ABSTRACT
Adsorption of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1) by natural montmorillonite (MONT) and montmorillonite modified with copper ions (Cu-MONT) was investigated. Both MONTs were characterized using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) and scanning electron miscroscopy/electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The results of XRPD and SEM/EDS analyses of Cu-MONT suggested partial ion exchange of native inorganic cations in MONT with copper occurred. Investigation of AFB1 adsorption by MONT and Cu-MONT, at pH 3, 7 or 9, showed that adsorption of this toxin by both MONTs was high (over 93%). Since AFB1 is nonionizable, no differences in AFB1 adsorption by both MONTs, at different pHs, were observed, as expected. Futhermore, it was determined that adsorption of AFB1 by both MONTs followed a non-linear (Langmuir) type of isotherm, at pH 3. The calculated maximum adsorbed amounts of AFB1 by MONT (40.982mg/g) and Cu-MONT (66.225mg/g), derived from Langmuir plots of isotherms, indicate that Cu-MONT was much effective in adsorbing AFB1. Since, the main cation in an exchangeable position in MONT is calcium, and in Cu-MONT both calcium and copper, the fact that ion exchange of inorganic cations in MONT with copper increases adsorption of AFB1 suggests that additional interactions between AFB1 and copper ions in Cu-MONT caused greater adsorption.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxin B1/chemistry , Aflatoxin B1/metabolism , Bentonite/chemistry , Bentonite/metabolism , Copper/chemistry , Adsorption , Calcium/metabolism , Copper/metabolism , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito da fumonisina B1 (FB1) sobre o peso corpóreo e as vísceras (fígado, rim e coração) de codorna poedeira japonesa (Coturnix coturnix japonica), devido ao escasso dado toxicológico nesta espécie. Quatro grupos, sendo cada um constituído de 32 codornas de linhagem comercial, receberam ração contendo FB1 nas concentrações de 0 (controle), 10, 50 e 250mg kg-1, durante 28 dias. Observou-se uma redução (P<0,05) no peso corpóreo das aves submetidas ao tratamento 250mg kg-1 de FB1. Os pesos relativos do rim e do coração mantiveram-se semelhantes em todos os tratamentos (P>0,05), porém as aves do grupo 50 e 250mg kg-1 apresentaram aumento no peso relativo de fígado (P<0,05). Alterações histológicas foram constatadas apenas no fígado das aves alimentadas com ração contendo 50 e 250mg kg-1 de FB1, caracterizadas por hiperplasia moderada de ductos biliares e múltiplas áreas de necrose focal, indicando que a FB1 seja tóxica a partir de 50mg kg-1 para codornas de postura.
This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of fumonisin B1 (FB1) on body weight and viscera (liver, kidney and heart) of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), due to the little toxicological data on this species. Four experimental groups of 32 commercial quails were designed and exposed to ingestion test with feed containing 0 (controls), 10, 50 or 250mg FB1 kg-1 feed, during 28 days. Birds of group 250mg FB1 kg-1 showed lower body weight (P<0.05). Relative weights of kidney and heart were similar (P>0.05) among treatments. However, the relative weight of liver increased (P<0.05) in quail of groups received 50 and 250mg FB1/kg. Histological changes were observed only in the liver of groups receiving 50 and 250mgFB1 kg-1, which caused moderate biliary duct hyperplasia and multiple foci of hepatic necrosis. The data indicated that AFB1 at levels above 50mg kg-1 in laying Japanese quail.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) sobre as vísceras (fígado, baço e moela) de codornas poedeiras japonesas, em condiçöes de exposiçäo a baixas doses, tendo em vista que säo poucos os dados de toxicidade de longa duraçäo nesta espécie. Assim, foram constituídos 4 grupos formados, cada um, por 6 codornas de linhagem comercial, as quais receberam raçöes contendo AFB1 nas concentraçöes de 0 (controle), 25, 50 e 100mg.kg-1, durante 168 dias. As aves do grupo 100mg kg_1 apresentaram fígados com peso relativo médio menor (p < 0,05) do que o controle. Alteraçöes histológicas foram constatadas apenas no fígado, sendo que todas as amostras provenientes das codornas intoxicadas apresentaram degeneraçäo vacuolar macrogoticular, sugestivas de metamorfose gordurosa moderada a severa, particularmente nos grupos que receberam raçäo com os maiores níveis de AFB1 (50 e 100mg.kg-1). A hiperplasia de ductos biliares foi observada somente no grupo alimentado com 100mg.kg-1. Os resultados indicaram que a AFB1, a partir de 50mg.kg-1, pode ocasionar lesöes hepáticas significativas em codornas de postura, em condiçöes de exposiçäo prolongada.
