestiones específicas como el uso de aire o oxígeno al 100 % en la sala de partos, dosis y ruta de administración de la adrenalina, actuación en caso de líquido amniótico meconial, control de la temperatura, breve referencia a la ventilación en caso de niños prematuros, o referencia a nuevos dispositivos capaces de mejorar la atención al recién nacido, como la mascarilla laríngea o el detector de CO2 que nos va a permitir saber si el tubo endotraqueal está bien colocado. En este documento se recogen los cambios que ha habido en algunas de las prácticas de reanimación neonatal


At birth approximately 10 % of term or near-term neonates require initial stabilization maneuvers to establish a cry or regular breathing, maintain a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute (bpm), and good color and muscular tone. About 1 % requires ventilation and very few infants receive chest compressions or medication. However, birth asphyxia is a worldwide problem and can lead to death or serious sequelae. Recently, the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) published new guidelines on resuscitation at birth. These guidelines review specific questions such as the use of air or 100 % oxygen in the delivery room, dose and routes of adrenaline delivery, the peripartum management of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and temperature control. Assisted ventilation in preterm infants is briefly described. New devices to improve the care of newborn infants, such as the laryngeal mask airway or CO2 detectors to confirm tracheal tube placement, are also discussed. Significant changes have occurred in some practices and are included in this document


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Resuscitation/methods , Algorithms , Resuscitation/standards
9.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 65(5): 470-7, 2006 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17195347

ABSTRACT

At birth approximately 10 % of term or near-term neonates require initial stabilization maneuvers to establish a cry or regular breathing, maintain a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute (bpm), and good color and muscular tone. About 1 % requires ventilation and very few infants receive chest compressions or medication. However, birth asphyxia is a worldwide problem and can lead to death or serious sequelae. Recently, the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) published new guidelines on resuscitation at birth. These guidelines review specific questions such as the use of air or 100 % oxygen in the delivery room, dose and routes of adrenaline delivery, the peripartum management of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and temperature control. Assisted ventilation in preterm infants is briefly described. New devices to improve the care of newborn infants, such as the laryngeal mask airway or CO2 detectors to confirm tracheal tube placement, are also discussed. Significant changes have occurred in some practices and are included in this document.


Subject(s)
Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Resuscitation/methods , Algorithms , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Resuscitation/standards
13.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 58(3): 252-256, mar. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19969

ABSTRACT

La disminución de la mortalidad y de las secuelas neurológicas en recién nacidos con asfixia se relaciona con un buen manejo de estos niños en el momento del nacimiento. Por tanto, la adecuada formación en maniobras de reanimación neonatal del personal encargado de atender a todo recién nacido es un objetivo primordial. En esta publicación se presenta un plan de cursos para la formación en reanimación neonatal. En ellos se contempla la formación de los profesionales encargados de la atención al recién nacido y de los instructores o personas encargadas de los planes docentes en un determinado hospital o área geográfica. Se hace una descripción de los tipos de cursos, contenido y metodología de los mismos (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Curriculum , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Pediatrics , Respiration, Artificial , Hypoxia , Blood Gas Analysis , Acid-Base Equilibrium
16.
An Esp Pediatr ; 50(1): 57-60, 1999 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10083645

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Townes-Brocks syndrome is constituted by a multi-systemic pattern of congenital anomalies with autosomal dominant inheritance. The most characteristic defects are those affecting hearing and the auricle, anal atresia and thumb anomalies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present the epidemiological characteristics of six cases of Townes-Brocks syndrome identified in the consecutive series of 25,967 malformed live born infants detected among 1,431,368 live births surveyed by the ECEMC (Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) between April 1976 and June 1997. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The minimal estimated frequency of Townes-Brocks syndrome in our data is 0.42 cases per 100,000 liveborn infants. These infants have low birth weights. Similar to other published studies, we have observed in our cases a wide variation in the clinical expression of the syndrome, showing great inter-family, as well as intrafamily variability.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Male , Spain/epidemiology , Syndrome
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