ABSTRACT
Nocardia spp. are a group of aerobic actinomycetes widely distributed in soil, and associated with severe opportunistic infections, essentially pulmonary infections. We report the first case of disseminated infection associated with urinary tract infection caused by Nocardia veterana. The diagnosis was difficult; despite the presence of pulmonary nodules, the lung biopsies remained negative while only one aerobic blood culture and the urine culture were positive for N. veterana, identified after a 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Few cases of clinical importance due to N. veterana have been published since its characterization. The bacteriological diagnosis of nocardiosis can be difficult to establish because of the delayed growth and the specific techniques that are required. This case illustrates the necessity of performing specific investigations in immunocompromised patients who present with infectious disease because the severity of this infection requires early diagnosis and quick initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nocardia Infections/microbiology , Nocardia/isolation & purification , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Nocardia Infections/diagnosis , Nocardia/genetics , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
Nocardia spp. are a group of aerobic actinomycetes widely distributed in soil, and associated with severe opportunistic infections, essentially pulmonary infections. We report the first case of disseminated infection associated with urinary tract infection caused by Nocardia veterana. The diagnosis was difficult; despite the presence of pulmonary nodules, the lung biopsies remained negative while only one aerobic blood culture and the urine culture were positive for N. veterana, identified after a 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Few cases of clinical importance due to N. veterana have been published since its characterization. The bacteriological diagnosis of nocardiosis can be difficult to establish because of the delayed growth and the specific techniques that are required. This case illustrates the necessity of performing specific investigations in immunocompromised patients who present with infectious disease because the severity of this infection requires early diagnosis and quick initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Subject(s)
Nocardia Infections/microbiology , Nocardia/isolation & purification , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nocardia/genetics , Nocardia Infections/diagnosis , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Although aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often complicated by myocardial injury, whether this neurogenic cardiomyopathy is associated with the modification of cardiac metabolism is unknown. This study sought to explore, by positron emission tomography/computed tomography, the presence of altered cardiac glucose metabolism after SAH. METHODS: During a 16-month period, 30 SAH acute phase patients underwent myocardial (18)F- fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDGPET), (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin and (123)I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-mIBG) scintigraphy, respectively, assessing glucose metabolism, cardiac perfusion, and sympathetic innervation. Patients with initial abnormalities were followed monthly for two months for (18)F-FDG, and six months later for (123)I-mIBG. RESULTS: In this SAH population, acute cardiac metabolic disturbance was observed in 83% of patients (n = 25), and sympathetic innervation disturbance affected 90% (n = 27). Myocardial perfusion was normal for all patients. The topography and extent of metabolic defects and innervation abnormalities largely overlapped. Follow-up showed rapid improvement of glucose metabolism in one or two months. Normalization of sympathetic innervation was slower; only 27% of patients (n = 8) exhibited normal (123)I-mIBG scintigraphy after six months. Presence of initial altered cardiac metabolism was not associated with more unfavorable cardiac or neurological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis of neurogenic myocardial stunning after SAH. In hemodynamically stable acute phase SAH patients, cardiomyopathy is characterized by diffuse and heterogeneous (18)F-FDG and (123)I-mIBG uptake defect. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01218191. Registered 6 October 2010.
Subject(s)
Glucose/metabolism , Heart/innervation , Intracranial Aneurysm/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/metabolism , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology , 3-Iodobenzylguanidine , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Iodine Radioisotopes , Myocardial Stunning/etiology , Organophosphorus Compounds , Organotechnetium Compounds , Positron-Emission Tomography , Quality of Life , Radiopharmaceuticals , Rupture, Spontaneous , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Troponin T/bloodABSTRACT
Renal clear cell carcinoma has a great metastatic potential, with possibly uncommon secondary lesions, notably in the head and neck region. The role of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) in the staging or follow-up of urological malignancies is still not clearly defined. We report a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma involving the tongue and a cervical lymph node, 3 years after initial nephrectomy. The use of combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan showed increased F-18 FDG activity in these 2 lesions that were then diagnosed and treated by surgery. Although the diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET is limited in the detection of primary disease, this imaging modality can be a very useful tool in the follow-up of renal clear cell carcinoma.
