Personal, interpersonal, and organizational influences on student satisfaction with clinical education.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Understanding the factors that contribute to student satisfaction may lead to improved education in physical therapy. This study tested the extent to which variables in the personal, interpersonal, and organizational domains influence satisfaction with clinical experiences. SUBJECTS: Physical therapist students (N = 113) in 2 phases of their clinical experiences at one private school participated. METHODS: A nonexperimental design tested 3 models for predicting overall satisfaction. Students completed 3 surveys and weekly logs during 8-week-long clinical experiences. RESULTS: The survey return rate was 96%. Overall satisfaction with the clinical experience was predicted by life satisfaction, gender, off-site events, on-site events, interaction between negative events and gender, instructor teaching skills, interaction between education phase and gender, variety, and use of selected orientation methods. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Overall satisfaction is predicted by variables in all 3 domains. Overall satisfaction was best explained by factors in the interpersonal domain and student gender. Causal research is needed to confirm whether satisfaction can be improved and whether the results apply to other students at other schools. The relationships among satisfaction, performance, later job satisfaction, and career commitment need to be explored further.

Sensitivities of Pityrosporum sp. to selected commercial shampoos.

Sensitivity of 25 strains of Pityrosporum sp. to four commercial shampoos was tested using a gel diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). All the shampoos when undiluted gave inhibition zones in the gel diffusion test with 13 of the 15 strains tested. Two strains were resistant to 'Polytar'. 'Polytar' was fungistatic, 'Selsun' 'Cetavlon P.C.' and 'Genisol' were fungicidal. MIC results showed the yeast to be most sensitive to 'Cetavlon' and 'Selsun'.

Electrophoretic comparison of the genomes of North American bluetongue viruses, one Australian bluetongue virus, and three other related orbiviruses.

The genomes of U.S. bluetongue viruses, an Australian bluetongue virus, and three other related orbiviruses were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genomes were comprised of ten segments of double-stranded (ds) RNA. Estimates of the molecular weights of the dsRNA segments revealed that the U.S. bluetongue serotypes were remarkably similar. Although the dsRNA profiles of the viruses exhibited common segments, each virus had a distinct dsRNA profile. The usefulness of the genome analysis as a diagnostic tool for identification and for epidemiologic studies is discussed.

Diversity of influenza A virus subtypes isolated from domestic poultry in Hong Kong.

The second phase of a 2-year influenza virus surveillance programme of domestic avian species in Hong Kong (up to October 1977) yielded influenza A virus, Newcastle disease virus, and Hong Kong paramyxovirus, as well as unidentified haemagglutinating agents. These viruses were isolated from the trachea or cloaca of apparently healthy domestic ducks, geese, and chickens originating from China and Hong Kong. Twenty-five combinations of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens were identified from the 136 influenza A viruses isolated. Eight of the combinations do not appear to have been previously reported - Hav3Nav2, Hav4Nav2, Hav4Nav4, Hav4Nav5, Hav4Neq1, Hav6Nav4, Hav6Nav6, and Hav9Nav1. The existence of such a diverse pool of influenza virus genetic information may play a role in the emergence of new human pandemic strains.

Identification of a swine influenza virus (Hsw1N1) isolated from a duck in Hong Kong.

An influenza A virus isolated from a duck during a recent surveillance study on commercial poultry from the People's Republic of China and the New Territories, Hong Kong, was shown to possess Hswl antigens related to that of the swine (Hsw1N1) influenza virus. The isolation of an Hsw1N1 influenza virus from ducks indicates that avian species, as well as pigs, may serve as a reservoir of this potential pathogen for humans. The virus was avirulent for ducks, turkeys, chickens, and pigs.

Vaccination for fowl plague.

Influenza A/turkey/Oregon/71 virus has antigenic characteristics of fowl plague virus but is avirulent for chickens. The virus was inoculated intratracheally in chickens at several dosage levels and resulted in the formation of antibody and immunity against fowl plague. The avirulent virus replicated in chickens and was recoverable by tracheal swab specimens up to 4 days after inoculation. Although the virus was transmitted to contact controls at the time when their cagemates were inoculated, it was not transmitted to contact controls placed with chickens inoculated 24 hours earlier. After 10 passages in chickens, the virus remained avirulent for chickens and turkeys.

Isolation and serological characterization of influenza A viruses from birds that were dead on arrival at Tokyo airport.

Twenty-two strains of influenza A virus isolated from caged birds which had been imported into Japan from India and Thailand and had died druing transportation to Tokyo. Serological tests divided these strains into two groups. Viruses in the first group contained Hav7 hemagglutinin and were related antigenically to A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 [Hav7 Neq2]; viruses in the second group contained Hav4 hemagglutining and were related to A/duck/Czech/56 [Hav 4 Nav 1]. All strains contained Neq2 neuraminidase that was closely related to that fo A/equine/Miami/1/63[Heq2 Neq2] and A/duck/Ukraine/1/63[Hav7 Neq2]. It was concluded that the strains in the first group were Hav7 Naq2 and those in the second group were Hav4 Neq2; both group of viruses showed antigenic drift from the prototype strains.

Jefferson fracture with disruption of the transverse ligament. A case report.

A 20-year-old male incurred a vertex injury of the skull, disruption of the transverse ligament of the atlas, and a Jefferson fracture--lateral displacement of the lateral masses of the atlas in relation to the lateral margins of the second cervical vertebra. The combination of Jefferson fracture with transverse ligament disruption was not appreciated initially (or even late) because of the head injury. The hospital course was complicated by the patient's initial unconsciousness and restlessness caused by associated intracranial injury. Roentgenograms in all views of the cervical spine were essential to its recognition and had to be carefully examined. Laminograms of the cervical spine showed a small anterolateral fragment on the right at the location of the tubercle attachment of the transverse ligament. Surgical stabilization is essential in this complex injury to protect the spinal cord from damage by subluxation and/or dislocation at the C1-C2 interval. Posterior cervical fusion of C1-C2 was performed at 4 1/2 weeks postinjury to allow time for healing of the ring of the atlas.

Persistence of Hong Kong influenza virus variants in pigs.

The A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) influenza virus which has not been isolated from man for several years, was recently isolated from pigs in Hong Kong. Influenza viruses similar to A/Victoria/3/75, which are currently circulating in man, were also isolated from pigs. Both above-mentioned viruses could be transmitted readily from pig to pig in experimental studies. The isolation of influenza viruses similar to A/Hong Kong/68 from pigs in 1976 suggests that pigs may serve as a potential reservoir for future human pandemics as well as a possible source of genetic information for recombination between human and porcine strains of influenza virus.

Post-traumatic cysts of soft tissue.

Post-traumatic cysts of soft tissue, formed by crushing and shearing strains, usually occur at the junction of the subcutaneous fat and deep fascia. They become filled with serosanguinous fluid and lined with fibrous tissue. Chronic cysts may either remain stable or occasionally expand, much like a subdural hematoma.