Behind Shield Blunt Trauma: Characterizing the Back-Face Deformation of Shields with a Focus on Upper Limb Loading.

Shield back-face deformation (BFD) is the result of composite ballistic shields deflecting or absorbing a projectile's energy and deforming towards the user. BFD can result in localized loading to the upper extremity, where the shield is secured to the user. An augmented anthropomorphic test device upper extremity was used to quantify this applied load. Four locations along the upper extremity were tested-the hand, wrist, forearm, and elbow-for investigating differing boundary conditions and their effect on resultant load. Varying stand-off distances, the distance between the back of the shield and the force sensor, were investigated. Digital image correlation was also conducted to measure the dynamic displacement of the shield. The mean peak back-face velocity of the shield was 208.4 ± 38.8 m/s, while the average affected area was 1505 ± 158.3 mm2. Impulse was not significantly affected by anatomical location for the same stand-off distance; however, as stand-off distance decreased, the measured force significantly increased (p < 0.05). Notably, impact duration did not differ significantly for any of the impact scenarios. This is the first step in developing injury criteria for this region resulting from behind shield blunt trauma, and these data will be used for developing injury thresholds in post-mortem human surrogates.

Attachment of the rectovaginal septum to the pelvic sidewall.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the lateral attachment of the rectovaginal fascia to the pelvic sidewall. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study was performed with use of 10 embalmed female cadaveric pelves, each sectioned in the midsagittal plane. The lateral attachments of the pubocervical fascia and the rectovaginal fascia to the pelvic sidewall were examined. RESULTS: The rectovaginal fascia attaches to the pelvic sidewall along a well-defined line. It extends from the perineal body toward the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis with which it converges approximately midway between the pubis and the ischial spine to form a y configuration. This point of convergence occurs an average of 4.8 cm from the ischial spine, 3.75 cm from the pubic symphysis, and 4.15 cm from the posterior fourchette. CONCLUSION: The rectovaginal fascia supports the posterior compartment analogous to the pubocervical fascia in the anterior compartment. Moreover, landmarks are identified that will aid suture placement during repair of posterior compartment defects.

Vabra aspirator and pipelle endometrial suction curette. A comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Pipelle suction curette with the Vabra aspirating catheter in terms of their ability to obtain a sufficient amount of tissue (> or = 1 mm2 of endometrium) in order to make a histologic diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, which serves as the clinical staff of the Dartmouth Medical School. RESULTS: Agreement between the Pipelle and Vabra was high: 74 of 79 (93.7%) samples. The Pipelle obtained adequate samples in 78 of 79 (98.7%) cases as compared with 75 of 79 (94.9%) for the Vabra. The McNemar test comparing these two proportions, adjusting for the fact that the Pipelle and Vabra readings were taken on the same subjects at the same visits, yielded a nonsignificant result (P = .180). CONCLUSION: The Pipelle and Vabra have equal diagnostic accuracy.