ABSTRACT
This study examined the effect of the human-functioning dimension on happiness among community-dwelling older adults (OAs) in Chile. Questionnaires were used for data collection from a sample of 785 OAs of both sexes attending healthcare institutions. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using parallel analysis and oblique rotation. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted using the maximum likelihood and unweighted least squares methods. Goodness-of-fit analyses were performed by considering absolute and respective incremental fit indices. The relationships between the functioning and happiness factors were all significant at the 1% level, indicating that functioning impacts happiness. The ratios of the variances between both constructs were identical to those of the covariances, indicating consistency between the models, with similarities and equalities in the estimation of their parameters. The modeling confirms a direct relationship between activities of daily living functioning and happiness. Given that a lack of functioning significantly affects OAs' happiness and quality of life, this relationship is consistent with the available theory. These findings may contribute to the formulation of social and health policies regarding OAs in Chile and other Latin American countries.
ABSTRACT
The present work determines the gaps between expectations and perceptions about the quality of the service that patients and families receive in primary health care (PHC) in Guayas, Ecuador. A descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study was carried out, primarily prospective with respect to expectations and retrospective with respect to perceptions of service quality. For its development, a random sample of 533 users from the northern and southern urban sectors of the city of Guayaquil was determined, who were asked to answer a questionnaire. Their responses were collected using a seven-point scale intended to determine magnitudes of gaps, which were confirmed using the Wilcoxon test. The results reveal a significant gap between women, specifically those over 21 years of age who have studied at the technological and university level, and those who work. In general, the five dimensions of quality present significant gaps, highlighting that the lowest gap occurs when the medical professional listens attentively and treats the patient with kindness. Instead, the largest gap occurs because there are no available or easily accessible times for medical appointments. Finally, the dimension that indicates the gaps that service providers best resolve are the empathy items, recording the smallest deviations; On the contrary, the reliability dimension presents the greatest deviation, thus showing higher degrees of dissatisfaction, in both cases significant.
Subject(s)
Patient Satisfaction , Quality of Health Care , Humans , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Ecuador , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
El presente trabajo busca determinar qué factores demográficos y conductuales inciden sobre la satisfacción con la vida relacionada con la alimentación de los adultos mayores (AM) de la región del Maule, Chile. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 785 AM pertenecientes a los Centros del Adulto Mayor de 30 comunas de la región del Maule, Chile. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios Satisfaction with Food-related Life, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale y cuestionario de independencia en Actividades de la Vida Diaria. Se incluyeron preguntas de caracterización sociodemográficas sobre el consumo de once grupos de alimentos y bebidas en el hogar, además de los gastos en restaurantes. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y regresión logística, utilizando medidas de ajuste estadístico y diagnóstico de colinealidad de las variables. En conclusión, los principales factores relacionados positivamente con una alta satisfacción relacionada con los alimentos son el sexo femenino, estar casado o en pareja, mayor percepción de satisfacción con la vida y el consumo de pescado y vino. Se determinaron buenos niveles de comensalidad en las tres comidas estudiadas. En consecuencia, reunir a la familia y compartir a diario puede contribuir positivamente al bienestar. Sin embargo, la satisfacción con la alimentación fue mayor en las áreas rurales que en las urbanas y el grupo con mayor edad (> 80 años) reportó menor satisfacción con la alimentación cuando fue analizado de forma bivariable
The present study seeks to determine which demographic and behavioral factors affect satisfaction with food-related life in older Chilean adults. A questionnaire was applied to 785 older adults belonging to the adult centers of 30 communes in the Maule region, Chile. The questionnaires Satisfaction with Food-related Life, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale and independence in Activities of the Daily Life were applied. Sociodemographic characterization questions were included, in addition to questions about the consumption of eleven groups of foods and drinks at home, besides the expenses in restaurants. A descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed, using statistical adjustment measures and collinearity diagnosis of the variables. In conclusion, the main factors positively related to a high satisfaction related to food are the female gender, being married or in a couple, greater perception of satisfaction with life and consumption of fish and wine. Good levels of commensality were determined in the three meals studied; consequently, reuniting the family and sharing daily can contribute positively to well-being. However, satisfaction with food was higher in rural areas than in urban areas and the group with the highest age (> 80 years) reported lower satisfaction with food when it was analyzed in a bivariable manner
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Diet, Healthy/trends , Activities of Daily Living , Nutritional Status , Health Services for the Aged , Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Odds Ratio , Linear Models , Body Mass Index , ChileABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The present study seeks to determine which demographic and behavioral factors affect satisfaction with food-related life in older Chilean adults. A questionnaire was applied to 785 older adults belonging to the adult centers of 30 communes in the Maule region, Chile. The questionnaires Satisfaction with Food-related Life, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale and independence in Activities of the Daily Life were applied. Sociodemographic characterization questions were included, in addition to questions about the consumption of eleven groups of foods and drinks at home, besides the expenses in restaurants. A descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed, using statistical adjustment measures and collinearity diagnosis of the variables. In conclusion, the main factors positively related to a high satisfaction related to food are the female gender, being married or in a couple, greater perception of satisfaction with life and consumption of fish and wine. Good levels of commensality were determined in the three meals studied; consequently, reuniting the family and sharing daily can contribute positively to well-being. However, satisfaction with food was higher in rural areas than in urban areas and the group with the highest age (> 80 years) reported lower satisfaction with food when it was analyzed in a bivariable manner.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El presente trabajo busca determinar qué factores demográficos y conductuales inciden sobre la satisfacción con la vida relacionada con la alimentación de los adultos mayores (AM) de la región del Maule, Chile. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 785 AM pertenecientes a los Centros del Adulto Mayor de 30 comunas de la región del Maule, Chile. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios Satisfaction with Food-related Life, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale y cuestionario de independencia en Actividades de la Vida Diaria. Se incluyeron preguntas de caracterización sociodemográficas sobre el consumo de once grupos de alimentos y bebidas en el hogar, además de los gastos en restaurantes. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y regresión logística, utilizando medidas de ajuste estadístico y diagnóstico de colinealidad de las variables. En conclusión, los principales factores relacionados positivamente con una alta satisfacción relacionada con los alimentos son el sexo femenino, estar casado o en pareja, mayor percepción de satisfacción con la vida y el consumo de pescado y vino. Se determinaron buenos niveles de comensalidad en las tres comidas estudiadas. En consecuencia, reunir a la familia y compartir a diario puede contribuir positivamente al bienestar. Sin embargo, la satisfacción con la alimentación fue mayor en las áreas rurales que en las urbanas y el grupo con mayor edad (> 80 años) reportó menor satisfacción con la alimentación cuando fue analizado de forma bivariable.
