Curcumin and dexmedetomidine prevents oxidative stress and renal injury in hind limb ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model.

Curcumin and dexmedetomidine have been shown to have protective effects in ischemia-reperfusion injury on various organs. However, their protective effects on kidney tissue against ischemia-reperfusion injury remain unclear. We aimed to determine whether curcumin or dexmedetomidine prevents renal tissue from injury that was induced by hind limb ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Fifty rats were divided into five groups: sham, control, curcumin (CUR) group (200 mg/kg curcumin, n = 10), dexmedetomidine (DEX) group (25 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, n = 10), and curcumin-dexmedetomidine (CUR-DEX) group (200 mg/kg curcumin and 25 µg/kg dexmedetomidine). Curcumin and dexmedetomidine were administered intraperitoneally immediately after the end of 4 h ischemia, just 5 min before reperfusion. The extremity re-perfused for 2 h and then blood samples were taken and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS) levels, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured, and renal tissue samples were histopathologically examined. The TAC activity levels in blood samples were significantly lower in the control than the other groups (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). The TOS activity levels in blood samples were significantly higher in Control group and than the other groups (p < 0.01 for all comparison). The OSI were found to be significantly increased in the control group compared to others groups (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Histopathological examination revealed less severe lesions in the sham, CUR, DEX, and CUR-DEX groups, compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Rat hind limb ischemia-reperfusion causes histopathological changes in the kidneys. Curcumin and dexmedetomidine administered intraperitoneally was effective in reducing oxidative stress and renal histopathologic injury in an acute hind limb I/R rat model.

Optimal wrist position for long and short axis ultrasound guided radial artery cannulation.

BACKGROUND: The radial artery is the most common site for arterial cannulation. Procedures for improving radial artery cannulation have involved direct visualization of the vessel with ultrasonography (US). The aim of this study evaluate the short axis and long axis radial artery measurements at 0º, 45º, 60º wrist joint angle and find out the optimal wrist joint angle for long and short axis US guided radial artery cannulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee and the study was performed in accordance with the ethical principles for human investigations, as outlined by the Second Declaration of Helsinki. One hundred fifty-two (90 men and 62 women, 18-48 years of age, mean age: 32.9 ± 6.1) healthy volunteers were recruited. The radial artery distance between skin and height, width, area in short axis and radial artery distance between skin and height was measured in long axis at 0º, 45º, 60º wrist joint angle were measured. Results. Short axis radial artery distance between skin, width, height, area and long axis radial artery distance between skin, height were statistically significantly different among 0º, 45º, 60º (p< 0.05; for all comparisons). Short axis width was statistically significantly increased at 45º compared to at 0º (p< 0.001;). Short axis radial artery distance between skin and height at 45º were statistically significantly decreased than at 0º (p< 0.001; for all comparisons) and long axis skin distance and height at 45º were also statistically significantly decreased than at 0º (p< 0.001; for both comparisons). Short axis radial artery skin distance and area at 60º is statistically significantly decreased than at 45º (p< 0.001; for both comparisons) and also long axis height of radial artery at 60º is statistically significantly decreased than at 45º (p< 0.001;). CONCLUSIONS: Angle increment up to 45º might help clinicians for radial artery cannulation in short axis plane whereas this angle increment maneuver decreased the arterial height in long axis which might be a potential disadvantage for cannulation.