ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by pulmonary infection ranging from asymptomatic forms to respiratory insufficiency and death. Evidence of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is increasing, and systemic inflammation or direct heart damage by SARS-CoV-2 can prolong the corrected QT interval (QTc). METHODS: In this observational study, a total of 333 consecutive patients admitted to the Covid Center of Verona University Hospital from November 2020 to April 2021 were included. Patients with bundle branch block, pacemaker-controlled heart rhythm and heart rate >120 beats/min were excluded. A complete electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed at admission, and QTc values of ≥440 ms for males and ≥460 ms for females were considered prolonged. RESULTS: Overall, 153 patients had prolonged QTc (45.5%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex (odds ratio (OR)=6.612, p=0.046), troponin (OR=1.04, p=0.015) and lymphocyte count (OR=3.047, p=0.019) were independently associated with QTc prolongation. Multivariate logistic regression showed that QTc was independently associated with mortality (OR=4.598, p=0.036). Age, sex, the ratio between the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (P/F), and fibrosis-4 index for liver fibrosis (FIB-4) were also independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: QTc interval prolongation appears to be a frequent finding in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, prolonged QTc may be predictive of more severe forms of COVID-19 and worse outcome.
ABSTRACT
Although hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide, it remains difficult to control. The prevalence of uncontrolled and resistant hypertension (RH) may be underestimated and can reach up to 50% of all hypertensive patients. The aim of this observational study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension and RH, and their associations with risk factors or diseases in a large cohort of patients referred to primary care physician. In a population of 228406 adults, we only collected data from people with a diagnosis of arterial hypertension for a total of 43,526 patients. For this purpose, we used the MySQL database, run by Azalea.NET, built on the medical records of 150 General Practitioners (GPs). Patient data included sex, age, blood pressure (BP) values, number of antihypertensive drugs and presence of major cardiovascular comorbidities. We classified patients with RH as those treated with 3 different antihypertensive agents, with recorded BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg, or patients taking ≥ 4 medications. The prevalence of hypertension was 19.06%, that of resistant hypertension was 2.46% of the whole population and 20.85% of the hypertensive group. Thirteen thousand hundred, forty-six patients (30.20% of the hypertensive group) had uncontrolled BP (≥ 140/90 mmHg), whereas 16,577 patients did not have BP measurements done in the last 2 years (38.09% of the hypertensive group). Patients with uncontrolled BP were mainly female, used less drugs and showed a lower prevalence of all major cardiovascular comorbidities, except for diabetes. Instead, patients with RH had a significantly higher prevalence of all considered comorbidities compared to those without RH. Our results evidence that a broad number of patients with hypertension, especially those without comorbidities or with a low number of antihypertensive drugs, do not achieve adequate BP control. To improve the clinical management of these patients it is very important to increase the collaboration between GPs and clinical specialists of hypertension.
