A phase II dose evaluation pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial of cholecalciferol in critically ill children with vitamin D deficiency (VITdAL-PICU study).

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and associated with worse clinical course. Trials in adult ICU demonstrate rapid restoration of vitamin D status using an enteral loading dose is safe and may improve outcomes. There have been no published trials of rapid normalization of VDD in the pediatric ICU. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter placebo-controlled phase II pilot feasibility randomized clinical trial from 2016 to 2017. We randomized 67 critically ill children with VDD from ICUs in Canada, Chile and Austria using a 2:1 randomization ratio to receive a loading dose of enteral cholecalciferol (10,000 IU/kg, maximum of 400,000 IU) or placebo. Participants, care givers, and outcomes assessors were blinded. The primary objective was to determine whether the loading dose normalized vitamin D status (25(OH)D > 75 nmol/L). Secondary objectives were to evaluate for adverse events and assess the feasibility of a phase III trial. RESULTS: Of 67 randomized participants, one was withdrawn and seven received more than one dose of cholecalciferol before the protocol was amended to a single loading dose, leaving 59 participants in the primary analyses (40 treatment, 19 placebo). Thirty-one/38 (81.6%) participants in the treatment arm achieved a plasma 25(OH)D concentration > 75 nmol/L versus 1/18 (5.6%) the placebo arm. The mean 25(OH)D concentration in the treatment arm was 125.9 nmol/L (SD 63.4). There was no evidence of vitamin D toxicity and no major drug or safety protocol violations. The accrual rate was 3.4 patients/month, supporting feasibility of a larger trial. A day 7 blood sample was collected for 84% of patients. A survey administered to 40 participating families showed that health-related quality of life (HRQL) was the most important outcome for families for the main trial (30, 75%). CONCLUSIONS: A single 10,000 IU/kg dose can rapidly and safely normalize plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in critically ill children with VDD, but with significant variability in 25(OH)D concentrations. We established that a phase III multicentre trial is feasible. Using an outcome collected after hospital discharge (HRQL) will require strategies to minimize loss-to-follow-up. CLINICALTRIALS: gov NCT02452762 Registered 25/05/2015.

Stump appendicitis after laparoscopic appendectomy; laparoscopic management and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Appendectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide There are different etiologies for acute appendicitis such as obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by fecalith, lymphoid hyperplasia, or neoplasm. Laparoscopic appendectomy has become the treatment of choice for both complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis; common postoperative complications include wound infection, bleeding, intraabdominal abscess. Stump appendicitis is defined as the interval repeated inflammation of remaining residual appendiceal tissue after an appendectomy. PRESENTATION OF CASE: 38-Year-old female patient with a history of laparoscopic appendectomy performed in 2016 for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. She arrived to the emergency room due to abdominal pain 7 out of 10, located in the periumbilical region, later with migration to the right lower quadrant, abdominal CT scan evidenced the presence of a cecal and pericecal inflammatory process as well as the base and residual proximal portion of the cecal appendix laparoscopic stump appendectomy was performed. DISCUSSION: Stump appendicitis (SA) is defined as the inflammation of the remnant of the cecal appendix after an appendectomy, whether due to impaction of a fecalith or secondary to an ischemic process, the probability of developing SA is estimated to be about 1/50,000 cases throughout life. The most frequently used treatment is exploratory laparotomy to complete the previous appendectomy; however, there are 5 reported cases of stump appendicitis, where surgical resolution was performed through laparoscopic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to keep this entity in mind when evaluating a patient with acute abdomen with previous history of appendectomy, since the delay in diagnosis and treatment increases morbidity and mortality; laparoscopic stump appendectomy has been shown to be a safe treatment (Agha et al., 2020 [14]).1.

Foreign modeling agent reaction; managed with two staged surgical reconstruction. Case report and review of literature.

INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, body modeling with injectable biomaterials such as liquid silicone is a common practice in non-certified clinics by non-medical personnel; These materials produces a series of complications described as Foreign modeling agent reaction (FMAR) with variable spectrum of severity. CASE PRESENTATION: 38-year-old female with history of biomaterial injection in a non-certified cosmetic clinic 10 years prior to evaluation. Presents with intermittent symptoms characterized by fever, erythema, induration and pain in the gluteal region. An exhaustive debridement and resection with primary closure was performed. Thereafter, reconstruction was done using a combined technique with gluteal implants and autologous fat graft, evolving without complications. DISCUSSION: The use of biomaterials has been widely documented throughout history; liquid silicone being one of the protagonists. Used for aesthetic purposes and modeling areas such as buttocks and breasts. They have been associated with an assortment of early or late onset complications, sometimes resulting in fatal outcomes. Various treatment modalities have been described depending on the severity of presentation, from conservative to surgical management. CONCLUSION: There is a shortage of treatment guidelines regarding FMAR due to its wide variety of presentation, treatment must be individualized to obtain adequate results. Although conservative treatment has shown good results, the anatomical alterations usually condition dissatisfaction that should be addressed with reconstructive techniques [10].

Rationale of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange as Rescue Immunomodulatory Treatment for MIS-C With Multiorgan Failure.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is an infrequent and poorly understood illness. It can present as severe multiorgan failure in children, potentially lethal. Immunomodulation is the empiric treatment because a dysregulated immune response is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism. We present an infant with severe MIS-C, refractory to usual treatment, successfully treated with plasmapheresis.

Adrenal schwannoma in a female patient; A rare benign neoplasm: Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Schwannomas are rare, slow-growing, usually benign tumors that originate from myelin-producing Schwann cells. Adrenal schwannomas are an exceptionally rare subset of these tumors, with few cases reported in the literature. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present the case of a 44-year old female patient being evaluated for chronic abdominal pain at the outpatient clinic. Clinical and laboratory workup was unremarkable. An abdominal CT scan was performed, revealing a left suprarenal solid mass (5 × 6 cm). Surgical resection of the adrenal gland was performed, given the patient's symptoms, the size of the tumor, and its malignant potential. The patient completed the postoperative period satisfactorily, and her symptoms improved. Histopathological findings were compatible with a benign adrenal schwannoma. DISCUSSION: Schwannomas generally appear in the head, neck and extremities, with the vestibulocochlear nerve being the most frequently involved site. Retroperitoneal schwannomas account for 1-5% of retroperitoneal masses and comprise only 1-3% of all schwannomas. Their incidence increases with age, from 4% in the general population, reaching 7% in patients over 70 years of age. CONCLUSION: Adrenal incidentalomas represent a diagnostic challenge. Because of the malignant potential of large (> 4 cm) adrenal masses and the lack of characteristic findings using conventional imaging techniques and laboratory diagnostic tools, surgical excision with histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis are required for definitive diagnosis and optimal management.

Conversion from mini bypass to laparoscopic Roux en Y gastric bypass in an emergency setting: Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: It has been demonstrated that certain technique endpoints are key to the success for the OAGB and RYGB procedures but only a few texts in which post-operative complications are documented. PRESENTATION OF CASE: 42-year-old male patient admitted to the emergency department for presenting abdominal pain located in the epigastrium for 4 days, melenic evacuations and syncope on one occasion. Two years prior to admission, the patient underwent a single anastomosis bypass for grade III obesity.Gastric bypass mini revision surgery was performed an antecolic and antegastric gastrointestinal anastomosis was made with a 3 cm latero-lateral anastomosis; an intestinal-intestinal anastomosis was performed 60 cm from the gastric anastomosis. The length of the biliopancreatic loop (120 cm) and the feeding loop (60 cm) are reviewed. DISCUSSION: Performing an "en bloc" resection of the anastomosis is essential since bile reflux is one of the irritation mechanisms of the anastomosis but not the only one. The size of the gastric pouch directly influences the frequency of marginal ulcers, so during the OAGBP revision, the gastro-jejunal junction must be resected to remodel it, reducing the size of the gastric reservoir that allows to perform the new anastomosis in less inflamed tissue. Roux-en-Y reconstruction should be performed once the length of the biliopancreatic loop is verified and it does not exceed 150 cm and a short alimentary loop to avoid nutritional complications.Complications arising from bariatric procedures are varied, infrequent in well-trained surgeons, but severe in inexpert hands, leading to an increase in mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS: We propose the laparoscopic conversion of OAGB to RYGB as a safe method, and feasible in hemodynamically unstable patients.

Gallbladder osteoma in a 66-year-old female; Case report and review of literature.

INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder mesenchymal tumours are rare. The more common include fibroma, lipoma or haemangioma. A gallbladder osteoma is very rare indeed there is only one other case reported in medical literature). We report a new case. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 66-year-old female presented to the emergency department complaining of colicky epigastric pain and generalised abdominal discomfort for 1 month. The pain was scored 5/10 but there were no associated symptoms of fever, nausea or vomiting. Vital signs were normal as were all laboratory parameters. An abdominal ultrasound revealed a thin walled gallbladder with a solitary 3 mm polyp. Motility studies confirmed gallbladder dyskinesia. Laboratory studies were ordered reporting normal findings. Abdominal ultrasound was ordered reporting an image suggesting a gallbladder polyp and gallbladder dyskinesia. Cholecystectomy was done without any incidents and the gallbladder was sent to pathology. Pathology reported mature bone tissue in the stromal gallbladder tissue. Due to the rareness of the presence of mature bone tissue in the gallbladder we decided to report the case for the medical community. DISCUSSION: Osteomas are mesenchymal cell tumors derived from the mesoderm; the gallbladder may be the primary site of numerous types of mesenchymal tumors, although these tumors are common the location is not. CONCLUSIONS: We report only the second case of gallbladder osteoma. These mesenchymal tumours are common but this location is not. This case report will serve to remind readers of both benign osteomas and unusual conditions causing gallbladder disease.

Necrotizing soft tissue infection after liposculpture; Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Liposculpture procedures have a complication rate of 5%, with the majority being minor complications. Infections in isolated liposuction procedures are as low as 0.1 % of cases. Necrotizing infections can occur after major traumatic injuries, as well as after minor breaches of the skin or mucosa. Here we present a case of a 53-year-old female patient who underwent cosmetic surgery and developed a necrotizing soft tissue infection and we will discuss the importance of early diagnosis, risk factors and preventive measures, treatment options and our management of this particular case. PRESENTATION OF CASE: 53-year-old female patient with a history of multiple cosmetic surgeries, with no significant past medical history, she presented fever and disabling pain at the surgical site with extensive bullae formation; during her fourth post operative day, she presented septic shock that required vasopressor support and mechanical ventilation, accompanied by acute renal failure which required admission to the intensive care unit. The patient's relatives requested air transportation to bring the patient to our center. The patient remained hospitalized for 42 days in which 15 surgical interventions were performed including multiple surgical wound cleansing and debridement as well as placement of a negative pressure wound therapy system, flaps advancement, lesions reconstruction, graft procurements and insertions. DISCUSSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended preferably with a second-generation cephalosporin, one hour prior to surgery and should be continued for 5-6 days afterwards. Likewise, prophylaxis with Flucloxacillin or gentamicin is recommended in the case of liposuction and or abdominoplasty. The microorganisms most frequently isolated in post-liposuction infections are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus group A, Streptococcous pyogenes, and synergistic infections with anaerobes and facultative pathogens. Among the most severe complications of liposuction is necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI), which is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue that spreads to the underlying dermis and sometimes beyond including the fascia and muscle. CONCLUSION: Rapid recognition of NSTI is life-saving and urgent, extensive debridement and prophylactic antibiotics are the mainstay treatment for this condition, multiple debridement procedures may be necessary for successful treatment.

Effectiveness of Two Targeted Temperature Management Methods After Pediatric Postcardiac Arrest: A Multicenter International Study.

OBJECTIVES: It is currently recommended that after return of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest, fever should be prevented using TTM through a servo-controlled system. This technology is not yet available in many global settings, where manual physical measures without servo-control is the only option. Our aim was to compare feasibility, safety and quality assurance of servo-controlled system versus no servo-controlled system cooling, TTM protocols for cooling, maintenance and rewarming following return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest in children. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, study. SETTING: PICUs of 20 hospitals in South America, Spain, and Italy, 2012-2014. PATIENTS: Under 18 years old with a cardiac arrest longer than 2 minutes, in coma and surviving to PICU admission requiring mechanical ventilation were included. METHODS: TTM to 32-34°C was performed by prospectively designed protocol across 20 centers, with either servo-controlled system or no servo-controlled system methods, depending on servo-controlled system availability. We analyzed clinical data, cardiac arrest, temperature, mechanical ventilation duration, length of hospitalization, complications, survival, and neurologic outcomes at 6 months. PRIMARY OUTCOME: feasibility, safety and quality assurance of the cooling technique and secondary outcome: survival and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category at 6 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seventy patients were recruited, 51 of 70 TTM (72.8%) with servo-controlled system. TTM induction, maintenance, and rewarming were feasible in both groups. Servo-controlled system was more effective than no servo-controlled system in maintaining TTM (69 vs 60%; p = 0.004). Servo-controlled system had fewer temperatures above 38.1°C during the 5 days of TTM (0.1% vs 2.9%; p < 0.001). No differences in mortality, complications, length of mechanical ventilation and of stay, or neurologic sequelae were found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: TTM protocol (for cooling, maintenance and rewarming) following return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest in children was feasible and safe with both servo-controlled system and no servo-controlled system techniques. Achieving, maintaining, and rewarming within protocol targets were more effective with servo-controlled system versus no servo-controlled system techniques.

Identidad étnica y conductas sociales en adolescentes indígenas mapuche sancionados por la Ley de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente en regiones del sur de Chile / Ethnic Identity and Social Behaviors in Indigenous Juvenile Offenders Sentenced by the Law in the South of Chile

RESUMEN Se analiza la relación entre identidad étnica y conductas sociales en 60 adolescentes indígenas infractores de ley autoidentificados como mapuche. La identidad étnica se obtiene con la Escala IEM; conductas sociales, con CACSA; delitos autorreportados, con EDA y judicializados, con Ficha FER-R. El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre grado de desarrollo de identidad étnica con presencia de conductas antisociales y prosociales. Los resultados indican que a mayor desarrollo de identidad étnica menor presencia de conductas antisociales, no observándose relación entre identidad étnica y conductas prosociales. Se discute la relevancia de la identidad étnica como factor protector específico en adolescentes infractores mapuche y en adolescentes de otros pueblos indígenas en general, convirtiéndose en posible foco de intervención para desestimar estas conductas.

ABSTRACT We examined the relationship between ethnic identity and social behaviors in 60 indigenous juvenile offenders self-identified as mapuche. Ethnic identity is obtained with IEM scale, social behaviors with CACSA, self-reported and sentenced offenses with EDA and FER-R. The objective was to evaluate the association between the degree of ethnic identity development with presence of antisocial and prosocial behavior. The results indicate that ethnic identity development was related to lesser presence of antisocial behaviors, though no relationship between ethnic identity and prosocial behaviors. The possible relevance of ethnic identity as a protective factor in mapuche youth offenders in specific and in general to adolescents of other indigenous people, becoming a possible focus of intervention to dismiss these behaviors is discussed.

El trabajo de parto previo a la cesárea protege contra la taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido / Labor prior to caesarean section protects against transient tachypnea of the newborn

En los últimos años se ha observado un importante aumento en el número de cesáreas, tanto en nuestro país como en el mundo, llegando en muchos centros a representar 50% de los nacimientos. Esto ha tenido un impacto significativo a nivel de la salud, dado que numerosos estudios evidencian una asociación entre cesárea electiva y morbilidad neonatal, en comparación con los que nacen por parto vaginal. La taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido (TTRN) es una de las causas más frecuentemente encontradas dentro de la morbilidad respiratoria asociada al nacimiento por cesárea. Objetivos: determinar si el trabajo de parto previo a la cesárea es un factor protector para la taquipnea transitoria (TTRN) del recién nacido y conocer su incidencia. Diseño: estudio analítico de cohorte prospectiva. Lugar: Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rosell, Montevideo. Período de estudio: 1/9/2008 al 14/1/2009. Población: recién nacidos de 35 semanas o más de edad gestacional, embarazo único, sin malformaciones y con feto vivo, nacidos por cesárea, diferenciando dos cohortes: cohorte 1: recién nacidos por cesárea, sin trabajo de parto previo; cohorte 2: recién nacidos por cesárea, con trabajo de parto previo. Resultados: la TTRN fue más frecuente en el grupo cesárea sin trabajo de parto previo (48/231, 20,8%), comparando con el grupo cesárea con trabajo de parto previo (20/163, 12,3%). La diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa: RR=0.59 (0,36-0,96), p=0,028. Conclusión: el trabajo de parto previo a la cesárea podría ser un factor protector para disminuir la incidencia de la taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido (TTRN).

Estudio de sobrevida y cultivo de células cocoides en cepas de: Campylobacter jejuni / A survival and culture study of cocoid cells in Campylobacter jejuni strains

Campylobacter jejuni, uno de los principales agentes causales de síndrome diarreico en seres humanos, es una bacteria que a bajas temperaturas y en condiciones de estrés forma células cocoides no cultivables. Para determinar las condiciones en las que cepas de C. jejuni se conserven viables y cultivables independiente de la morfología, se sometió a dos cepas de este a tres diversas condiciones de laboratorio evaluando morfología mediante tinción de Gram, viabilidad celular mediante pruebas bioquímicas y Citometría de Flujo. Ambas cepas lograron mantenerse viables y cultivables en dichas condiciones, tanto en la forma bacilar como en la cocoide, siendo la condición mas desfavorable para ambas cepas la temperatura ambiente (sobrevida de 4 días y 6 días), y mas favorable la bolsa hermética a 4° C (15 Y 22 días de sobrevida). La citometría de flujo resulto ser una buena herramienta para medir viabilidad de las cepas ensayadas, mostrando que las células cocoides presentaban alteraciones en la continuidad de su membrana, indicativo de perdida de viabilidad celular.

Campylobacter jejuni, a major causative agent of diarrhoeal syndrome in humans, is a bacterium that at low temperatures and under conditions of stress, coccoid cells form non-arable. To determine the conditions under which strains of C. jejuni is kept viable and cultivable, independent of the morphology, underwent two strains of C. jejuni three different laboratory conditions, and morphology was assessed by Gram stain, and cell viability by biochemical tests and flow cytometry. Both strains were able to remain viable and culturable in the three laboratory conditions, both in the form of bacilli in the coccoid form, being the most unfavourable condition for both strains, room temperature (survival of 4 days and 6 days), and the most favourable airtight bag 4 0 C (75 and 22 days of survival). The flow cytometry proved to be a good tool for measuring viability of the strains tested, showing that cells coccoid, showed alterations in the continuity of its membrane, indicative of loss of cell viability.

Consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en embarazadas / Consumption of alcohol and other drugs in pregnant women

La investigación sobre los efectos de las drogas, legales e ilegales, en el embarazo fue planificada, desde su inicio, como una forma de apoyar a quienes se desempeñan en el campo de la prevención y la asistencia a las adicciones en la sociedad uruguaya.Los instrumentos utilizados en la investigación fueron la entrevista cara a cara con la mujer en estado puerperal, dentro de las 48 horas después del nacimiento, los registros perinatales obtenidos de los archivos hospitalarios y las muestras de meconio de los recién nacidos las cuales fueron analizadas en la búsqueda de alcohol, tabaco, psicofármacos y drogas ilegales. La encuesta mostró un consumo durante la gestación de 41,7% de tabaco, 37% de alcohol, 16,5% de tranquilizantes, 68% de cafeína (mas de 400 mg/día), 1,5% de marihuana y 0,4% de pasta base.Las pruebas sobre meconio indicaron que el consumo en el embarazo fue de tabaco 51%, alcohol 40%, tranquilizantes 2,5%, marihuana 2%, anfetaminas 8,3%, cocaína/pasta base 2,5% y opiáceos 0,5%. La investigación encontró que 11% de los recién nacidos de la muestra fueron de bajo peso, y que 15% tuvieron problemas de salud. Los neonatos de madres fumadoras presentaron pesos al nacer estadísticamente más bajos que los restantes. Se halló asimismo que 8,9% de las madres carecían de control prenatal. El 34% de los médicos que controlaron el embarazo advirtió a las gestantes sobre los riesgos del hábito de fumar durante el embarazo, el 27% lo hizo en relación al consumo de alcohol y 7% sobre el uso de drogas ilegales.

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of drug consumption during pregnancy through an interview and biological samples and to investigate the information given concerning risks about drug consumption during pregnancy. The 1000 interviews performed were personal within 48 hours after labor, using perinatal registries taken from hospital archives. The meconium samples were tested for alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and tranquilizers. Through the survey, the results about consumption during pregnancy was 41.3 % for tobacco, alcohol 36.8%, tranquilizers 16.3%, caffeine 68% (more than 400 mg/day), cannabis 1.5% and 0.4% for base paste.The consumption in the meconium samples was 51.8% for tobacco, 43.5% for alcohol, 2.5% for tranquilizers, 2% for cannabis, 8.3% for amphetamines, 2.5% for cocaine/ base paste and 0.5% for opiates. 11 % of all newborns had low birth weight and 14.8 % had health problems. Newborns from smoking mothers had lower birth weights. 8,9 % of all the mothers did not control their pregnancy. Physicians who controlled the pregnancies warned their patients about associated risks with tobacco in 34%, 27% for alcohol and 7% for illegal drugs.

Experiencia clínica en la utilización de bolsa de polietileno para disminuir la hipotermia en el recién nacido menor de 1.000 gramos / Clinical experience in the utilization of polyethylene bag to diminish the hypothermia in the newborn that weights less than 1.000 grams

Introducción: el mantenimiento de la temperatura axilar en valores entre 36ºC y 36,9ºC es un paso importante en la reanimación del recién nacido en la sala de partos. En el año 2002 se realizó en el Servicio de Recién Nacidos del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) la auditoría de historias clínicas de recién nacidos menores a 1.000 g y se constató temperatura axilar inferior a 36º al ingreso en 84%. Objetivo: determinar si la utilización de bolsa de polietileno en la práctica clínica logra disminuir la incidencia de hipotermia en el recién nacido menor de 1000 g asistido en el Servicio de Neonatología del CHPR. Metodología: estudio prospectivo luego de la implementación de un protocolo de asistencia que incluye utilización de bolsa de polietileno en sala de partos. Se mide la temperatura axilar con termómetro de mercurio al ingreso a terapia intensiva.Población: recién nacidos menores de 1.000 g asistidos en el CHPR. Intervención: los neonatos menores de 1.000 g son colocados en una bolsa de polietileno hasta el cuello inmediatamente al nacimiento sin ser secados hasta su ingreso a terapia intensiva. Resultados: se incluyen 77 recién nacidos, 39 se colocan en bolsa de polietileno. La media de peso al nacer (818 g), edad gestacional (26 semanas), pH en arteria umbilical, Apgar y tiempo de permanencia en sala de partos son similares en ambos grupos. Se observa hipotermia en 14 de 39 menores de 1.000 g colocados en bolsa frente a 30 de 38 sin bolsa (p=0,0001). La media de temperatura axilar al ingreso en el grupo colocado en bolsa es de 36,1ºC (DE 0,3) versus 35,5ºC (DE 0,8). No se observa diferencia significativa en hemorragia intraventricular, hemorragia intraventricular severa ni muerte neonatal temprana. Conclusiones: en esta muestra con la utilización de bolsa de polietileno en la atención inmediata de los menores de 1.000 g se logra temperatura axilar 0,6ºC superior y disminución significativa de hipotermia al ingreso a terapia intensiva.

Introduction: the maintenance of a temperature between 36°C and 36.9°C is an important step in the survival of the newborn in the labor room. In the Neonatology Service at Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell the audit of clinical histories of less than 1.000 g newborns was done in the year 2002 showing that 84% had a temperature less than 36ºC. Objective: to determine if the use of a plastic bag reduces the incidence of hypothermia in less than 1.000 g newborns assisted at the Neonatal Service of the Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR).Methodology: a prospective study after the implementation of an assistance protocol which includes the use of plastic bags in labor room. The temperature was measured using a mercury thermometer at the entrance of intensive care. Sample: less than 1.000 g newborns assisted at CHPR. Intervention: less than 1.000 g newborns are placed in a plastic bag until the neck immediately after birth without being dried until they enter intensive care. Results: 77 newborns were included, 39 were placed in the plastic bag. Median birth weight was 818 g, gestational age was 26 weeks, pH in umbilical artery, Apgar and labor room stay were similar for both groups. Hypothermia happened in 14 of the 39 newborns placed in a plastic bag as of 30 of the 38 without bag (p=0,0001). Median temperature at admittance in the children placed in plastic bags was 36.1ºC (DE 0,3) versus 35,5ºC (DE 0,8). There was no significant difference in severe intraventricular hemorrage or early neonatal death. Conclusions: the use of plastic bag in the immediate assistance of less than 1.000 g newborns in this sample increased temperature in 0,6ºC and showed a significant reduction of hypothermia at the intensive care admittance.

Estafilococo meticilino resistente en la maternidad del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell / Staphylococcus aereus methicillin resistant in the maternity of the Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell

En la última década se ha informado a nivel mundial la aparición de infecciones causadas por cepas de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (SAMR) adquiridas en la comunidad. A nivel nacional se han realizado publicaciones pediátricas sobre este germen en pacientes ambulatorios y pacientes que requirieron internación. Ésta es la primera publicación nacional sobre recién nacidos con infecciones atribuibles a este germen. El objetivo de esta presentación es establecer la prevalencia de las infecciones causadas por el SAMR comunitario en el Servicio de Recién Nacidos del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rosell, sus formas de presentación, así como su sensibilidad a los antibióticos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo de recién nacidos a partir de julio de 2004 durante un año, en el que se incluyeron neonatos con infección por SAMR comunitario y que requirieron internación en algún sector del servicio. En un total de 7.553 recién nacidos vivos en dicho período, 33 pacientes presentaron infección a SAMR comunitario, nueve fueron reingresos desde el domicilio, el resto se presentó durante su estadía en el hospital. Un poco más de la mitad de los recién nacidos llevaron a cabo su estadía en alojamiento junto a su madre, el resto requirió algún sector de mayor complejidad. La forma de presentación habitual fue cutánea, habiéndose encontrado en seis casos enfermedad invasiva. En cuanto a la susceptibilidad a los antibióticos, todas las cepas fueron sensibles a vancomicina y trimetoprim-sulfametoxasol y sólo un caso de resistencia a la gentamicina, presentando resistencia variable a la clindamicina. Se produjeron tres fallecimientos entre los 33 pacientes, pero en solo uno de ellos se debió a esta infección.

In the last decade it had been reported the appearance worldwide infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant (SAMR) acquired at communities. There are nationals pediatrics publications about this germ that included nonhospitalize patients, this is the first national publication about infection caused by this germ in newborn. The outcome of this paper is to know the prevalence of the infection caused by comunitary Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant. A prospective and descriptive study was performed in newborn since July 2004 until a year was completed . During that period were included all newborn with community-acquired SAMR that recquired hospitalizacion. Of 7.553 newborn alive in that period, 33 were diagnosis with comunitary SAMR infection, 9 were admited from their homes, the rest were diagnosed during hospitalizacion after born. Half of them reminded with there mothers, 15 needed hospitalizacion in unit of special care. The most common presentation was cutaneous, six were invasive type. All strains were sensibility to antibiotics vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Only one was resistance to gentamicin, having a variable resistance to clindamicin. Three death in 33 patients, only one caused by this infection.

Estrategias para disminuir la mortalidad y morbilidad en los recién nacidos menores de 1.000 gramos en el sector público (Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Servicio de Recién Nacidos / Strategies to decrease mortality and morbility in newborns lower than 1.000g

Los recién nacidos menores de 1.000 gramos constituyen aproximadamente el 1% de los nacimientos del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell(CHPR) en los últimos cinco años. A pesar de este bajo número contribuyen en un alto porcentaje a la mortalidad perinatal. El objetivo es mostrar la tendencia que se observa luego de 5 meses de la implementación de un protocolo de atención de los menores de 1.000 gramos acorde con la realidad asistencial. Para disminuir la mortalidad y morbilidad en este grupo se diseña una estrategia de abordaje del tema en tres etapas: 1) Conocer la realidad, identificar los factores de riesgo más relevantes enel año 2002. 2) Poner en práctica un protocolo de manejo para modificar estos hallazgos. 3) Evaluarlos resultados luego de implementar dicho protocolo en el año 2004. La población analizada es la totalidad de los niños menores de 1.000 gramos que nacen en el CHPR y permanecen toda su internación en este centro en el período estudiado. Material y métodos: auditoría de las historias clínicas, elaboración de un protocolo de atención y evaluación en forma prospectiva de los resultados de la atención obstétrica y neonatal luego de su implementación. De los resultados se destaca un mejor manejo obstétrico objetivado en aumento del uso prenatal de corticoides de 26,5% en el 2002 a 40% en el 2004 y se obtienen recién nacidos con gasometríasde cordón sin acidosis en el 94% de los recién nacidos. En el 2004 mejora la sobrevida al 100% apartir de las 27 semanas y al 65% en los mayores de750 g en relación al 39% del año 2002.

Corioamnionitis histológica en el recién nacido menor de 1.000 gramos: incidencia y resultados perinatales / Histological choriamnionitis newborn less than 1000 grams: incidence and perinatal outcomes

Objetivo: evaluar la incidencia de corioamnionitis clínica e histológica en los neonatos menores de 1.000 gramos y su correlación con los resultados perinatales. Material y Método: se realiza un estudio descriptivo prospectivo entre mayo de 2004 y abril de 2005. Se incluyen recién nacidos con un peso al nacer entre 500 y 1.000 g con estudio histopatológico de la placenta