ABSTRACT
The incidence and prevalence of fungal infections in Russia is unknown. We estimated the burden of fungal infections in Russia according to the methodology of the LIFE program (www.LIFE-worldwide.org). The total number of patients with serious and chronic mycoses in Russia in 2011 was three million. Most of these patients (2,607,494) had superficial fungal infections (recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, oral and oesophageal candidiasis with HIV infection and tinea capitis). Invasive and chronic fungal infections (invasive candidiasis, invasive and chronic aspergillosis, cryptococcal meningitis, mucormycosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia) affected 69,331 patients. The total number of adults with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation was 406,082.
Subject(s)
Mycoses/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Adult , Aspergillosis/epidemiology , Aspergillosis/microbiology , Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/epidemiology , Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/microbiology , Candidiasis/epidemiology , Candidiasis/microbiology , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/epidemiology , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/microbiology , Cost of Illness , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/microbiology , Humans , Incidence , Male , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Cryptococcal/microbiology , Mucormycosis/epidemiology , Mucormycosis/microbiology , Mycoses/complications , Mycoses/microbiology , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/microbiology , Prevalence , Russia/epidemiology , Tinea Capitis/epidemiology , Tinea Capitis/microbiologyABSTRACT
The review gives data on prospects for using agents based on probiotics and trace elements for immunomodulation. It presents information on that a Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus 35-based probiotic is able to reduce the incidence and severity of viral and bacterial infections. The potential of zinc and selenium as immunotropic agents is shown.
