Diabetes mellitus gestacional: control glucémico durante el embarazo y su relación con los resultados neonatales en embarazos gemelares y de feto único / Gestational diabetes mellitus: glycemic control during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of twin and singleton pregnancies

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del control glucémico de la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) en el peso y las complicaciones de origen metabólico neonatales de embarazos gemelares y de feto único. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluyó gestantes con DMG: 120 embarazos gemelares y 240 embarazos de feto único como controles. Registramos los parámetros de control glucémico durante el embarazo (resultados de la sobrecarga oral de glucosa diagnóstica, tratamiento, insulinización, HbA1c media del tercer trimestre), las complicaciones neonatales y el peso neonatal. Resultados: Los neonatos de embarazos únicos tuvieron mayor índice ponderal fetal (IPF 1,02±0,12 vs. 0,88±0.12, p<0,001) y menor incidencia de pequeños para la edad gestacional grave (2,5% vs. 8,3%, p=0.012). La tasa de neonatos grandes para edad gestacional, macrosómicos y pequeños para la edad gestacional fue similar en ambos grupos. Los recién nacidos de embarazos gemelares tuvieron un mayor riesgo de hipoglucemia: OR ajustada 4,71 (1,38-16,07, p=0,013) y poliglobulia: OR ajustada 10,05 (1,82-55,42, p=0,008). El IPF se correlacionó con la glucosa basal en la sobrecarga oral de glucosa al diagnóstico (r=0,223, p=0,001) y la HbA1c media del tercer trimestre (r=0,199, p=0,003) en los embarazos únicos, pero no en los gemelares (r=0,003, p=0,748; r=0,049, p=0,610; respectivamente). Conclusiones: El riesgo de pequeño para la edad gestacional grave, hipoglucemia y poliglobulia fue mayor en los embarazos gemelares con DMG. Los resultados de peso neonatal y las complicaciones de origen metabólico no se relacionan con el control metabólico materno en los embarazos gemelares

Objective: To assess the impact of glycemic control in gestational on neonatal weight and metabolic complications of twin and singleton pregnancies. Methods: An observational, retrospective study to monitor 120 twin and 240 singleton pregnancies in women with GDM. Maternal glycemic parameters during pregnancy (oral glucose tolerance test results, treatment, insulinization rate, mean HbA1c in the third trimester), and neonatal complications and weight were recorded. Results: A higher infant birth weight ratio (IBWR 1.02±0.12 vs. 0.88±0.12, P<.001) and a lower rate of newborns small for gestational age (severe SGA 2.5% vs. 8.3%, P=.012) were seen after singleton pregnancies as compared to twin pregnancies. The rates of newborns large for gestational age (LGA 12.6% vs. 12.5%, P=.989); macrosomic (6.7% vs. 7.5%, P=.777); or small for gestational age (SGA 6.7% vs. 10.8%, P=.175) were similar in both groups. Neonates from twin pregnancies had a higher risk of hypoglycemia (adjusted OR 4.71; 1.38-16.07, P=.013) and polycythemia (adjusted OR 10.05; 1.82-55.42, P=0.008). A linear relationship was seen between third trimester HbA1c levels and IBWR in singleton (r=.199, P=.003), but not in twin pregnancies (r=0.049, P=0.610). Conclusions: Risk of severe SGA, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia was significantly higher in twin pregnancies of women with GDM. Neonatal weight outcomes and metabolic complications in twin pregnancies of women with GDM were not related to glycemic control. Moreover, in our study population, fasting glucose at diagnosis and mean HbA1c in the third trimester showed a linear relationship with higher birth weights in singleton, but not in twin pregnancies

Gestational diabetes mellitus: glycemic control during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of twin and singleton pregnancies. / Diabetes mellitus gestacional: control glucémico durante el embarazo y su relación con los resultados neonatales en embarazos gemelares y de feto único.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of glycemic control in gestational on neonatal weight and metabolic complications of twin and singleton pregnancies. METHODS: An observational, retrospective study to monitor 120 twin and 240 singleton pregnancies in women with GDM. Maternal glycemic parameters during pregnancy (oral glucose tolerance test results, treatment, insulinization rate, mean HbA1c in the third trimester), and neonatal complications and weight were recorded. RESULTS: A higher infant birth weight ratio (IBWR 1.02±0.12 vs. 0.88±0.12, P<.001) and a lower rate of newborns small for gestational age (severe SGA 2.5% vs. 8.3%, P=.012) were seen after singleton pregnancies as compared to twin pregnancies. The rates of newborns large for gestational age (LGA 12.6% vs. 12.5%, P=.989); macrosomic (6.7% vs. 7.5%, P=.777); or small for gestational age (SGA 6.7% vs. 10.8%, P=.175) were similar in both groups. Neonates from twin pregnancies had a higher risk of hypoglycemia (adjusted OR 4.71; 1.38-16.07, P=.013) and polycythemia (adjusted OR 10.05; 1.82-55.42, P=0.008). A linear relationship was seen between third trimester HbA1c levels and IBWR in singleton (r=.199, P=.003), but not in twin pregnancies (r=0.049, P=0.610). CONCLUSIONS: Risk of severe SGA, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia was significantly higher in twin pregnancies of women with GDM. Neonatal weight outcomes and metabolic complications in twin pregnancies of women with GDM were not related to glycemic control. Moreover, in our study population, fasting glucose at diagnosis and mean HbA1c in the third trimester showed a linear relationship with higher birth weights in singleton, but not in twin pregnancies.