ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to compare the synovial fluid concentrations and pharmacokinetics of amikacin in the equine limb distal to the carpus following intraosseous and intravenous regional perfusion. The front limbs of 6 horses were randomly assigned to either intraosseous or intravenous perfusion. A tourniquet was placed distal to each carpus and the limb perfused with 500 mg of amikacin. Systemic blood samples and synovial fluid samples were collected over 70 min from the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, and digital flexor sheath. The tourniquet was removed following the 30 min sample collection. The mean peak amikacin concentration for the DIP joint was significantly higher with intravenous perfusion. There were no significant differences in time to peak concentration or elimination half-life between methods at each synovial structure. Each technique produced mean peak concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 times that of recommended peak serum concentrations for therapeutic efficacy.
Subject(s)
Amikacin/administration & dosage , Amikacin/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Horses/metabolism , Synovial Fluid/metabolism , Animals , Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion/methods , Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion/veterinary , Cross-Over Studies , Female , Forelimb , Infusions, Intraosseous/methods , Infusions, Intraosseous/veterinary , Infusions, Intravenous/methods , Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary , MaleSubject(s)
Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities , Camelids, New World/abnormalities , Esophageal Achalasia/veterinary , Esophageal Stenosis/veterinary , Age Factors , Animals , Diagnosis, Differential , Esophageal Achalasia/diagnosis , Esophageal Achalasia/etiology , Esophageal Stenosis/diagnosis , Esophageal Stenosis/etiology , Male , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The object of this investigation was to determine the outcome of limb amputation in wapiti. Medical records of 13 wapiti that underwent limb amputation were reviewed to determine age, weight, sex, injury preceding amputation, limb amputated, amputation location, length of hospital stay, complications, and outcome. Ages ranged from 3 months to 8 years and weights from 70 kg to 280 kg. All animals were female. Eleven animals sustained catastrophic long bone fractures prior to amputation. Five animals had front limb amputations and 8 had hind limb amputations. Of these animals, 1 with a front limb amputaiton and 5 with hind limb amputations survived. Postsurgical inability to stand is associated with hospitalization of > 1 day. Of the 13 wapiti reviewed, 5 with hind limb amputations have produced and reared offspring. Hind limb amputation can be considered a viable alternative to euthanasia when catastrophic orthopedic injuries occur in female wapiti.
Subject(s)
Amputation, Surgical/veterinary , Deer/surgery , Forelimb/surgery , Hindlimb/surgery , Age Factors , Amputation, Surgical/rehabilitation , Animals , Body Weight , Deer/injuries , Female , Forelimb/injuries , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Fractures, Bone/veterinary , Hindlimb/injuries , Length of Stay , Osteomyelitis/surgery , Osteomyelitis/veterinary , Postoperative Complications/veterinary , Reproduction/physiology , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Tendon Injuries/veterinary , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A 14-month-old filly with chronic pharyngitis was diagnosed with incomplete esophageal constriction and megaesophagus due to a persistent right aortic arch. This report is unusual because clinical signs of respiratory dysfunction secondary to chronic regurgitation occurred prior to the recognition of dysphagia.
