[Stochastic simulation of the process of matching of the ages of the human and the experimental mammalian].

The aim of the article is to work out the simple approach for matching of the ages of the human and mammalian. The model is based on the analysis of the counting processes of the proper ontogenetic events (such as the emergence of the first molars, the first ovulation, almost complete cessation of growth, menopause). The choice of the events is reduced to the claim of being observable. The matching (and proper concordance) are useful for the choice of the individual regimens of medical treatment.

[THE MODE OF CLARIFYING DIAGNOSTIC OF PROGRESSING FORMS OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA].

The ovarian carcinoma is the most frequent cause of death because of malignant neoplasins in women. At that, there is no pathognomonic symptoms permitting diagnosing stage of process with sufficient degree of confidence. This is a determinative not only for choosing treatment regimen but also for correlation of expected results of treatments with economic factors with purpose to evaluate cost effectiveness under monitoring of these patients. The study was carried out to develop mode of clarifying diagnostic of progressing forms of ovarian carcinoma on the basis of evaluation of oxidative modification of proteins in blood plasma. In 100 female patients with primary ovarian carcinoma (stage III and IV according FIGO,) in blood plasma 21 indicators were determined in blood plasma using standardized techniques: absolute number of leukocytes, absolute and relative number of neutrophils, products of oxidative modification of proteins of basic and ketonic character (under wavelength of 356, 370, 430, 530 nm), Her-2/neu CA-125, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 in blood serum and neutrophils, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-1ß, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, malonic dialdehyde, catalase, glutaihione transferase, glutathione reductase. The least squares method was applied to every parameter to appmximnate relative rates by density of Rayleigh distribution. For every indicator likelihood ratio functions of likelihood ratio were constructed and intervals at every stage were determined. The reliability of approximation was proved under testing with Pirson criterion hypothesis of compliance of practical values of parameters to theoretical law of density of distribution. The results permit to assert that level of oxidative modification of proteins cab be used as a reliable indicator for differentiated diagnostic of stage III and IV of ovarian carcinoma.

[Problems in using methods of analyzing gene expression in studying the aging process]. / Voprosy primeneniia metodov analiza ékspressii genov pri izuchenii protsessov stareniia.

Aging processes are now actively investigated on the base of analysis of changes in gene expression. Many of the standard methods (such as hierarchic clustering, method of K-means, SOM (Self-organizing maps), Gene Shaving, etc.) do not take into account the specifics of time sets. In the article the new approach of the analysis and clustering of genes based on the processing of time increments in their expressions is presented. Genes in the resulting groups behave concertedly with any chosen "pilot" gene or simply together. The methods of clustering were tested on the data of gene expressions of C. elegans in aging. In the article the specific claims of believability of the experiments are discussed.

[People fix radio because they can create them]. / Liudi chiniat priemniki, poskol'ku oni umeiut takie priemniki sozdavat'.

Comments to the article of Yu. Lazebnik Yu. "Can a biologist fix a radio?--Or, what I learned while studying apoptosis".

[Problems of the existence of "optimal" function survival functions in experiments of varying protein supplies to Mediterranean fruit flies]. / Problema sushchestovaniia "optimal'nykh" funktsii dozhitiia na primere éksperimentov variatsii rezhimov proteinovogo pitaniia Mediterranean fruit flies.

The paper is devoted to the discussion of the possibility of analyzing the changes in survival curves of Mediterranean Fruit Flies under different levels of reproduction by means of solving the optimization problem with some objective function. The investigation is carried out on the base of mathematical model with approximations resulting in the analysis of joint changes in survival functions and reproduction in flies subjected to different conditions of protein availability in food. The model describes possible mechanisms of evolutionary selection from the point of view of trade-off in average life span and reproduction.

[Mathematical and simulating model of accelerated aging induced by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine]. / Matematicheskaia imitatsionnaia model' uskorennogo stareniia, indutsirovannogo 5-bromo-2'-dezoksiuridinom.

The principles of stochastic modeling and simulation of the processes of aging and carcinogenesis by means of semimartingale methods are considered. The model fits to the experiments on activating of processes of aging be 5-bromodeoxiuridine postnatal exposure inducing genome instability. The model describes the multistage phenomena of aging and carcinogenesis by the system of stochastic equations in terms of multivariate and diffusion processes.

Have the oldest old adults ever been frail in the past? A hypothesis that explains modern trends in survival.

Three important results concerning the shape and the trends of the human mortality rate were discussed recently in demographic and epidemiological literature. These are the deceleration of the mortality rate at old ages, the tendency to rectangularization of the survival curve, and the decline of the old age mortality observed in the second part of the 20th century. In this paper we show that all these results can be explained by using a model with a new type of heterogeneity associated with individual differences in adaptive capacity. We first illustrate the idea of such a model by considering survival in a mixture of two subpopulations of individuals (called "labile" and "stable"). These subpopulations are characterized by different Gompertz mortality patterns, such that their mortality rates cross over. The survival chances of individuals in these subpopulations have different sensitivities to changes in environmental conditions. Then we develop a more comprehensive model in which the mortality rate is related to the adaptive capacity of an organism. We show that the trends in survival patterns experienced by a mixture of such individuals resemble those obtained in an analysis of empirical data on survival in developed countries. Lastly, we present evidence of the existence of subpopulations of phenotypes in both humans and experimental organisms, which were used as prototypes in our models. The existence of such phenotypes provides the possibility that at least part of today's centenarians originated from an initially frail part of the cohort.