ABSTRACT
This study examined use of control, escape coping, and restructuring responses of survivors among hospital-based nursing staff who had survived significant hospital restructuring and downsizing. Four restructuring responses of survivors proposed by Mishra and Spreitzer in 1998 were considered: hopeful, obliging, cynical, and fearful. Data were collected from 744 nursing staff by questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses indicated greater use of active coping by more hopeful and more obliging survivors and greater use of escape coping by more cynical survivors.
Subject(s)
Hospitals , Personnel Downsizing , Personnel, Hospital/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This study examined the effects on work experience, satisfaction, and psychological well-being when hospital-based nursing staff change nursing units during a period of major health care system and hospital restructuring. Data were collected from 1,362 staff nurses using anonymous questionnaires. Fourteen percent (n = 194) had changed units in the preceding year. Although the effects of changing units were small, staff nurses who had changed units generally reported higher levels of work stressors, less satisfaction, and more negative emotional well-being.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Hospital Restructuring , Hospital Units , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Adult , Female , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Male , Nursing Staff, Hospital/supply & distribution , Personnel Downsizing , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States , Workforce , WorkloadABSTRACT
There has been a recent increase in research devoted to the study of workaholism, specifically concerning issues of definition and measurement. The present investigation examined the test-retest stability of Spence and Robbins' measures of the components of workaholism (1992), one of two measures that has been fairly widely used. These measures were found to be relatively stable in a sample of early-career managers (n = 67) over a 12-wk. period.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Addictive/diagnosis , Compulsive Behavior/diagnosis , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Workload/psychology , Adult , Behavior, Addictive/psychology , Compulsive Behavior/psychology , Female , Humans , Internal-External Control , Job Satisfaction , Male , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of ResultsSubject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude of Health Personnel , Hospital Restructuring/organization & administration , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Burnout, Professional/prevention & control , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Longitudinal Studies , Mental Health , Needs Assessment , Nursing Administration Research , Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration , Ontario , Organizational Innovation , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesABSTRACT
This study examines the extent of stress and burnout experienced by nurses during hospital restructuring. It includes both job-related outcomes such as job satisfaction and burnout, and psychosomatic outcomes such as depression. The study compares effects attributable to number of hospital restructuring initiatives with those attributable to specific work stressors such as workload, bumping (where one nurse replaces another due to greater seniority), and use of unlicensed personnel to do the work of nurses. It also examines the role of personal resources including self-efficacy and coping. Results show that, in hospitals undergoing restructuring, workload is the most significant and consistent predictor of distress in nurses, as manifested in lower job satisfaction, professional efficacy, and job security. Greater workload also contributed to depression, cynicism, and anxiety. The practice of bumping contributed to job insecurity, depression, and anxiety. The results point to specific deleterious effects of hospital restructuring. Implications of the findings are discussed. The extent to which workload issues are managed through appropriate practices can be expected to match the extent of nurses' experience of either job satisfaction or depression and anxiety. Such practices need to be part of an ongoing process of interaction between the hospital administration and nurses.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Hospital Restructuring , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Occupational Health , Personnel Downsizing/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Burnout, Professional/diagnosis , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Burnout, Professional/prevention & control , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/etiology , Depression/psychology , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Models, Psychological , Nursing Methodology Research , Nursing Staff, Hospital/supply & distribution , Ontario , Organizational Innovation , Personnel Staffing and Scheduling/standards , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Self Efficacy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workforce , WorkloadSubject(s)
Hospital Restructuring/organization & administration , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Personnel Downsizing/organization & administration , Personnel Management/methods , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Needs Assessment , Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration , Nursing, Supervisory/organization & administration , Ontario , Personnel Management/standardsABSTRACT
This study examined the relationship of hospital restructuring and downsizing stressors with nursing staff perceptions of hospital effectiveness. The data were obtained in late 1999 from 744 nurses using questionnaires. The findings indicated many significant and independent relationships between restructuring and downsizing stressors and perceptions of hospital effectiveness; in all cases, nursing staff reporting higher levels of restructuring and downsizing stressors also indicated reduced hospital effectiveness. Workload and the effects of staff bumping in delivery of patient care were particularly problematic in this regard.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Hospital Restructuring/organization & administration , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Personnel Downsizing/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Female , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Male , Middle Aged , Nursing Methodology Research , Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration , Ontario , Personnel Downsizing/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care/standards , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workload/psychologyABSTRACT
As restructuring and downsizing occur throughout the workplace, many individuals are either losing their jobs or experiencing job insecurity. The study of downsizing is particularly important within the healthcare system where hospital mergers and closings, and severe cutbacks, have dramatically reduced healthcare services. Since nurses are the largest group employed by hospitals, they are the most likely to be affected by recent cutbacks. All this leads to the conclusion that a measure of the impact of restructuring is needed. This study reports on the Impact of Restructuring Scale--a new scale containing acceptable psychometric properties--that quantifies the effects of restructuring on organizations and individuals. The scale was applied to a sample of 1,363 nurses employed in hospitals undergoing restructuring and downsizing. The nurses returned a self-report questionnaire in which they reported their reactions to hospital restructuring and to specific job stressors.
Subject(s)
Hospital Restructuring , Budgets , Canada , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Personnel Downsizing , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This study examined the role played by two personal resources, job mobility options and financial resources, among nursing staff during a period of major hospital restructuring and downsizing. Data were collected from 1362 staff nurses using questionnaires. Personal resources were hypothesized to have direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction and psychological well-being in a model of hospital restructuring and its effects. The model included four variables: extent of hospital restructuring, future threats to the workplace, job satisfaction, and psychosomatic symptoms. LISREL analyses indicated that financial resources reduced perceptions of future workplace threats and psychosomatic symptoms while job mobility options were associated with higher levels of job satisfaction.
Subject(s)
Hospital Restructuring , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Personnel Administration, Hospital , Career Mobility , Humans , Interprofessional Relations , Job Satisfaction , Occupational Health , Psychophysiologic Disorders/epidemiology , Specialties, Nursing , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States/epidemiology , Workforce , Workplace/psychologyABSTRACT
Abstract This study examined work-family conflict, family-work conflict and psychological burnout among nursing staff during a time of hospital restructuring and downsizing. Data were collected from 686 hospital-based nurses, the vast majority women. Nurses reported significantly greater work-family conflict than family-work conflict. Personal demographics but not downsizing and restructuring stressors predicted family-work conflict; downsizing and restructuring stressors but not personal demographics predicted work-family conflict. Restructuring stressors and both work-family conflict and family-work conflict were associated with higher levels of psychological burnout.
ABSTRACT
This research examined career priority patterns among samples of managerial and professional women in Bulgaria, Canada, Norway, and Singapore. Data were collected using questionnaires. Women in all four countries shared similar career priority patterns, endorsing patterns that combined both career and family.
Subject(s)
Career Mobility , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Women, Working/psychology , Adult , Family , Female , Gender Identity , HumansABSTRACT
This study compared workaholism components and workaholic behaviors of managers currently divorced or currently married. Data were collected using anonymous questionnaires from 530 women and men. 44 divorced and 415 still-married managers indicated similar workaholism and workaholic behaviors.
Subject(s)
Divorce/psychology , Obsessive Behavior/psychology , Workload/psychology , Adult , Female , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Male , Obsessive Behavior/diagnosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
This study examined the effects of hospital restructuring and downsizing on full-time and part-time nursing staff. Data were collected from 1362 nursing staff, a 35% response rate, using anonymous questionnaires. Measures included personal and situational characteristics, hospital restructuring and downsizing variables, work outcomes and psychological well-being indicators, and work-family experiences. Although full and part-time nurses were significantly different on most personal and demographic characteristics, both groups experienced and described hospital restructuring and downsizing similarly. Full-time nurses reported greater emotional exhaustion and poorer health and indicated greater absenteeism and lower intention to quit.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Hospital Restructuring , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Personnel Downsizing , Personnel Management , Adult , Burnout, Professional , Communication , Family Characteristics , Female , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Male , Middle Aged , Ontario , Social SupportABSTRACT
The health care sector has undergone significant change during the past decade as hospitals struggle to provide the same service with fewer resources. This study examined perceptions of hospital restructuring and downsizing and their effects on nursing staff as a function of years in nursing. Data were obtained from 1,362 staff nurses by questionnaire. Nursing staff having less tenure generally described and responded to hospital restructuring and downsizing in more negative terms. Nursing staff having less tenure were in better health, reflecting their younger age. Some implications for hospital administration and the nursing profession are raised. Entrants to hospital-based nursing staff positions are the life blood of the profession. Their reactions to hospital restructuring and downsizing may influence their commitment to nursing as well as hospital functioning. The profession may have difficulty attracting young women and men into nursing programs. As longer tenured nursing staff retire, a potential shortage of nurses may result.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Hospital Restructuring , Nursing Staff, Hospital/supply & distribution , Personnel Downsizing/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Ontario , Students, Nursing/statistics & numerical data , WorkforceABSTRACT
This study examined the effects of sex, parental status, and spouse's work involvement on measures of work-family experiences. Data were collected from women and men employed in similar jobs at the same organizational level in a large professional services firm using anonymously completed questionnaires. A response rate of 70% was achieved. Spouses of men worked fewer hours per week than the men did; spouses of women worked more hours per week than the women did. The effects of three independent variables (sex, presence of children, hours worked by spouse) were considered simultaneously. Each had independent and significant relationships with a majority of the work-family and work outcome measures. Implications for organizations are drawn to address the increasing priority of balancing work and family commitments in dual-career couples.
Subject(s)
Gender Identity , Job Satisfaction , Parenting/psychology , Adult , Canada , Career Choice , Child , Female , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Job Satisfaction , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Adult , Family , Female , Humans , Male , Ontario , WorkplaceABSTRACT
This study examined work and family conflict, spouse support, and nursing staff well-being during a time of hospital restructuring and downsizing. Data were collected from 686 hospital-based nurses, the vast majority (97%) women. Nurses reported significantly greater work-family conflict than family-work conflict. Personal demographic but not downsizing and restructuring variables predicted family-work conflict; downsizing and restructuring variables but not personal demographics predicted work-family conflict. Spouse support had no effect on work-family conflict but reduced family-work conflict. Both work-family conflict and family-work conflict were associated with less work satisfaction and greater psychological distress.
Subject(s)
Hospital Restructuring , Job Satisfaction , Nursing Staff , Stress, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Family Health , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Social Support , Spouses/psychologyABSTRACT
This study investigated work status congruence and work-family experiences among nursing staff. Data were collected from 1362 hospital-based nurses using anonymous questionnaires. Nurses indicated whether they were currently working full-time or part-time and whether they preferred to work full-time or part-time. Four work status groups were then compared. There were considerable demographic differences among the four work status groups. Nursing staff having congruent work status were generally more satisfied with their families and reported lower levels of work-family conflict. The two work status incongruent groups of nurses were found to have different correlates and consequences.
Subject(s)
Conflict, Psychological , Family/psychology , Job Satisfaction , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Women, Working/psychology , Workload , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nursing Staff, Hospital/supply & distribution , Ontario , Personnel Staffing and Scheduling , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Burnout over time in teachers in examined in this study using the three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Lack of Personal Accomplishment. Measures were obtained twice, one year apart. LISREL structural equation analysis was used to test a model which predicted specified relationships among burnout components from time one to time two. Results showed that burnout components were consistent over time. Additional data suggest that one of the burnout components, emotional exhaustion, is a mediator between environmental demands and other burnout components.
