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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 12(46): 199-214, abr.-jun. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-80891

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Mycoplasma pneumoniae y adenovirus son dos de las causas más frecuentesde neumonía en la infancia. El objetivo del estudio es describir las características epidemiológicas,clínicas, radiológicas y analíticas de los casos de neumonía por dichos microorganismosen menores de 15 años en un hospital de Barcelona. Determinar si existen diferenciasentre etiologías y edades y conocer los casos de coinfección.Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, mediante revisión de las historias clínicas delos menores de 15 años atendidos en el periodo 2000-2007 en el hospital y cuya IgM paraM. pneumoniae y/o adenovirus fue positiva o se obtuvo inmunofluorescencia o cultivo positivopara adenovirus. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante SPSS(R). Resultados: se diagnosticaron 153 neumonías: 73 por M. pneumoniae y 80 por adenovirus.La media de edad fue de 5,7 y 3,5 años respectivamente, siendo el 46% menores de 5 años en la neumonía por M. pneumoniae y el 71,3% por adenovirus. No se observó predominioestacional claro. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre y tos, conbuen estado general. La auscultación pulmonar fue patológica en 141 casos, predominandola unilateralidad y crepitantes. La alteración radiológica fue mayoritariamente unilateral. Losresultados analíticos no fueron significativos. Se encontraron 23 coinfecciones entre ambos y 22 con otros microorganismos. Conclusiones: M. pneumoniae y adenovirus deben ser considerados como agentes causales de neumonías en cualquier edad de la infancia. Destaca la dificultad para establecerempíricamente el diagnóstico etiológico, la similitud clínica entre mayores y menores de 5 años y el porcentaje de coinfecciones (AU)


Introduction: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus are two of the main causes ofpneumonia in children. The objectives of the study are to describe the epidemiological, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of the cases of pneumonia caused by these microorganismsin children younger than 15 years in a Hospital of Barcelona. And also to knowif there are differences between both etiologies, between children with different ages and toknow the cases of coinfections. Methods: retrospective study of review of clinical histories of children under 15 who were visited from 2000 to 2007 in the hospital and whose IgM against M. pneumonia and/oradenovirus or the immunofluorescence or culture for adenovirus had been positive. A statisticalstudy with the program SPSS was performed. Results: seventy-three pneumonias caused by M. pneumoniae and 80 by adenovirus werediagnosed. Thirty-five were girls and 28 boys. The mean age was 5.7 and 3.5 years respectively;46.6% were younger than 5 years in M. pneumoniae and 71.3% in adenovirus infections.There was no clear stational prevalence. The most frequent clinical manifestationswere fever and cough, with good general aspect. The auscultatory findings were pathological in 141 cases, being crepitations and unilateral affectation the most frequent features. Chestx-rays showed predominantly unilateral affectation. Blood tests did not show significative alterations.There were 23 coinfections found with both microorganism and 22 with others.Conclusions: M. pneumoniae and adenovirus should be considered causal agents of paediatricpneumonias. Is remarkable the difficulty in the differential diagnosis with other pneumonias,the clinical similitude between younger and older than 5 years and the importantpercentage of coinfections (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/epidemiology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , beta-Lactams/therapeutic use , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , Adenovirus Infections, Human/complications , Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology , Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification , Adenoviruses, Human/pathogenicity , Retrospective Studies , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Headache
2.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 72(1): 42-48, ene. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-77977

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El asma es la enfermedad crónica más común en los niños y los adolescentes. Las sobrecargas mecánicas intermitentes durante las crisis pueden inducir cambios funcionales en los músculos respiratorios, que experimentan fenómenos de adaptación. Este trabajo pretende evaluar el estado funcional muscular respiratorio y periférico en niños asmáticos que reciben corticoides inhalados y conocer la correlación entre la función muscular y la función respiratoria. Pacientes y métodos: Se seleccionó a 12 niños con asma mayores de 7 años de edad y tratados durante al menos 2 años con corticoides inhalados a dosis intermedias (budesonida ≥400μg o fluticasona ≥200μg) y a 7 niños controles sanos emparejados por edad. Se determinaron espirometría forzada, volúmenes pulmonares estáticos, resistencia de las vías aéreas, presiones inspiratoria y espiratoria máximas, función muscular esquelética periférica y composición corporal mediante bioimpedanciometría. Resultados: Las variables antropométricas, nutricionales y de función muscular periférica fueron equivalentes en ambos grupos. Los niños asmáticos presentaban signos de atrapamiento aéreo e hiperinsuflación pulmonar y valores de presión inspiratoria máxima más elevados. Conclusiones: No se encuentra evidencia de que los esteroides inhalados a dosis altas y de forma crónica deterioren la función muscular respiratoria o periférica en los niños asmáticos. En cambio, se encuentran signos de adaptación muscular respiratoria frente a la sobrecarga a largo plazo que supone el asma persistente. El llamado "efecto entrenamiento" aparenta estar limitado únicamente a los músculos de la inspiración (AU)


Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents. The intermittent mechanical overloads during crises can lead to functional changes in the respiratory muscles, which experience adaptation phenomena. This article attempts to evaluate the respiratory and peripheral muscle state in asthmatic children who receive inhaled corticoids, and to find out if there is an association between muscle function and respiratory function. Patients and methods: The study involved 12 children over 7-years old with asthma and treated with inhaled corticoids for at least 2 years at intermediate doses (budesonide ≥400ug, or fluticasone ≥200ug) and 7 healthy control children paired by age. The following were determined: forced spirometry, static lung volumes, airway resistance, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, peripheral musculo-skeletal function, and body composition using bioimpedance measurements. Results: The anthropometric, nutritional variables and peripheral muscle function were similar in both groups. The asthmatic children showed signs of air trapping, lung hyperinflation, and higher maximum inspiratory pressure values. Conclusions: No evidence was found that continuous high doses of inhaled steroids lead to a deterioration in respiratory or peripheral muscle function in asthmatic children. On the other hand, signs were found of respiratory muscle adaptation to the long-term overload of persistent asthma. The so-called "training effect" seems to be limited only to the inspiratory muscles (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/drug therapy , Muscles/physiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Budesonide/therapeutic use , Anthropometry/methods , Muscle Strength , Muscle Strength/physiology , Asthma/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Body Composition , /instrumentation , /methods
3.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 72(1): 42-8, 2010 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19939754

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and adolescents. The intermittent mechanical overloads during crises can lead to functional changes in the respiratory muscles, which experience adaptation phenomena. This article attempts to evaluate the respiratory and peripheral muscle state in asthmatic children who receive inhaled corticoids, and to find out if there is an association between muscle function and respiratory function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved 12 children over 7-years old with asthma and treated with inhaled corticoids for at least 2 years at intermediate doses (budesonide >or=400 microg, or fluticasone >or=200 microg) and 7 healthy control children paired by age. The following were determined: forced spirometry, static lung volumes, airway resistance, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, peripheral musculo-skeletal function, and body composition using bioimpedance measurements. RESULTS: The anthropometric, nutritional variables and peripheral muscle function were similar in both groups. The asthmatic children showed signs of air trapping, lung hyperinflation, and higher maximum inspiratory pressure values. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found that continuous high doses of inhaled steroids lead to a deterioration in respiratory or peripheral muscle function in asthmatic children. On the other hand, signs were found of respiratory muscle adaptation to the long-term overload of persistent asthma. The so-called "training effect" seems to be limited only to the inspiratory muscles.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Asthma/drug therapy , Asthma/physiopathology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Administration, Inhalation , Case-Control Studies , Child , Humans , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
4.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) ; 36(6): 336-42, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19150033

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Atopic eczema (AE) is the most frequent inflammatory skin disease in childhood in the western world. Several studies have reported a significant increase of prevalence in recent decades and the environmental factors implicated in its aetiology, including environmental tobacco smoke. This study aims to investigate the possible association of AE prevalence in Spanish schoolchildren aged 6-7 and 13-14 years in relation to their parents' smoking habits. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study with 6-7 year-old (n = 27805) and 13-14 year-old (n = 31235) schoolchildren from 10 Spanish centres. AE prevalence was assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, and the Spanish Academy of Dermatology criteria, used in Spain to diagnose AE. RESULTS: An association was found in school-children aged 6-7 (adjusted for gender, presence of asthma, presence of rhinitis, siblings and mother's level of education) between AE being clinically diagnosed with the mother's smoking habit (RPRa 1.40, 1.10-1.78) and there being more than 2 smokers at home (RPRa 1.34, 1.01-1.78). Regarding the presence of itchy rash, an association was observed with fathers who smoke (RPRa 1.40, 1.13-1.72). Among the 13-14 year-olds, no association was observed in relation to either clinically diagnosed AE or the appearance of itchy rash with parents' smoking habit. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the risk for children of being exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in terms of AE, especially when they are younger.


Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Smoking/adverse effects , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Female , Humans , Male , Parents , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
An Esp Pediatr ; 56(4): 298-303, 2002 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11927096

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Conclusive data on the risk factors that modify bronchial hyperresponsiveness after airway exposure to modulating triggers (histamine, methacholine and exercise) are lacking. In recent years some risk factors such as air pollution or infection have been questioned and even considered protective. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to exercise among schoolchildren and its association with different risk factors. METHODS: Three thousand thirty-three schoolchildren aged 13-14 years were studied. Participants answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. A total of 2,842 children underwent exercise challenge testing for bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This study was part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). RESULTS: A fall in peak expiratory flow rate of (15 % after exercise was found in 324 children (11.4 %), of whom 29 (9 %) also presented symptoms of asthma. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to exercise was significantly associated with lower age, female sex, high socioeconomic level and attending a private school. No association was found between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and obesity, tobacco or viral infections. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are not completely consistent with those of other studies, suggesting that local environmental factors may influence the prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Further studies are required to clarify these conflicting data.


Subject(s)
Asthma, Exercise-Induced/epidemiology , Asthma, Exercise-Induced/physiopathology , Bronchial Hyperreactivity , Adolescent , Age Factors , Female , Humans , Male , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Schools , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 56(4): 298-303, abr. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-6700

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: No hay datos concluyentes sobre los factores de riesgo que modifican de alguna forma la hiperreactividad bronquial después de haber expuesto la vía respiratoria a un factor modulador, como histamina, metacolina o ejercicio. Algunos factores como la contaminación ambiental o las propias infecciones, en determinadas circunstancias, podrían ser factores protectores más que de riesgo para desarrollar hiperreactividad bronquial. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de la hiperreactividad bronquial inducida por el ejercicio en niños de edad escolar y su asociación con diferentes factores de riesgo. Métodos: Se estudiaron 3.033 niños de 13 a 14 años de edad. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sobre síntomas respiratorios y un total de 2.842 niños realizaron una prueba de reactividad bronquial al ejercicio. Este estudio forma parte del Estudio Internacional de Asma y Alergia en la Infancia (ISAAC).Resultados: En 324 niños (11,4%) se observó un descenso del flujo espiratorio máximo mayor o igual al 15%después del ejercicio y 29 (9%) presentaron síntomas clínicos de asma. La hiperreactividad bronquial se asoció de manera significativa con menor edad, sexo femenino, nivel socioeconómico más alto y asistir a una escuela privada. No se observó asociación entre hiperreactividad bronquial y obesidad, tabaco e infecciones virales. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos no son totalmente consistentes con otros estudios, lo que hace pensar que existen factores locales medioambientales que pueden influir en la prevalencia de hiperreactividad bronquial y serían necesarios más estudios para clarificar estas contradicciones (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Male , Female , Humans , Bronchial Hyperreactivity , Spain , Socioeconomic Factors , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Asthma, Exercise-Induced , Age Factors , Schools , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
9.
An Esp Pediatr ; 55(4): 335-8, 2001 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11578541

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe structural abnormalities of the respiratory cilia in newborn infants whose mothers consumed heroin during pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 295 newborn infants whose mothers consumed heroin either throughout or at some time during pregnancy and who were cared for in Hospital del Mar in Barcelona (Spain) between January 1982 and December 1997 were reviewed. Seven infants with neonatal respiratory distress after the withdrawal syndrome period were selected. Diagnoses were established by electron microscopy of nasal mucosa samples. RESULTS: All seven newborns with prolonged neonatal respiratory distress had ultrastructural abnormalities of the ciliary axoneme similar to those of primary ciliary dyskinesia or immotile cilia syndrome. The incidence of this alteration in this series was higher than that in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a possible association between ultrastructural abnormalities of the ciliary axoneme and prolonged neonatal respiratory distress in the infants of heroin-consuming mothers.


Subject(s)
Ciliary Motility Disorders/etiology , Heroin Dependence , Pregnancy Complications , Ciliary Motility Disorders/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/epidemiology , Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome/etiology , Pregnancy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/etiology , Retrospective Studies
10.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 55(4): 335-338, oct. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1860

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir las anomalías estructurales de los cilios respiratorios en los recién nacidos hijos de gestantes consumidoras de heroína durante todo el embarazo o parte de él. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisan retrospectivamente las historias de 295 recién nacidos hijos de madres consumidoras de heroína durante toda la gestación o parte de ella y atendidas en el Hospital del Mar de Barcelona desde enero de 1982 hasta diciembre de 1997. Se seleccionaron 7 recién nacidos que habían presentado distrés respiratorio neonatal prolongado más allá de la duración del síndrome de abstinencia de drogas y estudiados mediante la microscopia electrónica de las muestras obtenidas del raspado de la mucosa nasal. Resultados: Los 7 recién nacidos afectados de distrés respiratorio neonatal prolongado presentaban anomalías ultraestructurales del axonema ciliar compatibles con las del síndrome del cilio inmóvil o discinesia ciliar primaria. La incidencia de estas anomalías en hijos de gestantes consumidoras de heroína durante toda o parte de la gestación en esta serie es superior a la de la población general. Conclusiones: Estos resultados hacen sospechar que el consumo de heroína por la gestante afecta la ultraestructura ciliar de los recién nacidos, manifestándose clínicamente como distrés respiratorio neonatal prolongado (AU)


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Pregnancy Complications , Heroin Dependence , Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome , Retrospective Studies , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Ciliary Motility Disorders
11.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 54(5): 513-517, mayo 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1947

ABSTRACT

La discinesia ciliar primaria es una enfermedad de origen congénito (herencia autosómica recesiva) que se caracteriza por una disfunción total o parcial de las células ciliadas o flageladas, y que se expresa clínicamente con sinusitis y/o bronquiectasias asociadas de forma ocasional a esterilidad en varones. Se presentan 3 casos de síndrome del cilio inmóvil con síntomas respiratorios crónicos (sinusitis, bronquitis y otitis). Dos de ellos se acompañaban de bronquiectasias y el tercero de atelectasia del lóbulo medio. El diagnóstico se estableció por estudio ultraestructural de muestras obtenidas de mucosa nasal, donde se observó ausencia de los brazos de la dineína y/o disposición anómala de los microtúbulos. En los 3 casos se obtuvo una gran mejoría clínica, controlando los síntomas y por lo tanto mejorando el pronóstico de estos niños. Apesar de que no es posible la curación, al igual que en otras neumopatías crónicas, el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento apropiado reducen considerablemente la morbilidad (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Male , Female , Humans , Pulmonary Atelectasis , Bronchiectasis , Ciliary Motility Disorders , Kartagener Syndrome
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