Complicaciones intracraneales graves secundarias a infecciones por Streptococcus intermedius / Serious intracranial complications secondary to Streptococcus intermedius infections

Streptococcus intermedius es un microorganismo anaerobio, perteneciente al grupo de Streptococcus anginosus. Es una bacteria comensal habitual de la cavidad oral y nasofaringe, conocida por su potencial capacidad de formar abscesos cerebrales por contigüidad o por vía hematógena a partir de infecciones de la esfera otorrinolaringológica. Las infecciones del sistema nervioso central debidas a miembros de este grupo son potencialmente mortales y requieren de un manejo multidisciplinar. La obtención de imágenes mediante tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética debe realizarse de forma precoz para evaluar las colecciones que requieren drenaje. La intervención quirúrgica y el inicio de terapia antibiótica empírica a tiempo son imprescindibles para asegurar una correcta evolución (AU)

treptococcus intermedius is an anaerobic bacterium and a member of the Streptococcus anginosus group. It is a commensal bacterium of the oral cavity and nasopharynx, which is known for its potential ability to form brain abscesses by contiguity or hematogenous dissemination from infections of the otorhinolaryngological sphere. Central nervous system infections due to members of this group are life-threatening and need multidisciplinary management. Imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging should be performed as soon as possible to evaluate the collections requiring drainage. Timely initiation of surgical intervention and appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy are essential to ensure a correct evolution. (AU)

Anemia en un lactante con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida: a propósito de un caso / Anemia in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A case report

Introducción: En la actualidad, a pesar del cribado universal de VIH en embarazadas, se siguen diagnosticando niños en la fase sintomática de la infección. Caso clínico: Describimos el caso de un lactante diagnosticado en estadio avanzado de infección por el VIH, con anemia hemolítica secundaria, su evolución y tratamiento. Conclusión: En nuestro medio es una prioridad mantener un alto índice de sospecha en poblaciones de riesgo de infección por el VIH, siendo el objetivo del pediatra que sean diagnosticados en estadios iniciales de la enfermedad

Introduction: Currently, in spite of universal screening of HIV in pregnant women, children are still being diagnosed in the symptomatic phase of the infection. Clinical case: We describe the case of an infant diagnosed at an advanced stage of HIV infection, with secondary he-molytic anemia, its volution and treatment. Conclusion: In our setting it is a priority to maintain a high index of suspicion in populations at risk of HIV infection, being the goal of the pediatrician make the diagnosis in the initial stages of the disease

Poliquistosis renal autosomica recesiva: un caso de debut neonatal / Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease with neonatal: a case report

La enfermedad poliquistica renal autosomica recesiva (PQRAR) es una enfermedad hereditaria rara, debida a una mutación del gen PKHD1, caracterizada por la aparición de múltiples quistes renales de pequefio tamaño, afectación hepática y desarrollo de hipertensión arterial. Su forma de presentación más frecuente es la neonatal que, generalmente, cursa con nefromegalia grave, oligoamnios e hipoplasia pulmonar secundaria. Presentamos un caso de PQRAR diagnosticado a los 16 dias de vida al realizarse ecografía abdominal por distensión abdominal y palpación de masa bilateral, siendo confirmado, posteriormente, con estudio genético. Inicialmente se constató la existencia de hiponatremia asintomática con función renal normal y la presencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) con repercusión cardíaca en forma de hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo que se normalizó tras inicio tratamiento hipertensivo. Actualmente el paciente, que tiene 22 meses de edad y ha presentado varias infecciones del tracto urinario, continua tratamiento antihipertensivo con terapia múltiple y ha desarrollado enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) (AU)

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare hereditary disease caused by PKHD1, gene mutation, characterized by the appearance of multiple small cysts kidney, liver involvement and development of hypertension. Neonatal debut is the most common presentation which generally associates serious nephromegaly, oligoamnios and secondary pulmonary hypoplasia. We present a case of ARPKD diagnosed at 16 days of age by abdominal ultrasound performed by abdominal distension and bilateral palpation of mass; later it was confirmed by genetic study. Initially the baby had asymptomatic hyponatremia with normal renal function and hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy which disappeared after hypertension treatment. Currently the patient who is 22 months old has had several urinary tract infections; he continues under antihypertensive treatment with multiple therapy because of his difficult control hypertension and he has developed chronic renal failure (AU)

Fiebre, dolor abdominal y exantema / Fever, abdominal pain and exanthema

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[Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B infections in infancy (1981-1990)]. / Infecciones invasivas por Haemophilus influenzae tipo B en la infancia (1981-1990).

We report the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B infections. The study is based on 58 children and was carried out during the years from 1981 to 1990. Sixty-three percent of the patients had meningitis, 10.3% had arthritis, 10.3% had epiglottitis, 8.6% had cellulitis and 6.9% had pneumonia. Thirteen percent of the cases were children who were less than 6 months old, 34.4% were less than 12 months old, 70.6% were less than 24 months of age and 93% were less than 4 years old. Among the latter, 90% of the children with epiglottis or pneumonia were 24 months or older compared with 16% of the patients with meningitis, arthritis or cellulitis (p < 0.001). Sixty-three percent of the isolated strains of Haemophilus influenzae type B were resistant to ampicillin and 19.2% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol.