Forgiveness and well-being in mothers of children with disabilities.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the correlations between forgiveness and well-being in mothers of children with disabilities, considering the moderating role of contextual factors. BACKGROUND: Well-being in mothers of children with disabilities is associated with coping with the numerous and unique challenges of motherhood. These are often accompanied by a sense of guilt, harm, and shame. Forgiveness can play an important role in lowering these negative emotions. METHOD: The research was conducted with 174 mothers of children with disabilities, using the Emotional Forgiveness Scale; the Decision to Forgive Scale; and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Contextual factorssuch as: severity of transgression, apology, and the quality of the relationship with the offender were also measured. Moderation analyses were used to examine the associations between the variables. RESULTS: Decisional and emotional forgiveness correlated positively with well-being. Contextual factors moderated only the relationship between emotional forgiveness and well-being. Severity of the transgression and apology had a moderating effect in the case of the Presence of positive emotions, and relationship quality in the case of Reduction of negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS: The well-being of mothers of children with disabilities is associated with both decisional and emotional forgiveness. Contextual factors are an important moderator of the relationship between emotional forgiveness and well-being in these mothers. IMPLICATIONS: Information about the importance of the relationship between forgiveness and well-being can be used to design therapeutic programs and programs supporting mothers of children with disabilities in coping with difficulties and achieving well-being. Such programs can incorporate, for example, forgiveness training.

The lived experience of fathers with intellectual disabilities: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Fathers with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities (ID) are under-represented in research. This article explores the lived childhood experiences of fathers with ID using interpretive phenomenology to understand the meanings ascribed to these experiences and how this has shaped their understanding of self. Rich data was collected through in-depth interviewing of fathers in Poland. The analysis yielded thirteen constituent themes and four superordinate themes: traumatic experiences; resilience; the positive impact of significant others; and becoming a better parent. Many fathers focused on traumatic experiences associated with problematic parental practices (abuse, neglect, parental substance misuse) and discrimination in schools. Participants made meaning of adverse experiences especially resilience, strengths and a determination to be a better parent, which helped them cope with adverse situations. This study provides insights into the impact of lived childhood experiences of these fathers, which in many ways shapes their own parental practices.

Posttraumatic growth and interpersonal forgiveness in persons with physical disabilities.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a relationship between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and forgiveness in people with physical disabilities, and whether contextual factors moderate the association. RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN: Two hundred and sixty seven persons with physical disabilities completed Polish versions of three inventories: Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Decision to Forgive Scale (DTFS), and Emotional Forgiveness Scale (EFS). The participants also assessed contextual factors of offenses, such as transgression severity, apology being offered, and quality of the relationship with the offender. The associations between the variables were examined using correlation and moderation analyses. In the moderation model, PTG was posited as a predictor, offence-specific factors as subsequent moderators, and forgiveness (decisional and emotional) as outcome variables. RESULTS: PTG was positively associated with decisional and emotional forgiveness, and not related to contextual factors. Transgression severity, apology, and relationship quality were correlated with forgiveness. The quality of the victim-offender relationship was the only contextual variable to moderate the association between PTG and emotional forgiveness. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: PTG and forgiveness are positively related and their association is moderated by the context of the transgression to a minor extent. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Associations between post-traumatic growth and wisdom in people with long-term paraplegia - the role of disability appraisals and participation.

PURPOSE: The number of people with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) is growing but our knowledge about their successful functioning is still limited. The goal of this study was to investigate the correlations between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and wisdom in people with long-term paraplegia, exploring the mediating effect of disability appraisals, and participation/autonomy (P/A). METHODS: One-hundred and sixty-six persons with paraplegia completed a set of questionnaires, which included: The three-dimensional Wisdom Scale; The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory; Appraisals of Disability Primary and Secondary Scale; Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire. Mediation was tested using bootstrapping and a multiple mediation model with two mediators. RESULTS: Positive and significant correlations between PTG, disability appraisals (as determined resilience), P/A, and wisdom were found. PTG is associated with wisdom when disability appraisals and P/A are mediators. Higher PTG was related to higher determined resilience and smaller restrictions in participation, both of which were associated with higher wisdom. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between PTG and wisdom is complex and indirect in people with long-term paraplegia. The mediating variables of disability appraisals and P/A explained the variance in PTG, with P/A playing a more significant role. Findings suggest that long-term SCI may correlate with experiencing high levels of PTG and wisdom, and more positive disability appraisals.Implications for rehabilitationPTG is associated with life wisdom in people with long-term SCI, with a significant contribution of disability appraisal and P/A.Therapists can increase these people's awareness about the possibility of experiencing PTG and maintaining positive changes, despite long-term SCI.Therapists can support people with long-term SCI in maintaining or extending the possibilities of participation and autonomous decision-making about their daily activities, which in consequence may be important for increasing their life wisdom.

Sense of Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in Mothers of Children with Cystic Fibrosis-The Moderating Role of Resilience.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between sense of stress and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in mothers of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of 139 mothers of children with CF. A diagnostic survey with Polish versions of the inventories was used. RESULTS: Over half of the mothers (52.89%) reported average and 26.11% high levels of general sense of stress. Mothers also experienced high (37.68%) and average (34.06%) PTG. Generally, mothers of children with CF manifested low general resilience. Sense of stress and PTG were significantly and positively correlated in this group of mothers. Positive correlations were revealed between resilience (total and individual dimensions), total PTG, and 1 dimension of PTG: changes in self-perception. Moreover, resilience was found to correlate with sense of stress. The obtained results indicate that resilience manifested as an optimistic life attitude and the ability to mobilize in difficult situations, and tolerance of failures and treating life as a challenge is a moderator in the relationship between sense of stress and PTG. CONCLUSION: The relationship between sense of stress and PTG in mothers of children with CF depends on the level of resilience.

Positive Orientation and Posttraumatic Growth in Mothers of Children with Cystic Fibrosis - Mediating Role of Coping Strategies.

PURPOSE: Analyzing the relationship between positive orientation and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in mothers of children with cystic fibrosis including the mediating role of coping strategies. DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using questionnaires. The sample was 144 mothers of children with cystic fibrosis (average age 37.25 years, SD = 6.50) recruited in the CF Foundation MATIO in Poland. The main measures included the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), The Positivity Scale, and the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE). Mediation was tested with Preacher and Hayes' model 4, including coping strategies as a mediator on the relationship between positive orientation and PTG. RESULTS: Most examined mothers (105-72.91%) revealed high or average levels of posttraumatic growth. Positive orientation was positively (but weakly) correlated with PTGI total and all its dimensions. Additionally, coping strategies, especially focus on problem and seeking emotional support, were mediators between positive orientation and all dimensions of PTG. Full mediation was observed for PTG dimension: changes in relations to others. CONCLUSION: Positive orientation and coping strategies are important for explaining post-traumatic growth in mothers of children with cystic fibrosis. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Therapeutic interventions and support programs for mothers of children with cystic fibrosis may increase mothers' awareness of experiencing PTG. Learning effective and flexible stress coping strategies can foster positive changes.

Forgiveness and acceptance of disability in people with traumatic spinal cord injury-the mediating role of disability appraisal. A cross-sectional study.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study using questionnaires. OBJECTIVES: This paper investigates the correlation between forgiveness and acceptance of disability and mediation effects of appraisal of disability in people with traumatic spinal cord injury (T-SCI). SETTING: Community-dwelling people with T-SCI in Poland. METHODS: The study assessed forgiveness, appraisal of disability, and acceptance of disability. The association between all the variables was examined by Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple mediation macro Preacher and Hayes' (Behav Res Methods 40:879-91, 2008)-model 4, including appraisals of disability as a mediator on the relationship between forgiveness and acceptance of disability. RESULTS: Participants were 163 adults with T-SCI (63 females and 100 males, the average age of the sample was 39.6, SD = 9.38). Forgiveness showed a significant relationship with all dimensions of acceptance of disability. In addition, appraisal of disability, especially determined resolve, overwhelming disbelief, and negative perceptions of disability were mediators between forgiveness and all dimensions of acceptance of disability. In case of acceptance of disability as a subordinating physique relative to other values, full mediation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Forgiveness along with appraisal of disability is important for explaining disability acceptance. Promoting forgiveness and positive assessments of disability at the same time weakening negative assessments of disability can be favorable for making necessary changes in values, and as a result, for strengthened mental health and successful psychosocial adaptation in individuals with T-SCI.

Do beliefs influence posttraumatic growth in fathers of children with intellectual disabilities?

BACKGROUND: Although facing a child's intellectual disability (ID) is considered to threaten paternal psychosocial wellbeing, in recent years there has also been a burgeoning interest in positive contributions of raising children with ID, including posttraumatic growth (PTG) in parents. METHOD: 142 fathers of children with ID completed Polish versions of three inventories: The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Basic Hope Inventory (BHI), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The average child's age was 11.06 (range: 7-13 years). The stages of the analysis included: descriptive statistics for posttraumatic growth (PTG), basic hope (BH), and self-efficacy (GSE), correlation analysis and the Preacher and Hayes procedure of bootstrapping to test whether GSE mediates the relationship between BH and PTG. RESULTS: 85.91 % of fathers of children with ID experience average or high levels of PTG with the highest scores in its two dimensions: greater appreciation of life, and positive changes in relations with others. PTG is significantly negatively related to a child's age. GSE is a significant mediator of the relationship between BH and PTG (total score and all dimensions). CONCLUSION: The importance of beliefs for experiencing positive changes as a result of raising a child with disability may be useful in therapeutic and supportive activities offered to fathers who experience difficulties in fulfilling their paternal role.

Basic hope and posttraumatic growth in people with traumatic paraplegia- the mediating effect of acceptance of disability.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES: Investigating the correlations between basic hope, acceptance of disability, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in people with traumatic paraplegia, exploring the mediating effect of acceptance of disability. SETTING: Community-dwelling people with traumatic paraplegia in Poland. METHODS: Data were obtained from 281 individuals with paraplegia. The set of questionnaires included: The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI); Basic Hope Inventory (BHI); and The Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale. Four dimensions of disability acceptance were measured: subordinating physique relative to other values, enlarging the scope of values, transforming comparative-status values into asset values, and containing the effects of disability. Mediation was tested with the Baron and Kenny's approach. RESULTS: A positive and statistically significant correlation between basic hope, acceptance of disability, and posttraumatic growth was found. Using a hierarchical regression analysis, a mediating effect of acceptance of disability was found for explaining the relationship between basic hope and posttraumatic growth in people with paraplegia. Only two dimensions of disability acceptance, subordinating physique relative to other values and transforming comparative-status values into asset values, were found to play a mediating role. CONCLUSION: Beliefs about the world and the transformation of values ​​that constitute acceptance of disability are important for explaining PTG in people with paraplegia. Correlations between these variables are complex. The correlation between basic hope and posttraumatic growth in individuals with paraplegia may be understood better by taking into account the mediating role of acceptance of disability.