Spirocercosis and Parvovirus in an Imported Dog: Implications for Biosecurity and Foreign Infectious Disease Risk.

Increased international travel and importation of animals brings with it the potential for spread of infectious diseases. This report details a case in which an 8-month-old male mixed breed dog died shortly after arrival to the United States from complications secondary to spirocercosis, despite having been deemed healthy and approved for international travel. Four weeks following arrival, the dog developed mild tachypnea and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed moderate pyrexia with generalized cerebellar ataxia, moderate anemia, a mature neutrophilia, and severe panhypoproteinemia. Packed red blood cells were administered. The dog was diagnosed with pyothorax and decompensated with septic shock shortly thereafter. Necropsy revealed severe transmural esophagitis with intralesional Spirocerca lupi. Evaluation of the brain revealed cerebellar hypoplasia, and polymerase chain reaction of brain tissue was positive for canine parvovirus. Despite receiving a clean bill of health in its country of origin, this patient ultimately had evidence of 2 different infectious processes that pre-dated its arrival into the United States. While neither of these diseases posed a significant public health risk, this case highlights the role veterinarians play before and after international travel as important barriers against the spread of exotic diseases, and emphasizes that maintaining vigilance is paramount to that task.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

A Retrospective Study of Pathology in Bats Submitted to an Exotic and Zoo Animal Diagnostic Service in Georgia, USA (2008-2019).

Pathology records of bats submitted to the University of Georgia from managed care settings were reviewed to identify naturally occurring diseases. Fifty-nine cases were evaluated during an 11-year period (2008-2019), including representatives from four families: Pteropodidae (Yinpterochiroptera), Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae (Yangochiroptera). Pathology reports were reviewed to determine the primary pathological process resulting in death or the decision to euthanize. Cases were categorized as non-infectious (34/59; 58%), infectious/inflammatory (17/59; 29%) or undetermined due to advanced autolysis (8/59; 14%). Musculoskeletal diseases and reproductive losses were the most frequent pathological processes. Among the infectious processes identified, bacterial infections of the reproductive and haemolymphatic systems were most frequently observed. The first two reports of neoplasia in small flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus) are described. Bats under managed care present with a wide range of histopathological lesions. In this cohort, non-infectious disease processes were common.

Diagnosis of Collagen Type III Glomerulopathy Using Picrosirius Red and PASH/Masson's Trichrome Stain.

Canine collagen type III glomerulopathy (Col3GP) is a rare juvenile nephropathy in which irregular type III collagen fibrils and fibronectin accumulate in glomerular capillary walls and the mesangium. Necropsy findings were reviewed from 5 puppies diagnosed with Col3GP at 6 to 18 weeks of age. Histologically, with hematoxylin and eosin stain, the glomerular capillary walls and mesangium were diffusely and globally expanded by homogeneous pale eosinophilic material. Ultrastructurally, the subendothelial zone and mesangium were expanded by fibronectin and cross-banded collagen type III fibrils, diagnostic of Col3GP. Two additional stains were employed to identify the material within glomeruli as fibrillar collagen using light microscopy. In all 5 cases, the material was red with picrosirius red and birefringent under polarized light, and was blue with periodic acid-Schiff/hematoxylin/trichrome (PASH/TRI), thereby identifying it as fibrillar collagen. Based on these unique staining characteristics with picrosirius red and PASH/TRI, Col3GP may be reliably diagnosed with light microscopy alone.

Whole genome sequencing confirms source of pathogens associated with bacterial foodborne illness in pets fed raw pet food.

Reports of raw meat pet food containing zoonotic foodborne bacteria, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, are increasing. Contaminated raw pet food and biological waste from pets consuming those diets may pose a public health risk. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network conducted 2 case investigations, involving 3 households with animal illnesses, which included medical record review, dietary and environmental exposure interviews, animal sample testing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of bacteria isolated from the pets and the raw pet food. For each case investigation, WGS with core genome multi-locus sequence typing analysis showed that the animal clinical isolates were closely related to one or more raw pet food bacterial isolates. WGS and genomic analysis of paired animal clinical and animal food isolates can confirm suspected outbreaks of animal foodborne illness.

Actinomadura vinacea isolated from a nonhealing cutaneous wound in a cat.

A 6-year-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat was presented to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital for a 3-year history of a nonhealing wound on the right tarsus. The wound temporarily resolved with medical management, but intermittently recurred when antimicrobials were discontinued. At presentation, the wound had become refractory to antimicrobial therapy. Physical examination revealed a 1 cm diameter crust along the medial aspect of the right tarsus. Proximal to the crust, were 2 non-painful, fluctuant swollen areas that were free of drainage. Cytologic evaluation revealed atypical granulated cells, and a mesenchymal neoplasm was interpreted as a top differential diagnosis. Histopathology revealed marked, chronic, multifocal, pyogranulomatous dermatitis with abundant intralesional colonies of gram-positive, acid-fast-negative, filamentous bacteria. PCR and sequencing confirmed the infection to be caused by Actinomadura vinacea.

Cardiac mesothelial papillary hyperplasia in four dogs.

Mesothelial papillary hyperplasia (MPH) has been described as an incidental finding on the epicardial surface of clinically normal laboratory Beagle dogs. We describe MPH in 4 dogs diagnosed with acute cardiac tamponade (1 case) or chronic cardiac disease (3 cases). Cardiac MPH appeared as distinct, soft, irregular villous plaques on the epicardial surface of the auricles and occasionally the ventricles. Histologically, areas of MPH were composed of multiple papillary fronds arising from the epicardial surface and projecting into the pericardial space. Fronds were covered by cuboidal and occasionally vacuolated mesothelial cells and were supported by loose fibrovascular stroma with various degrees of edema and inflammation. Although these may represent incidental findings with no clinical significance, the gross appearance warrants differentiation from other conditions. Additional insight into the pathogenesis of MPH is needed to fully understand its significance in the face of concurrent cardiac disease.

MANDIBULAR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN A BOBCAT (LYNX RUFUS).

A 23-yr-old female spayed bobcat (Lynx rufus) presented with a 1-wk history of hypersalivation. On examination, the right mandible was markedly thickened, the right mandibular dental arcade was missing, and the oral mucosa over the right mandible was ulcerated and thickened. Skull radiographs and fine needle aspirate cytology were supportive of squamous cell carcinoma. The bobcat was euthanized as a result of its poor prognosis. Necropsy confirmed a diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a bobcat.