ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The role of self-efficacy on academic outcomes in clinical simulation evaluations is well-known. However, no previous studies have reported the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the link between mood state and academic performance in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). OBJECTIVES: This study explores the following aims: i) to determine the effects of mood states on academic performance; ii) to assess the effect of mood states on self-efficacy; and iii) to analyze whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between mood state and academic performance in the OSCE. DESIGN: This quantitative and cross-sectional study received Institutional Review Board approval. SETTINGS: A private university in Santiago, Chile. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 117 nursing students from fourth and sixth semester. METHODS: Data were collected using two questionnaires (the short version of the Profile of Mood State, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale), and the objective structured clinical examination in adult medical-surgical nursing and pediatric nursing courses. RESULTS: Mood state has a significant effect on self-efficacy ß = -0.068 p = .001. There was, however, no significant relationship between mood and academic performance (= - 0.004 p = .114). Similarly, Sobel's test indicated a non-significant mediation effect for self-efficacy-0.000544; 95 %; CI (-0.00256, 0.00148) p = .597. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study improve the understanding of students' self-efficacy and academic performance. Further investigation regarding the use of the self-efficacy construct as a mediating variable in different high-stakes evaluations and in students with varying training levels is needed.
Subject(s)
Academic Performance , Students, Nursing , Adult , Child , Humans , Self Efficacy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational StatusABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to define a profile of juvenile offenders depending on the type of crime (against property or against persons), according to several socio-demographic variables, and a number of indicators of juvenile risk. Participants were 395 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 with a criminal record in the juvenile court over a two-year follow-up period. Results showed that in property-related offences the offender is more likely to be male, from an Eastern European country, and with inconsistent parenting. On the other hand, crimes against persons would be committed mostly by girls, Latin American or African juveniles, and with individual factors such as aggressive behaviour, outbursts of anger, poor frustration tolerance, or little concern for others. These results may be useful in designing crime prevention and offender intervention programmes
El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la existencia de un perfil diferencial de menores infractores acusados de haber cometido delitos contra la propiedad y contra las personas, según diferentes variables sociodemográficas y diversos indicadores de riesgo juvenil. Los participantes fueron 395 menores entre 14 y 18 años, con expediente judicial en el Juzgado de Menores, en un periodo de seguimiento de dos años. Los resultados indican que en los delitos contra la propiedad es más probable encontrar un menor infractor de género masculino, procedente de los países del Este, con pautas educativas parentales inconsistentes. Por su parte, los delitos contra las personas serían cometidos en mayor proporción por mujeres, de nacionalidad latinoamericana o africana, predominando como principales factores de riesgo la agresividad, ataques de cólera, baja tolerancia hacia la frustración o poca preocupación por los demás. Estos datos pueden ser importantes de cara al diseño de programas de prevención de los delitos e intervención con infractores
