[Population characteristics of mucous tissue basocytes in the Mongolian gerbil's jejunum following the 12-day orbital flight onboard space platform "Foton-M3"].

Optical (light) microscopy and histochemical techniques were used for the first-ever studies of the population characteristics of tissue basocytes in the jejunum mucous membrane in three groups of gerbils Meriones unguiculatus: flown over 12 days aboard space platform Foton-M3, subjected to spaceflight factors simulation (SFS) in dedicated system Kontur-L (2) and maintained in standard vivarium conditions (control). Space flight was shown to induce quantitative and qualitative changes in the population of jejunum mucus labrocytes. Reduction of the basocytes population, alterations in age composition and ratio of the morphofunctional cell types in microgravity were indicative of cytoplasmic aggregation intensity, paths of biosynthesis products release into the intersticium, and their tinctorial properties. Also, heparin maturation and liberalization into the extracellular space in support of the jejunum mucus adaptive functions progressed with greater intensity. SFS did not affect size of the basocytes population significantly although it did cause qualitative rearrangements in the population structure.

[Jejunum intersticium in mongolian gerbils after the flight on spacecraft Foton-M3].

Methods of light optical microscopy were used to explore histoarchitectonics, topography and tinctorial properties of the extracellular phase of fibers of jejunum wall intersticium in Mongolian gerbils following 12-day orbital flight aboard Foton-M3, ground-based simulation of the spaceflight factors in the KONTUR-L facility, and in the group of biological control Postflight destructive changes were found in reticulin fibers (type-III collagen) of villi stroma, intercrypt intersticium and submucosa. Local acidophilia and fiber homogenization formed in type I collagen present in the intestinal subserous layer, muscular layers endomysium and submucose against the background of progressing edema and arterial, venous plethora and lymphostasis. Elastic component of the intersticium was disarranged in the structures of internal elastic membrane of submucous vessels, fragmented and partly reduced. Simulation of the orbital factors, except for microgravity, in the KONTUR-L facility called forth similar, although less often and diffuse, changes in intersticium fibers. The results of examination of intestinal intersticium fibers in the vivarium control gerbils discovered expressed species characters that should be taken into account by investigators, especially when comparing with data obtained from other animal species.

[Morphological changes in gastric wall of mongolian gerbils following the 12-day orbital flight aboard Foton-M3].

Gastric wall of Meriones unguiculatus is distinguished by species-specific properties arising from the peculiar proportion of interstitium, muscle and epithelial tissues. Exposure to the factors of the 12-d Foton-M3 flight led to microfocal lesions of the mucous coat, dystrophic developments in the acid glands, dissociation of the mucous barrier function and deterioration of its biosynthetic function. Modifications of the tinctorial properties of the interstitium reticulum in every stomach layer progressed concurrently with reductions in prismatic epithelium height, as well as in mucous and muscular layer thickness. It is assumed that existence in the low gravity aboard the Biosat stimulated involutory processes in the gastric wall. Animals of the ground synchronous control conducted in the flight equipment mockup (Kontur-L) exhibited though similar yet less pronounced changes.

[Tissue-specific reaction of the mucous coat of herbals' small gut under the influence of spaceflight factors on board biosat "Foton M3"].

Methods of light-optical microscopy, morpho- and cytometry and histochemisty were used to study the epithelial lining of herbal's small gut after 12-day flight in biosat "Foton M3". Changes in mucous coat histoarchitectonics included branching of villi and cystic lumps lined with prismatic epithelium. Shortening of the mucous membrane villi was accompanied by reduction of prismatic epithelium height, increase in the number of goblet cells and change of their dislocation, stimulation of excretion of biosynthesis products on the brush border surface pointing to impairment of the interstitial barrier function. Nothing evidenced change in mitotic index of the crypts epithelium in animals of the vivarium control, in the Kontur facility simulating the flight condition, and in the space flown herbals. There was a minor individual variability of changes in the epithelium mucous membrane due to the simulated flight factors.

[Rna content of gerbil hepatocytes after the flight aboard space platform Foton-M3].

The paper compares and contrasts the results of measuring the hepatocyte cytoplasm area and RNA content in 35 gerbils in three series of experiments, i.e. the vivarium control, modeled space flight (synchronous control) and exposure to the factors of 12-d Foton-M3 orbital flight. Central, intermediate and peripheral zones of hepatic lobes were subjected to histological and histochemical analyses to measure the hepatocyte cytoplasm area; the RNA content was determined from the level of cytoplasm basophilia after azure staining. Cytometric and cytophotometric investigations were performed using image analyzer Video-7-Test-Morpho. In the vivarium animals, hepatocytes with the largest cytoplasm localized predominantly in the intermediate and central zones of the lobes. Judging from the results of microdensitometry, the RNA content was particularly high in binucleate hepatocytes of the intermediate zone. In the synchronous control, hepatocytes tended to grow in size, in the peripheral zone specifically, whereas RNA content was largely equal no matter hepatocyte topography. After space flight, cytoplasm enlargement transcended this process in the vivarium animals. The cytoplasm RNA content along the entire liver parenchyma made a significant decrease equally as compared with the vivarium and synchronous control animals.

[Glycogen content in gerbil's liver following the spacecraft Foton-M3 mission].

Glycogen cytochemistry and distribution in hepatocytes of the classic liver lobules were studied in three groups of gerbils Meriones unguiculatus: vivarium, synchronous control and flown in the 12-d Foton-M3 mission. The control animals were shown to have the central glycogen distribution with a large pool of polysaccharides found in hepatocytes of the pericentral and intermediate lobules and a small pool in the periportal area. Glycogen in hepatocyte plasm was within the physiological norm in the alpha- and beta-granules, typically localized on the cell periphery. Exposure to the spaceflight conditions decreased significantly glycogen concentrations in each functional region of the hepatic lobules and reduced the gradient of polysaccharide distribution from the portal triads toward the central vein. In parallel, high glycogen heterogeneity formed in adjacent hepatocytes and loci. The presence of glycosomes evidenced disturbance of carbohydrates metabolism. In addition, intracellular topography of glycogen granules in cytoplasm was altered. Trends of glycogen in gerbils of the synchronous control were similar to the space flown animals but much less pronounced.

[Clinical histochemistry of the barrier function of gingival mucosa in periodontitis]. / Klinicheskaia gistgokhimiia bar'ernoi funktsii slizistoi obolochki desny pri parodontite.

Parodontium was investigated in 111 persons. The components of gingiva mucosa tissue barrier are presented. The biopolymers dynamics is revealed in periodontosis in its aggravation. The research, allowing to judge the resistance of parodontium, is recommended.

[Selection of surgical tactics in colonic obstruction]. / Vybor khirurgicheskoi taktiki pri obturatsionnoi tolstokishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

From 1989 to 1996, 322 patients with colonic obstruction due to tumors underwent surgery in Surgical clinic No 1 of the Ural National Medical Academy. Specimens of 283 tumors removed at surgery (n = 213) or autopsy (n = 70) were examined in 322 patients. Complications were observed after 144 operations (44.7%); in 82 cases they were fatal (25.5% postoperative mortality). Postmortem examination was performed in 70 cases of 82 (85.37%). Histological examination of the 283 specimens of the resected prestenotic colon wall provided a histological classification of colonic wall insufficiency by identifying its compensation, subcompensation and decompensation stages. For possible prediction of a high risk for death in each specific case, a correlation analysis of 23 factors presumably influencing on outcomes was carried out. A decisive rule of prediction was formulated.

[The prognosis of the immediate results of surgical treatment in colonic obstructive ileus of tumor origin]. / Prognozirovanie blizhaishikh rezul'tatov operativnogo lecheniia pri obturatsionnoi tolstokishechnoi neprokhodimosti opukholevogo geneza.

For making prognosis of high risk of the lethal outcome the authors used a correlative analysis of 23 factors influencing the treatment results. Ten of them have high correlation coefficients and reliably influence the level of postoperative lethality. The rule of the prognosing of the nearest results of operative treatment is formulated which allows the adequate assessment of the patient's state in dynamics and the timely correction of the process of treatment. The elaborated scheme of the score assessment is simple in use, informative and statistically reliable. It can be recommended for wide clinical practice.

[Cytochemical method for detecting dehydrogenase activity in the leukocytes of native blood smears]. / Tsitokhimicheskaia metodika vyiavleniia aktivnosti degidrogenaz v leikotsitakh nativnykh mazkov krovi.

A cytochemical method of detection of dehydrogenases in blood leucocytes is proposed. Native smears are dried up in the air to be incubated at 37 degrees C in gel-containing medium composed of polyvinyl alcohol, sucrose, a corresponding substrate, cofactors and inhibitors of cytochrome oxidases activity. Using corresponding media, activities of succinate, malate, glutamate, lactate-, alpha-glycerophosphate, alcohol, beta-oxybutyrate and glucoso-5-phosphate dehydrogenases were revealed. Half-reduced diformazan providing diffuse rosy staining of cells was removed after the incubation, and the incubation medium was washed out by rinsing the smears in 60% acetone solution. As a result monochromatic micropreparations may be received. Finally, smears are fixed in formalin. The above method provides a reduced loss of enzymes, preserves a good cell morphology and eliminates non-dehydrogenase effects of tetrazolium reduction into formazan.

[Role of pathological dedifferentiation in the level of exfoliation of elements of the multilayer epithelium of the uterine cervix]. / Rol' patologicheskoi disdifferentsirovki v urovne éksfoliatsii élementov mnogosloinogo épiteliia sheiki matki.

In cervical dysplasias, dissociation of intercellular junctions occurs to a degree that depends directly on the severity of the dysplastic process which involves the entire epithelium from the basement membrane to the surface layer. The present cytologic studies have demonstrated that as the severity of dysplasia increases, smears taken from exfoliative cells of the stratified squamous epithelium show proportional decreases in the number of cells from the upper epithelial layers and increases in that of cells from the lower levels. The findings obtained indicate that morphologic characterization of exfoliative cellular material may help in the early cytologic diagnosis of cervical disorders.

[Modeling of myocardial lesions of varying degrees of manifestation]. / Modelirovanie porazhenii miokarda razlichnoi stepeni vyrazhennosti.

Five variants of myocardial lesions of different degree were simulated in experiments on 8 dogs, 61 rabbits and 30 rats, namely micronecrosis, diffuse myocarditis, focal dystrophy, small- and large-focal myocardial infarction. The experimental models of heart lesions can be used for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms in cardiac pathology and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of new drugs in experimental pharmacology.