ABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic infectious disease with a severe impact on humans and animals. Infection is transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The dogs are main reservoir for human infection. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis is essential for an efficient surveillance program. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test based on functionalized colored particles and a new recombinant antigenic protein, as a visual "in situ" method for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. The results were evaluated using an in-house ELISA assay with the same antigen. Both tests produced concordant results and the immunochromatographic strip test showed good diagnostic sensitivity (98%) and specificity (95%). Finally, meta-analysis was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the here developed test with the results of commercial immunochromatographic strip tests obtained from literature.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Dogs , Animals , Humans , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Microspheres , Antigens, Protozoan , Immunoassay/veterinary , Immunoassay/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem worldwide. The early diagnosis in dogs is crucial, since they are an epidemiologically relevant reservoir of the disease. The aim of a field study is to early identify the disease allowing rapid intervention to reduce its effects. We propose an immunoagglutination test as a visual in situ method for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Latex-protein complexes were sensitized by covalent coupling of a chimeric recombinant antigen of Leishmania spp. onto polystyrene latex with carboxyl functionality. The reaction time and the antigen concentration under which the immunoagglutination assay shows greater discrimination between the responses of a positive control serum and a negative control serum were determined. Then, the latex-protein complexes were evaluated as a visual diagnostic tool with a panel of 170 sera. The test may be read between 2 and 5 min and can be performed even using sera with elevated concentration of lipids, bilirubin or with variable percentage of hemolysis. The sensitivity, the specificity and the diagnostic accuracy were 78%; 100% and >80%, respectively. The visual immunoagglutination test is of potential application as a method for field studies because it shows results in less than 5 min, it is easy to implement and does not require sophisticated equipment.
