ABSTRACT
To evaluate the latent neurological effects of organophosphate pesticide poisoning, this epidemiologic study examined 100 matched-pairs of individuals with previous acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning and nonpoisoned controls. No significant difference between poisoned subjects and controls was found on audiometric tests, ophthalmic tests, electroencephalograms, or the clinical serum and blood chemistry evaluations. Of the more than 50 scores from the neurological examination, abnormalities were demonstrated among the cases only on measures of memory, abstraction, and mood, and on one test of motor reflexes. Differences between the two cohorts were much more apparent in the neuropsychological tests. The differences occurred on tests of widely varying abilities including intellectual functioning, academic skills, abstraction and flexibility of thinking, and simple motor skills. Twice as many cases as controls (24 vs. 12) had Halstead-Reitan Battery summary scores in the range characteristic of individuals with cerebral damage or dysfunction. Results from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Patient's and Relative's Assessment of Patient Functioning Inventories also revealed greater distress and complaints of disability for the poisoned subjects.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/drug effects , Insecticides/poisoning , Neuropsychological Tests , Organophosphorus Compounds , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Intelligence Tests , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Autopsy in a patient with severe hyponatremia showed central pontine myelinolysis. Review of our patients with central pontine myelinolysis and those described in the English literature to data disclosed that 61 percent had documented hyponatremia. While the exact mechanism involving hyponatremia and central pontine myelinolysis cannot be defined, a circumstantial relationship is apparent. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize this relationship and to suggest that the possibility of central pontine myelinolysis be considered in any patient with hyponatremia and neurologic dysfunction.
Subject(s)
Demyelinating Diseases/pathology , Hyponatremia/pathology , Pons/pathology , Alcoholism/physiopathology , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Fatty Liver/pathology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/physiopathology , Liver Function Tests , Middle Aged , Sodium/blood , Vasopressins/metabolismABSTRACT
Small-angle x-ray scattering analyses of sodium humate solutions indicate either that particles of two or more different sizes exist in solution or that all of the particles are the same size but consist of a dense core and a less dense outer shell. Fractionation on a molecular sieve chromatographic column suggests that the first possibility is the more likely of the two. The radius of gyration and molecular weight of the larger particles are respectively 110 A and 1 x 10(6) and those of the smaller particles 38 A and 2.1 x 10(5). These particles are ellipsoidal.
