[Gamma-glytamiltransferase activity and cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease and cerebral stroke)].

PURPOSE: To investigate association between gamma-glytamiltransferase levels and the development of CVD. The data were taken from materials of the epidemiological study " Determinants of cardiovascular disease in Eastern Europe " , the HAPPIE project. We investigated representative samples from non-organized population of men and women 45 - 69 years old living in Novosibirsk - 9361 subjects (4275 men and 5086 women). The program of study included: questionnaire of previous CVD, smoking status and alcohol consumption; two blood pressure measurements; anthropometry, biochemical analysis (gamma-glytamiltransferase, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) and rest ECG. Among all subjects we distinguished three groups: first - patients with diagnosed ischemic heart disease (angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) and without previous cerebral stroke; second - patients with previous cerebral stroke (without ischemic heart disease); third - patients without previous ischemic heart disease and cerebral stroke (control group). We revealed reliable data on sex-dependent difference of gamma-glytamiltransferase activity: men have higher gamma-glytamiltransferase activity compared with women in all age groups. Subjects who didn t take alcoholic drinks during the last year have noticeably lower gamma-glytamiltransferase level than those who took alcoholic drinks during that period. Gamma-glytamiltransferase activity was higher both in men and women in group with ischemic heart disease, than in control group. We did not reveal difference in gamma-glytamiltransferase activity between groups with cerebral stroke and control group. The similar patterns were revealed in subjects who didn't take alcoholic drinks during the last year.

[The ultrastructure of the central nervous system neurons and synapses in the edible snail under a high concentration of potassium ions]. / Ul'trastruktura neironov i sinapsov tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy vinogradnoi ulitki v usloviiakh vysokoi kontsentratsii ionov kaliia.

The morphometric and electron microscopic results on neuronal and synaptic ultrastructure of central nervous system of Helix pomatia snail, incubated in vitro in media with high potassium ion concentration are represented in the present paper. The activation of glial cells is revealed with its close attachment to neurons. The energization of neuronal mitochondria and signs of cytoplasmatic oedema are clearly visible. The penetration of glial endings in the large neuronal branches and the synaptic vesicles confluence in neuronal endings are found.