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1.
Eur J Epidemiol ; 12(5): 521-33, 1996 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8905316

ABSTRACT

Capnocytophaga canimorsus, formerly designated Dysgonic fermenter 2 (DF-2) was first described in 1976; it is a commensal bacterium of dogs and cats saliva, which can be transmitted to man by bite (54% of cases), scratch (8.5%), or mere exposure to animals (27%). We present a review of the clinical and microbiological characteristics of the Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections and 12 cases of infection in France. Over 100 cases of human infections have been reported, mainly septicemia in patients with diminished defences, due to splenectomy (33%), alcohol abuse (24%), immunosuppression (5%). However 40% of septicemia occur in patients with no predisposing conditions. Other infections are less frequent: meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis, pleural and localized eye infections. These infections range from mild to fulminating disease, with shock, respiratory distress, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Dermatological lesions (macular or maculopapular rash, purpura) or gangrene are common. This fastidious Gram-negative bacterium grows slowly on chocolate agar or on heart infusion agar with 5% rabbit blood incubated in 5% CO2. In spite of a great susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics, the mortality is of 30%. Because of the severity of these infections, taking into account this organism in the management of bites is necessary, especially in patients with predisposing factors.


Subject(s)
Animals, Domestic , Bites and Stings/complications , Capnocytophaga , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Adult , Aged , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Female , France/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Sepsis/microbiology
2.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 39(3): 766-8, 1995 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7793890

ABSTRACT

Cryomicrotomy has been used as a new technique for removing gastric mucosae from adult guinea pigs for the study of amoxicillin secretion across gastric mucosae. This method allowed a very regular thickness of the removed surface layer of mucosa to be obtained with good reproducibility. Gastric superficial mucosa concentrations and gastric juice concentrations of amoxicillin were determined 1, 2, and 4 h after intramuscular administration (50 mg/kg) in 21 guinea pigs by a microbiological method. No antibiotic was detected in gastric samples at 4 h, except for a low-level mucosal concentration in one animal, thus indicating the short time that amoxicillin is present in gastric samples.


Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/pharmacokinetics , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Amoxicillin/administration & dosage , Animals , Cryoultramicrotomy , Diffusion , Gastric Juice/metabolism , Guinea Pigs , Injections, Intramuscular , Male
3.
Pathol Biol (Paris) ; 41(10): 927-30, 1993 Dec.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8159472

ABSTRACT

The bacteriological laboratory data base was studied with an original software (Bacterio) and an appropriate method ("doubles" and early samples are not taken in account) to estimate the nosocomial infections. The incidence rates for 100 hospitalizations at the University hospital of Nancy are 9.2, 8.2 et 8.2 for respectively 1989, 90 et 91. These values are corrected while taking into account a method's sensibility of 65%. The 1000 days of hospitalization's rates allow a better comparison between the medical departments. For the whole hospital, the results are respectively of 7.9, 7.2 and 7.5%. Even if the many bias described cannot always been checked, the method gives some evolutivity indicators which are very useful for the hygienists.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology , Pseudomonas Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , France/epidemiology , Hospitals, University , Humans , Incidence , Intensive Care Units , Surgery Department, Hospital
4.
Pathol Biol (Paris) ; 40(5): 471-8, 1992 May.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1495829

ABSTRACT

EF4 bacteria are found in animal saliva and may contaminate bite wounds. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 36 antimicrobials against 44 EF4 strains were determined using dilution in Mueller-Hinton agar. EF4 bacteria were susceptible to aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, ureidopenicillins, third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, and trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole. Susceptibility was intermediate for penicillin G, low for macrolides and variable for aminoglycosides. EF4 bacteria were resistant to lincomycin and trimethoprime. Routine prophylactic treatment of bite-induced Pasteurella infections using an aminopenicillin or a cycline also protects against EF4 infection of the wound.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , 4-Quinolones , Aminoglycosides , Animals , Chloramphenicol/pharmacology , Colony Count, Microbial , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , In Vitro Techniques , Lactams , Macrolides , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Tetracyclines/pharmacology
5.
Pathol Biol (Paris) ; 39(4): 290-2, 1991 Apr.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2062555

ABSTRACT

Bacterio-expert is a simple expert system for assisting in the validation of antibiotic sensitivity testing. This system is incorporated in a data acquisition and editing program for bacteriologic test (Bacterio program written in Turbo-Pascal for personal computer users by the same authors). The principles of this system are explained and results with 4,053 antibiotic sensitivity tests on Staphylococcus aureus isolates are reported. Approximately 10% of tests required corrections.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Expert Systems/instrumentation , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/instrumentation , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Retrospective Studies , Software Validation
6.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 47(5): 208-13, 1991.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1805337

ABSTRACT

The authors present the main characteristics of respiratory pasteurellosis on the basis of 32 personal cases. The predominant background is chronic obstructive lung disease consecutive, in most cases, to chronic bronchitis. In patients without chronic lung disease the infection occurs when the terrain is deficient. The most common clinical form is bronchitis; pneumonia, pleurisy and lung abscess are rare. The existence of asymptomatic carriers has been recognized. Clinical manifestations are devoid of pathognomonic signs and symptoms. Diagnosis rests on isolation of the micro-organism and can be completed by serodiagnosis and intradermal reaction to pasteurelline. The severity of respiratory pasteurellosis depends on the clinical form and the background. The curative treatment is simple and effective as a rule, but prevention is possible and recommended since pasteurellosis is a potentially severe infection.


Subject(s)
Opportunistic Infections/complications , Pasteurella Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bronchitis/etiology , Female , Humans , Lung Abscess/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Pasteurella Infections/diagnosis , Pleurisy/etiology , Pneumonia/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology
8.
Ophthalmologica ; 201(1): 23-7, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2118244

ABSTRACT

Endophthalmitis due to Listeria monocytogenes developed suddenly in a 52-year-old man receiving immunosuppressive therapy for a renal transplantation carried out 2 months previously. The treatment combined low doses of ciclosporin and prednisone. The initial clinical picture was of acute hypertensive uveitis with hypopyon. Despite prompt paracentesis and appropriate antibiotic therapy, the long-term course was unfavorable, and enucleation became necessary. The occurrence of listeriosis is classic in renal-transplant recipients, but no ocular form has been reported hitherto.


Subject(s)
Cyclosporins/adverse effects , Endophthalmitis/etiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/etiology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Listeriosis/etiology , Aqueous Humor/microbiology , Cyclosporins/therapeutic use , Eye Enucleation , Graft Rejection , Humans , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification , Male , Middle Aged , Prednisone/adverse effects , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Visual Acuity
10.
Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr ; 89(4): 581-3, 1989 Apr.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2590970

ABSTRACT

Authors report a Pasteurella Multocida corneal abscess after a scratch from a cat. The evolution was torpid and needed a transfixiant keratoplasty. They recall bacterial tanks, infestation ways, clinical manifestations and bacteriological identification. They note the low occurrence of ophthalmological manifestations and the sensibility of Pasteurella to various antibiotics, especially Beta lactams, phenicol and cyclins.


Subject(s)
Abscess/etiology , Cat-Scratch Disease/complications , Corneal Diseases/etiology , Corneal Injuries , Pasteurella Infections/etiology , Animals , Cats , Child , Humans , Male
12.
Bull Acad Natl Med ; 173(1): 39-46; discussion 46-7, 1989 Jan.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2765988

ABSTRACT

The most recent statistics in France underline a doubly increasing preoccupation: the alarming rise in the frequency of bites by dogs (watchdogs or lapdogs), and the great number of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the bite wounds. During the last three years (1985, 1986, 1987), the Bacteriological Laboratory of Nancy received 390 samples, and 56% of them contained one or more bacteria. These bacteria basically were Pasteurella (61%), but other different species were isolated and identified recently: for example, the bacterial groups EF4, M5, IIj and especially DF2. The clinical feature is usually a wound which, neglected, is suppurating. But the bacteria of the DF2 group lead to general complications, very serious: more than 50 cases of septicemia have been published. In such cases, the notion of underlying pathology is important: alcoholism, cancer, splenectomy. Therefore, this new threat calls for great vigilance: curative treatment with antibiotic therapy adjusted to the isolated and tested bacterium; but, after all bites by a dog, real prophylaxis is systematically essential, with classical actions and antibiotic therapy (betalactamine or cycline) if the organism of the patient is deficient.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/etiology , Bites and Stings/complications , Dogs , Animals , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bites and Stings/microbiology , Humans
15.
Pathol Biol (Paris) ; 36(7): 921-4, 1988 Sep.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3059278

ABSTRACT

The interest of using a reagent strip (Multistix-8 SG, Ames, Miles Laboratories) as a screen for urinary tract infection was evaluated in a clinical study involving several sites and 2,183 adult urine specimens of which 340 were infected. The results are expressed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a negative and positive test. The predictive value of a negative test for nitrites in combination with leucocytes (97.5%) justifies the use of the reagent strip in eliminating non-infected urine.


Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques , Mass Screening/methods , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Reagent Strips , Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control
16.
Biochem J ; 254(3): 927-30, 1988 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2461703

ABSTRACT

The plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL, rho 1.085-1.21 g/ml) of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) have been shown to contain large amounts of apolipoprotein (apo) AI (Mr 28,000) and several other apolipoproteins of Mr less than 14,000 (apo C-like) and of Mr 37,000-38,000, 44,000-45,000 and 53,000-54,000. Comparison of apo AI from trout and human HDL shows them to be similar in Mr and to have some cross-immunoreactivity, whereas apo AII differs in Mr but also possesses common antigenic sites. It is suggested that the major apolipoproteins of fish and human HDL may fulfil similar roles in lipid transport.


Subject(s)
Epitopes/analysis , Lipoproteins, LDL/immunology , Salmonidae/immunology , Trout/immunology , Animals , Apolipoproteins/immunology , Chromatography, Gel , Cross Reactions , Humans , Immunodiffusion
17.
Scand J Gastroenterol ; 23(4): 477-83, 1988 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3289112

ABSTRACT

In this study we prepared a pure apolipoprotein D and obtained a specific antiserum to it. The purified apolipoprotein D migrated as a single band of Mr = 29,000 but appeared as five isoforms on isoelectrofocusing. The antiserum did not cross-react with other apolipoproteins. Immunoenzymatic staining revealed the presence of apolipoprotein D in the perinuclear area of the cytoplasm of isolated normal hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. Apolipoprotein D was also localized in intestinal epithelium and in liver cells. The intracellular distribution of apolipoprotein D was similar to that of apolipoprotein B. Our results indicated that apolipoprotein D, like many other circulating apolipoproteins, is synthesized in enterocytes and hepatocytes.


Subject(s)
Apolipoproteins/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Adult , Apolipoproteins/immunology , Apolipoproteins/isolation & purification , Apolipoproteins D , Humans , Immune Sera , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Intestinal Mucosa/cytology , Liver/cytology
19.
Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac ; 105(2): 143-6, 1988.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3369805

ABSTRACT

Deep tonsillar flora were identified in tonsils removed from 48 patients, children and adults, with chronic tonsillitis and recurrent sore throats or obstructive hypertrophy. Most specimens (38/48) cultured multiple germs (2 to 5 different species) with aerobic and anaerobic Gram+ and Gram-forms, some being beta-lactamase producers. Of the total of 135 strains isolated, 104 were aerobic and 31 anaerobic. The species of aerobic germs most frequently isolated were: Apart from alpha-hemolytic streptococci of undertermined group (38 strains), Haemophilus sp. : 14 (including 3 beta-lactamase + strains), Staphylococcus aureus: 15 (including 11 beta-lactamase + strains), Streptococcus A : 10, Enterobacteriaceae : 6, Neisseria sp. : 8 (including 1 beta-lactamase + strain). And among the anaerobic germs: Peptococcus : 3, Veillonella alc : 10, Fusobacterium nucleatum : 9, Bacteroides melaninogenicus : 6, Other Bacteroides : 2. Of the 127 strains tested, 102 were sensitive to amoxicillin and 121 to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination. The presence of a beta-lactamase producing bacterium in 1 of 3 specimens suggests the risk of failure of treatment with penicillin, prescribed classically for this type of affection.


Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Clavulanic Acids/therapeutic use , Tonsillitis/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Tonsillectomy , Tonsillitis/therapy
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