ABSTRACT
Comparative analysis of relationships between individual peculiarities of the structure of nephrons in intact and hydronephrotic right rabbit kidneys, on one hand, and the degree of expression of nephrotoxicity of gentamicin with respect to the only intact and as well hydronephrotic left kidney, on the other hand, was undertaken. Damage of the kidney by this antibiotic is more expressed in rabbits with smaller diameter of distal convoluted tubules of nephrons and smaller size of the cells lining their lumen. These peculiarities of the structure of nephrons lead to predisposition to the gentamicin-induced nephropathy in intact rabbits to a higher degree than in animals with hydronephrosis. The method of predicting individual predisposition to gentamicin-induced nephropathy has been patented (No. 7722 of 13.10.2005).
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Gentamicins/adverse effects , Hydronephrosis/chemically induced , Hydronephrosis/pathology , Nephrons/pathology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gentamicins/pharmacology , Hydronephrosis/physiopathology , Male , Nephrons/physiopathology , RabbitsABSTRACT
A new methodological approach capable of revealing factors responsible for the susceptibility of rat liver to ethanol hepatotoxicity has been developed. Using the correlation, dispersion, iteration, multifactor regression, and canonical analyses, a relation was established between the initial state of the liver antioxidant system and the character and degree of the subsequent ethanol-induced damage. In particular, it was found that intact animals with initially low level of reduced glutathione and retinols in the liver, as well as those with enzymopathy of cytosol HDNB-glutathione-8-transferase, are more susceptible to the ethanol liver damage.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Ethanol/toxicity , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Animals , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Glutathione/metabolism , Hepatectomy , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/genetics , Male , Oxidation-Reduction , Rats , Vitamin A/metabolismABSTRACT
Six days after local exposure of the rat liver (during operation) to ultrasound (2 W/cm2, 1 min), the cytochrome P-450 content in the microsomal fraction reduced, and the rate of NADPH oxidation, the NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity, ethylmorphine demethylation and aniline hydroxylation decreased in 12 days the activity of NADPH-cytochrome b5 reductase and cytosol sulfobromophthalein-glutathione-S-transferase also reduced. Heparin administration (250 U/kg i.m. every other day 3 and 6 times) had an enzyme-activating effect (particularly in the late-term restoration period) in animals which had been exposed to ultrasound.
Subject(s)
Glucuronosyltransferase/drug effects , Glutathione Transferase/drug effects , Heparin/pharmacology , Liver/injuries , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Ultrasonics/adverse effects , Animals , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Male , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Content of main products of lipid peroxidation and hemoglobin affinity to oxygen were determined in mixed venous blood of rabbits during pyrogenal fever. Their relationships were studied on the basis of the factor analysis. The model of group structure of these parameters was obtained. It confirms the inducing influence of the rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve on the processes of free-radical lipid oxidation.
Subject(s)
Fever/blood , Lipid Peroxidation , Oxygen/blood , Acid-Base Equilibrium/drug effects , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Fever/chemically induced , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lipopolysaccharides , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Partial Pressure , Pyrogens , Rabbits , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Five-year survival cumulative results have been used to assess the efficacy of treatment for locally extended carcinoma of the urinary bladder using different methods: radiation + resection of bladder + chemotherapy; radiation + cystectomy with ureterosigmoanastomosis+chemotherapy; radiation + cystectomy with ureterocutaneostomy + chemotherapy; chemoradiation treatment. In the group of patients with tumors T2(m)NoxMo, the best cumulative results for survival (65 and 70%) were obtained in cases of organ-saving surgery. In tumor T3a, bNox(+, -)Mo group, the best results for survival (31.3%) were registered in patients who had undergone cystectomy. Five-year survival level was not attained in patients with tumors T4a, bNox, IMo, which makes the case for chemoradiation treatment application.
Subject(s)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Cystectomy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Staging , Radiotherapy , Survival Analysis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Survival of 117 operable male patients who had refused treatment was compared to that of 267 male patients who had undergone radical therapy. It was shown that treatment did not influence five-year survival of patients with T cancer. The same tendency was observed for T4 tumors. Radical treatment was associated with a significantly longer survival in T2-3 cancer patients. In the T1-2 tumor group, mean survival following diagnosis was affected by patient age whereas the relationship was far less apparent in cases of T3-4 cancer.
