[Epidemiological aspects of the present-day demographic situation in Russia].

Study of reference rate in healthcare institutions in 1991 - 2001 demonstrated a steady growth of general mortality and disease incidence among the population (by 22.7% and 8.1%, respectively). The number of patients with acute and chronic diseases registered in 2001 was by 16.4% higher than that in 1991. These trends were characteristic of all disease classes, but the most intensive growth was observed in such classes as diseases of blood and hemopoetic organs (2.5 times), endocrinal and urogenital diseases (1.8 times). Disease incidence and general mortality among children aged 0 to 14 had grown by 25% and 33.2%, among adolescents--by 60% and 71.1%, among adults--by 5.2% and 20.3%, respectively. These negative trends in population health were accompanied by a constant growth of incapacitation rate in 1990 - 2000 (2.4 times, and 4.3 times among children and adolescents younger than 18). There is a correlation between mortality and traditionally used demographic parameters, which suggests that mortality should be recognized the key demographic parameter. In order to achieve a satisfactory level of population health and adequate demographic transition, and to develop general sanatory strategy, the State should undertake powerful, goal-seeking, society-oriented measures, including deep clinical and epidemiological study of human pathology.

[Hospital acquired infections among newborns and parturients from radionuclide contaminated and control territories]. / Zabolevaemost' gospital'nymi infektsiiami novorozhdennykh i rodil'nits na zagriaznennykh radionuklidami i kontrol'nykh territoriiakh.

The comparative epidemiological study of hospital acquired infections (HAI) prevalence among newborns and parturient women in radionuclide contaminated territories (RT) and control territories (CT) was carried out. Observation covered altogether 2,837,471 newborns, of these 1,617,047 in CT, and 2,378,877 parturient women, of these 1,352,831 in CT. A high level morbidity of thyroid gland diseases, diabetes mellitus, as well as puerperal sepsis and urogenital tract diseases, was detected among parturient women at RT. The specific feature of HAI among newborns in RT was high prevalence of hematological disturbances and hemolytic disease. Profound studies followed by specifically targeted programs and development of prophylactic measures should be carried out.

[Epidemiology and prophylaxis of hospital infections in obstetric and pediatric hospitals]. / Epidemiologiia i profilaktika vnutribol'nichnykh infektsii v akusherskikh i pediatricheskikh statsionarakh.

The analysis of reports of the obstetric and pediatric hospitals of Moscow for 1991-1998 revealed that, simultaneously with the deterioration of the quality of life of the population, not only a decrease in the birth rate, but also a rise in different forms of pathology in pregnant women and puerperae could be observed. The deterioration of the health characteristics of mothers was accompanied by the growth of high risk groups among newborns as well. Thus, the number of children, born sick or falling sick while staying in the obstetric clinics of Moscow, rose from 208 to 299 o/oo. Simultaneously with the growth of somatic pathology, a significant rise in infectious morbidity rate among newborns from 15 to 43 o/oo and a rise in death rate among newborns due to infectious pathology were noted. A complex of prophylactic measures is proposed. Their introduction will make it possible to decrease the probability of the appearance of severe forms of pathology in pregnant women and newborns, to ensure the effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance of hospital infections and to prevent their further growth among puerperae and newborns.

[The prevention of hospital infections in newborns and puerperae today]. / Profilaktika vnutrobol'nichnykh infektsii u novorozhdennykh i rodil'nits na sovremennom étape.

The analysis of reports of from maternity clinics and children's hospitals in the Russian Federation for the period of 1986-1994 showed that simultaneously with deterioration of the quality of life of the population not only a drop in the birth rate was registered, but also a significant increase in the appearance of different forms of pathology in pregnant and parturient women occurred. The deterioration of the characteristics of maternal health was accompanied by an increase in the number of high risk groups also among newborns. Thus, in the maternity clinics of the Russian Federation the number of children born sick or becoming sick shortly after birth rose 2.5-fold. Simultaneously with an increase in somatic pathology there was a significant rise in the number of cases of generalized infection among parturient women form 0.3 to 1.2%/1000, and cases of infections diseases among newborns from 10.4 to 21.5%/1000, as well as in infant mortality due to infections pathology. A complex of prophylactic measures is proposed; the realization of theses measures will make it possible to decrease the probability of the development of new severe forms of pathology in pregnant women and newborns, as well as to ensure effective epidemiological surveillance on hospital infections and to prevent their further rise among parturient women and newborns.