ABSTRACT
The specific features of responses of the sympathoadrenal system during its activation by graded exercise (E), including that along with anaprilin induced blockade of beta-adrenoceptors, were determined from the urinary excretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and dioxyphenylalanine in 54 healthy males and 22 patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis concurrent with Functional Class I-II angina pectoris on effort. E caused hyperreactivity of the sympathoadrenal system, as appeared as significantly greater increases in the levels of catecholamines and their precursors in the patients than in the healthy persons. A single anaprilin dose of 40 mg abolished the responsiveness to exercise and improved its tolerance. The revealed features of sympathoadrenal responsiveness to exercise with and without anaprilin suggest that the patients with coronary heart disease have sympathoadrenal dysfunction, which shows one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the cardioprotective effect of beta-adrenoblockers in this disease.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Glands/drug effects , Myocardial Ischemia/drug therapy , Physical Exertion/drug effects , Propranolol/pharmacology , Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects , Adrenal Glands/physiology , Adult , Angina Pectoris/drug therapy , Angina Pectoris/physiopathology , Angina Pectoris/urine , Catecholamines/urine , Exercise Test , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology , Myocardial Ischemia/urine , Physical Exertion/physiology , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The influence of sunflower and olive oils and their combination with cholesterol on the activity of lysosomal hydrolases and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the mucosa of the mouth and jejunum was studied. It was shown that in the presence of cholesterol in the oral mucosa the activity of N-acetylhexosaminidase increased and there was a tendency to decreasing cathepsin D and acetyl esterase activity, and LPO processes were found to be suppressed. Cathepsin D and B activities in the jejunum mucosa increased in response to cholesterol administration. The changes revealed in the activities of N-acetylhexosaminidase, proteinase, acetyl esterase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the oral mucosa, as well as cathepsins in the jejunum depend on the character of lipid additives.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol, Dietary/pharmacology , Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology , Jejunum/enzymology , Mouth Mucosa/enzymology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Animals , Cathepsins/metabolism , Dietary Fats/pharmacology , Hydrolases/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Jejunum/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation , Lysosomes/enzymology , Male , Mouth Mucosa/metabolism , RatsABSTRACT
The study was undertaken to examine 68 healthy males and 34 patients with Functional Class I coronary heart disease. The insulin test (fasting intravenous simple insulin, 0.15 U/kg body weight, was given in the morning) was performed. The study was conducted in 3 stages: 1) before, 2) 30 min, and 3) 2 hr after insulin administration. Examination of glycemia and gas exchange revealed changes resulting in impaired energy supply of the body in CHD. In CHD patients, the enhanced glucose uptake after insulin was followed by abnormalities both in aerobic and anaerobic glucose oxidation. The insulin test detected the signs of excessive overtension and diminished reserve potentialities of the sympathetic adrenal system early in CHD.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrate Metabolism , Coronary Disease/metabolism , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Insulin , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Adult , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Glucose/metabolism , Glycolysis/drug effects , Glycolysis/physiology , Humans , Lactates/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Pyruvates/metabolismABSTRACT
In rats receiving a protein-poor diet for 60 days (4% caloric share of casein) the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl glucose aminidase, acid proteinases, acid phosphatase, acetyl estherase, catalase, glutathione reductase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the oral cavity mucosa. The authors observed the significant increase in MAO activity, and decrease in activities of beta-N-acetyl glucose aminidase, acetyl estherase, catalase, glutathione reductase, increased MDA contents. The changes in enzymatic activities had, to a several extent, an adaptive nature and were related to their reduced biosynthesis.
Subject(s)
Mouth Mucosa/enzymology , Protein Deficiency/enzymology , Animals , Caseins/administration & dosage , Lysosomes/enzymology , Male , Microsomes/enzymology , RatsSubject(s)
Bone Marrow/drug effects , Chromosome Aberrations , Cyclophosphamide/toxicity , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis , Cytochrome b Group/biosynthesis , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Mutation , Phenobarbital/pharmacology , Animals , Bone Marrow/ultrastructure , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/antagonists & inhibitors , Cytochromes b5 , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Induction/drug effects , Male , Phenobarbital/administration & dosage , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Random bred male rats were given drinking water with phenobarbital (PB) (daily doses 0.4; 2 and 10 mg/kg) during 120 days. Activity of mixed function of oxygenases (content of cytochromes P-450) were enhanced after PB treatment in doses 2 and 10 mg/kg. Following PB treatment the animals were injected 5-times ethyleneimine derivate--fotrin at the doses 2, 4 and 7 mg/kg. The induction of mixed function of oxygenases resulted in significant decrease in the number of cells with chromosome aberrations.
Subject(s)
Aziridines/pharmacology , Azirines/pharmacology , Mixed Function Oxygenases/biosynthesis , Mutagens/pharmacology , Phenobarbital/pharmacology , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow/ultrastructure , Chromosome Aberrations , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis , Enzyme Induction/drug effects , Male , RatsABSTRACT
Functional state of enzymatic systems in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum was studied. Content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 as well as activities of UDP-glucuronyl transferase, glucose-6-phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, acetylesterase, inosine-5-diphosphatase were evaluated after permanent administration of nitrosodimethylamine within 2, 5 and 10 months at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/l. Content of the cancerogene active metabolites in liver cells was shown to be responsible for impairment of the functional state of microsomal enzymatic systems and was also related to intensity and duration of the nitrosodimethylamine effect. The level of these cancerogene metabolites in liver cells depended on rates of the cancerogene oxidation in the monooxygenase system and elimination of active products. At the same time, the rate of nitrosodimethylamine metabolism correlated with the doses of the substance administered into rats.
Subject(s)
Dimethylnitrosamine/toxicity , Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology , Liver/enzymology , Acetylesterase/metabolism , Animals , Cytochromes/metabolism , Dimethylnitrosamine/pharmacokinetics , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects , Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism , Glucuronidase/metabolism , Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Male , RatsSubject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Cyclophosphamide/toxicity , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Mixed Function Oxygenases/biosynthesis , Animals , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis , Cytochrome b Group/biosynthesis , Cytochromes b5 , Enzyme Induction , Female , Phenobarbital/pharmacology , RatsABSTRACT
The effect of phenobarbital (PB, 2 and 80 mg/kg, 3 intraperitoneal injections) on the rate of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of rats induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CP) in a dose of 25 mg/kg was studied. Activity of mixed function oxygenase (MFO) was evaluated from the content of cytochrome P450, b5 and activity of aniline hydroxylase. The rate of the cells with chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow after combined action of PB and CP did not depend on the PB dose and was significantly higher as compared with CP action alone. After injection of 2 mg/kg, PB activity of MFO did not differ from that in control and increased 2 times after 80 mg/kg. Combined action of PB and CP did not induce any significant changes in activity of MFO compared with PB alone.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology , Phenobarbital/pharmacology , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow/enzymology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Induction/drug effects , Male , Metaphase/drug effects , Mixed Function Oxygenases/biosynthesis , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The authors studied combined effect of aniline (20 mg/kg for a period of 4 weeks in drinking water) and nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (30 mg/kg, a single intragastric dose) on the activity of enzymes of different subcellular structures: endoplasmic reticulum (cytochromes P450, B5, acetylesterase), mitochondria (malate dehydrogenase) and the content of N-acetylneuraminic acid in rat liver and of lysosomes (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase). The combined action of NDMA and aniline was accompanied by more pronounced changes in the indices under investigation than isolated administration of the given chemical substances. The most pronounced aggravation of the unfavourable changes was observed in the activity of enzymes connected with the processes of oxidation and energy supply to the cell (malate dehydrogenase) and the metabolism of glucuronides (beta-glucuronidase) as well as in the content of N-acetylneuraminic acid. This may be connected with the modifying effect of aniline on the toxic effect of NDMA.
Subject(s)
Aniline Compounds/pharmacology , Dimethylnitrosamine/pharmacology , Lysosomes/enzymology , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Acetylesterase/metabolism , Animals , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Glucuronidase/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Liver/metabolism , Liver/ultrastructure , Malate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Male , Rats , Sialic Acids/metabolism , beta-Galactosidase/metabolismSubject(s)
Enzymes/metabolism , Metals/toxicity , Testicular Diseases/chemically induced , Animals , Male , Organ Specificity , RatsABSTRACT
Two methods of preparation of isolated rat liver cells were studied. In the first method, the dissociative effect of enzymes and mechanical treatment and Hanks' solution as isolation medium were used. In the second method, enzymes were replaced by compexon-ethylenediamine tetraacetate and Hanks' solution -- by 0.25 M sucrose. The cells obtained by the second method are able of oxidative phosphorylation and keep better NAD-H-cytochrom c-reductase. The fine structure of these cells revealed by means of electron microscopy analysis was well preserved.