Outcomes of lensectomy with glued intraocular lens and factors associated with failure in eyes with spherophakia and glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of lensectomy with a glued intraocular lens (IOL) in spherophakic eyes with secondary glaucoma and assess factors associated with failure. Methods: We prospectively evaluated outcomes of lensectomy with glued IOL in 19 eyes with spherophakia and secondary glaucoma (intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥22 mm Hg and/or glaucomatous optic disc damage) between 2016 and 2018. The vision, refractive error, IOP, antiglaucoma medications (AGMs), optic disc changes, need for glaucoma surgery, and complications were assessed. Success was defined as complete when IOP was ≥5 and ≤21 mmHg without AGMs; qualified success as similar IOP with up to 3 AGM; the need for >3AGM/additional surgery for IOP control was considered a failure. Results: Preoperatively, the median (interquartile range: IQR) age was 18 (13.5-30) years. IOP was 16 (14-22.5) mmHg on a median of 3 (2,3) AGMs. Median postoperative follow up was 27.7 months (11.9, 39.7). Postsurgery, most patients achieved emmetropia, with significantly decreased refractive error from a median spherical equivalent of -12.5D to + 0.5D, P < 0.0002. The complete success probability was 47% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 29-76%) at 3 months and was 21% (8 - 50%) at 1 year and 3 years. The qualified success probability was 93% (82-100%) at 1 year, which reduced to 79% (60-100%) in 3 years. None of the eyes had any retinal complications. The higher number of preoperative AGM was found to be a significant risk factor (p < 0.02) for the failure of complete success. Conclusion: One-third of the eyes had IOP control without the need for AGM postlensectomy with glued IOL. Surgery resulted in significant improvement in visual acuity. The higher number of preoperative AGM was associated with poor glaucoma control after glued IOL surgery.

Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Intraocular Pressure in Patients Undergoing Glaucoma Surgery Under Local Anesthesia: A Pilot Study.

PRECIS: Preoperative intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine produced a 33% reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) within 15 minutes of administration in patients with glaucoma. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of preoperative IV dexmedetomidine on IOP in adult patients undergoing glaucoma surgery under local anesthesia. METHODS: In a prospective interventional case series, 12 patients with uncontrolled IOP (IOP>24 mm Hg in both the eyes) with the systemic status of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-II, received IV dexmedetomidine 0.6 µg/kg 30 minutes preoperatively. The IOP of the nonsurgical eye (measured with Perkins tonometer), the heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were recorded 5 minutes prior, 15 minutes and 2 hours after IV dexmedetomidine administration, and were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests. RESULTS: There were 4 women and 8 men with a mean age (±SD) of 60.6±10.4 years. The mean number of antiglaucoma medications was 4.3±1.3. The mean pre-dexmedetomidine IOP was 31.5±5.6 mm Hg. At 15 minutes post-dexmedetomidine administration, the mean and percentage drop in IOP were 10.2±3.2 mm Hg (P=0.001) and 33%±11%, respectively. The mean and percentage drop in systolic BP were 18±20 mm Hg (P=0.01) and 12%±14%, and drop in diastolic BP were 6.5±10 mm Hg (P=0.05) and 7%±11%, respectively. The mean and percentage drop in HR were 2±0.6 bpm (P=0.48) and 2%±13%, respectively. None of the subjects experienced any medication-related adverse effects. At 2 hours, the mean and percentage drop in IOP were 5.3±3 mm Hg and 17%±11%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the small sample of (ASA I-II) patients studied, preoperative dexmedetomidine produced a significant drop in IOP (33%) within 15 minutes of IV administration in patients with glaucoma that was reversing at 2 hours, with a good safety profile.