Professionals' digital competences and user profiles in social agencies and their impact on professional practice, family autonomy and wellbeing.

Introduction: The health crisis of the last 3 years has revealed the weaknesses of the child and family support system based on the professional use of digital resources in social agencies. This study addresses three aims: to examine the level of professional digital competence; to analyze the user profiles in a variety of digital resources; and to test the impact of level of competences and user profiles on four aspects: professional practice, family satisfaction with the services, child and family wellbeing, and family autonomy in the exercise of the parenting role. Methods: Participants were 148 practitioners from social agencies who voluntarily responded to an online survey with 47 questions. Results and discussion: Results showed that professionals perceive themselves as more competent in areas of information / data management and communication / collaboration than in the creation of digital content, security measures, and technical problem solving. Websites, email, and instant messaging were the sources more frequently used and with higher satisfaction, than structured programs, social networks and multimedia content. Variability in the user profiles showed three clusters: Cluster 1 Social network user (n = 13), Cluster 2 Diversified user (n = 75) and Cluster 3 Communicative instant user (n = 60). Participants in Cluster 2 compared to those in the other clusters were the most proficient on their digital competences and acknowledge the positive impact of digital resources on their professional practice and the psychological and social wellbeing of families. This study points the need for improvement in professionals' digital competences in some of the measured areas and the user profile of digital resources since both provide benefits on professional practice and family autonomy and wellbeing.

Evaluation of Programmes under the Positive Parenting Initiative in Spain:Introduction to the Special Issue / La evaluación de programas bajo la iniciativa de la parentalidad positiva en España: introducción al número especial

The prevention science has endorsed standards for evidence related to research on programme evaluation. However, some controversies persist regarding its application in the provision of family support under the European Positive Parenting initiative. This Special Issue aims to map the expansion of preventive family support programmes in Spain and to contrast the quality of the evidence against the prevention standards according with the European Family Support Network. Members of the Spanish Family Support Network made up of entities in several sectors identified 57 programmes implemented in Spain and filled in a formative evaluation sheet for each programme. The articles in this issue analysed the results of four main aspects in all programmes: description, implementation, evaluation, and impact/sustainability. The findings will inform the scope and variety of support provided and the quality of programmes in Spain, providing guidelines for improvement and addressing challenges to reinforce quality assurance in child and family services.(AU)

La ciencia de la prevención avala los estándares de evidencia relativos a la investigación en evaluación de programas. Sin embargo, hay aún controversia en cuanto a su aplicación a la prestación de apoyo familiar bajo la iniciativa europea de la parentalidad positiva. El número especial tiene por objeto mapear la extensión de los programas preventivos de apoyo familiar en España y comparar la calidad de las pruebas con los estándares de prevención de la Red Europea de Apoyo Familiar. Los miembros de la Red Española de Apoyo Familiar, formada por entidades de varios sectores, han identificado 57 programas que se utilizan en España y cumplimentado una ficha de evaluación formativa para cada programa. Los artículos de este número analizan los resultados de cuatro aspectos principales de todos los programas: descripción, implementación, evaluación e impacto/sostenibilidad. Los resultados describen el panorama y variedad del apoyo brindado y la calidad de los programas en España, proporcionando orientación sobre mejora y abordando los desafíos para reforzar la garantía de calidad en los servicios para la infancia, adolescencia y familias.(AU)

Context, Process, and Participant Response in the Implementation of Family Support Programmes in Spain / El contexto, el proceso y la respuesta de los participantes en la implementación de programas de apoyo familiar en España

Implementation research addresses how well a programme is conducted when applied in real-world conditions. However, research based on quality standards is still scarce as it requires monitoring context, process, and participant response. This study applies implementation quality standards to 57 Spanish parenting and family support programmes identified in the COST European Family Support Network project, using an ten-component evaluation sheet sheet. Descriptive analyses showed a good implementation level. The latent profile analysis identified four patterns defined by programme setting: profile 1, Social Services/NGO setting (21.1%), profile 2, Health setting (31.6%), profile 3, Multi-setting (14%), and profile 4, Educational setting (33.3%), differing in professional discipline, training, participant response, and professional perception of implementation. Profile memberships were related to programme outcomes, scaling up, and sustainability. Findings illustrate conceptual and practical challenges that researchers and professionals usually encounter during implementation, and the efforts required to deliver programmes effectively in real-world settings in Spain.(AU)

La investigación sobre implementación se ocupa de la calidad con la que se aplica un programa en condiciones del mundo real. Sin embargo, la investigación basada en patrones de calidad es aún escasa, ya que requiere supervisar el contexto, el proceso y la respuesta de los participantes. El presente estudio aplica los patrones de calidad a 57 programas españoles de apoyo parental y familiar identificados en el proyecto COST-European Family Support Network, enlos que se utilizó una hoja de evaluación de diez componentes. Los análisis descriptivos mostraron un buen nivel de implementación. El análisis de clases latentes detectó cuatro perfiles definidos por el entorno donde se aplica el programa: el perfil 1, contexto de los servicios sociales/ONG (21.1%), el perfil 2, contexto sanitario (31.6%), el perfil 3, diversos contextos (14%), y el perfil 4, entorno educativo (33.3%), que difieren en la disciplina del profesional, la formación, las respuestas de los participantes y la percepción que tiene el profesional sobre la implementación. La pertenencia a los diversos perfiles se relacionaba con los resultados del programa, su ampliación a gran escala y la sostenibilidad. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto los desafíos conceptuales y prácticos que tanto investigadores como profesionales suelen encontrar durante la implementación, así como los esfuerzos necesarios para aplicar los programas de forma efectiva en contextos reales en España.(AU)

Introducing Parenting Support in Primary Care: Professionals' Perspectives on the Implementation of a Positive Parenting Program.

While positive parenting programs are an initiative aligned with the Family-Centered Care model and the Council of Europe's Recommendation on Positive Parenting, implementation in healthcare centers remains a challenge. The aims of this study were to (1) investigate how the hybrid version (online course plus face-to-face activities) of the program "Gain Health & Wellbeing From 0 to 3" was implemented in Spain from professionals' perspective, and (2) explore the perceived impact of this hybrid version of the program on the implementers' professional development. We used a qualitative mixed-methods design that included focus groups and surveys. Fifty professionals from 17 centers completed the survey on professional development. Thirty-one of these also participated in the focus groups to address the first aim. The key themes identified from the focus group were professional training, parent recruitment, program features, organizational issues, parental responses, and program sustainability. Survey results related to positive professional impact fit nicely with subthemes concerning collaboration with parents, parental needs, center coordination, and future expectations. The perceived relevance of the parenting program and its positive impact on the implementers' professional development were potential predictors for the adoption and sustainability of the program in the public health system.

The Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Family Support across Europe: A Narrative Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to deliver parenting and mental health support services to families. This narrative review illustrates the diverse ways in which ICT is being used across Europe to provide family support to different populations. We distinguish between the use of ICT in professional-led and peer-led support and provide implementation examples from across Europe. We discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of different ways of using ICT in family support and the main developments and challenges for the field more generally, guiding decision-making as to how to use ICT in family support, as well as critical reflections and future research on its merit.

[Evaluation of the strategy of parental support at primary health care as a reinforcement of the online course 'Gaining health and wellbeing from birth to three'.] / Evaluación de la estrategia de apoyo parental en atención primaria como refuerzo al curso a distancia "Ganar salud y bienestar de 0 a 3 años".

OBJECTIVE: E-parenting is an opportunity to provide parental support as a universal prevention strategy. This study analysed the extent to which the promotion actions improve universal use of the online course 'Positive parenting: Gaining health and wellbeing from birth to three' (GH&W) (http://aulaparentalidad-msssi.com/) at the primary care centers. METHODS: The profile of participants and the adherence to the course in a national sample of families using the GH&W course were compared with another Canarian sample distributed in three groups: only GH&W (level 1), GH&W + face-to-face group activities (level 2), and users who also received individual support in the medical checking (level 3). It was carried out in 20 health centers on the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria randomly assigned to one of the three levels. Participants were 175 national parental figures and 160 parental figures users of the Canary Health Service, both with children from 0 to 3 years. The sociodemographic profile and the completion rate of the GH&W were registered, as well as a template of implementation quality indicators for innovative experiences. To compare the sociodemographic profile differences between groups, a Chi-square contingency analysis with standardized residuals was performed. RESULTS: Compared to the national sample mainly of high educational level, primiparous mothers and 14% completion, the Canarian sample attracted different educational levels and multiparous mothers, with a higher completion rate at levels 2 and 3 (62.5% and 67.5%) than at level 1 (38.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The universal use of the course and its adherence improve due to the inclusion of face-to-face activities. The implementation process in the selected health centers satisfactorily meets the quality indicators of an innovative initiative.

OBJETIVO: La educación parental en línea es una oportunidad de proporcionar apoyo parental como estrategia de prevención universal. Se pretendió analizar en qué medida las acciones de dinamización mejoran el uso universal del curso a distancia "Parentalidad positiva: Ganar salud y bienestar de 0 a 3 años" (GSB) (http://aulaparentalidad-msssi.com/) en los centros de Atención Primaria. METODOS: Se comparó el perfil de participantes y la adherencia al curso en una muestra nacional de familias usuarias del curso GSB (175), con otra muestra canaria (160) usuaria de 20 centros de salud de las islas de Tenerife y Gran Canaria asignados aleatoriamente en tres grupos: sólo GSB (nivel 1), GSB + actividades presenciales grupales (nivel 2), y usuarios que además recibían apoyo individual en la consulta (nivel 3). Se analizó el perfil sociodemográfico y el porcentaje de finalización del curso GSB, así como una plantilla de indicadores de calidad de la implementación para iniciativas innovadoras. Se realizó un análisis de contingencia Chi Cuadrado con residuos tipificados para comparar el perfil sociodemográfico entre los grupos. RESULTADOS: Respecto a la muestra nacional, con un nivel educativo más alto y madres primíparas con el 14% de finalización, la muestra canaria estuvo compuesta de distintos niveles educativos y madres multíparas con un porcentaje de finalización mayor en los niveles 2 y 3 (62,5% y 67,5%) que en el nivel 1 (38,5%). CONCLUSIONES: El uso universal del curso y su adherencia mejora por la inclusión de actividades presenciales. El proceso de implementación en los centros de salud seleccionados cumple satisfactoriamente con los indicadores de calidad de una iniciativa innovadora.

Feasibility and effectiveness of 'gaining Health & wellbeing from birth to three' positive parenting programme / La viabilidad y la eficacia del programa de parentalidad positiva Ganar salud y bienestar de 0 a 3 años

Parental promotion of an adequate environment during early childhood results in healthy child development. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of the positive parenting programme, 'Gaining health and wellbeing from birth to three' (GH&W), as a universal prevention strategy. Participants were 87 parents with children < 36 months old attending 20 primary care centres. Centres were randomly assigned to three GH&W intervention levels: online course (level 1), online course plus group workshops (level 2), and online course plus group workshops plus individual support at medical check-ups (level 3), delivered by healthcare professionals. As for feasibility, participants in levels 2 and 3 reported higher utility and satisfaction with the online course than participants in level 1. Pretest-posttest comparisons and cluster analysis showed that participants in level 3 achieved the best results and were associated with a consolidated cluster characterised by improvements in health promotion activities, parental self-regulation, and satisfaction with the service, whereas participants in levels 1 and 2 showed fewer improvements and were associated with initial and transitional clusters. The GH&W programme improves the universal reach of web-based courses and efficiently activates the contribution of the primary care system to the support network for healthy child development and wellbeing

La promoción de entornos saludables en el contexto familiar durante la primera infancia es clave para el desarrollo infantil. Este estudio evaluó la viabilidad y la eficacia del programa de parentalidad positiva "Ganar salud y bienestar de 0 a 3 años" (GSB) como estrategia de prevención universal. Participaron 87 figuras parentales con hijos o hijas de menos de 36 meses usuarios de 20 centros de salud. Los centros fueron asignados aleatoriamente a tres niveles de intervención del GSB: curso online (nivel 1), curso online más talleres grupales (nivel 2) y curso online, más talleres grupales, más apoyo individual en revisiones médicas (nivel 3) implementado por los equipos de pediatría. Respecto a la viabilidad, los participantes de los niveles 2 y 3 consideraron más útil y satisfactorio el curso online que los participantes del nivel 1. En las comparaciones pretest-postest y el análisis de clúster el nivel 3 logró los mejores resultados y se asoció al clúster consolidado caracterizado por mejoras en rutinas saludables, autorregulación parental y satisfacción con el servicio, mientras que los niveles 1 y 2 mostraron menos mejoras y se asociaron al clúster inicial y de transición. El programa GSB amplía el alcance universal del curso online e implica eficazmente al sistema sanitario en la red de apoyo al desarrollo saludable y del bienestar infantil

Satisfacción parental con el apoyo recibido durante la primera infancia por el equipo de pediatría: desarrollo y validación de un cuestionario / Parental satisfaction with the support received during the early childhood by paediatric team: development and validation of a questionnaire

FUNDAMENTOS: La Estrategia de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención de la Enfermedad del Sistema Nacional de Salud incluye una línea de prevención destinada a la infancia de cero a tres años que promueve el apoyo a las figuras parentales en la atención primaria. Este artículo describe el desarrollo y la validación de un cuestionario que evalúa la satisfacción de las figuras parentales con el apoyo recibido por el equipo de pediatría. MÉTODOS: Participaron 226 figuras parentales con hijos/as entre 0 y 36 meses, que eran usuarios del Servicio Canario de Salud. Los datos se recogieron durante los años 2018 y 2019. Para la validación del instrumento, se realizó un análisis factorial mediante un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales Exploratorio con rotación oblimin, y el método de estimación de ponderación de mínimos cuadrados para su confirmación. Además, se analizaron las diferencias individuales según las variables sociodemográficas, y la salud infantil mediante ANOVAs. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una estructura factorial óptima de cuatro factores y 14 ítems, con una fiabilidad de alfa=0,84, que recogen la "Adecuación del servicio", el "Descontento con el servicio"', la relación de "Colaboración del profesional con la familia" y la promoción de la "Capacitación parental". El análisis del perfil sociodemográfico indicó que a mayor nivel educativo de las figuras parentales se constata una menor satisfacción con el servicio. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha elaborado una herramienta útil de evaluación para mejorar la calidad del servicio, de acuerdo con el Modelo Centrado en la Familia y el marco europeo de la Parentalidad Positiva, que cumple con las garantías psicométricas de validez y fiabilidad

BACKGROUND: The Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy of the Spanish National Health System has a prevention line aimed at early childhood in which parental support is promoted at primary care settings. This article describes the development and validation of a questionnaire that assesses parental satisfaction with the support received by the paediatric team. METHODS: Participants were 226 parental figures with children from birth to three, users of the Canarian Health System. Data was collected during 2018 and 2019. The factor structure was obtained by Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) with oblimin rotation, and the estimation method using the Weighted Least Squares with moving measurement window (WLSMW) for confirmatory purposes. Moreover, individual differences were analysed through sociodemographic variables and child health status by means of ANOVAs. RESULTS: The main results showed an optimal factorization of the construct involving a four-factor model and 14 items with a reliability of alpha=0.84, dealing with 'Adequacy of the service', 'Discontent with the service', 'Collaboration with the family', and promotion of 'Parental capacity'. The socio-demographic profile analysis showed that a higher educational level was related to lower satisfaction with the service. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire is an useful assessment tool to improve the quality of the service, according to the Family-Centred Model and the Positive Parenting European framework, which meets psychometric guarantees of validity and reliability

Implementation factors that predict positive outcomes in a community-based intervention program for at-risk adolescents / Factores de implementación que predicen resultados positivos en un programa de intervención comunitaria para adolescentes en situación de riesgo psicosocial

This study examines the impact of the Building My Future program's implementation variables on attendance rate and on changes in personal, problem-solving, and community competencies. The program is run by local Social Services from Castile and Leon, Spain, and offers opportunities for adolescents to propose and carry out youth-led activities in their community. Data were accumulated from 356 participants, the majority experiencing negative psychosocial conditions, attending a total of 32 groups from 2013 to 2016. Using binary logistic regression and hierarchical linear regression analyses, results showed that having a facilitator with less professional experience, attending larger groups, having a high level of family involvement, and performing fewer modules and fewer extra activities predicted higher attendance rates and more positive task orientation, self-concept, social realization, and problem-solving competencies. Being younger, from an urban area, and having a facilitator with less professional experience predicted a higher score in community integration. These findings reveal that several program implementation components can contribute to the program's development and effectiveness and can also be considered across multiple programs in this field of practice

Este estudio examina la influencia de las variables de la aplicación del programa "Construyendo mi futuro" en el índice de asistencia y el cambio en competencias personales, de resolución de problemas y comunitarias. El programa se ofrece desde los Servicios Sociales de Castilla y León, España, brindando oportunidades para que adolescentes propongan y lleven a cabo actividades en su comunidad. Se recogieron datos de 356 participantes, la mayoría en situación de riesgo psicosocial, que asistieron a un total de 32 grupos desde el año 2013 hasta el año 2016. Mediante análisis de regresión logística binaria y regresión jerárquica lineal, los resultados indican que tener un facilitador con menos experiencia (más joven), asistir a grupos más grandes, disfrutar de un alto nivel de participación familiar y realizar menos módulos y menos actividades adicionales predecían un mayor índice de asistencia. Estas variables predijeron además una mayor orientación hacia la tarea y cambios positivos en autoconcepto, realización social y resolución de problemas. El hecho de ser joven, de zona urbana y tener un facilitador con menor experiencia profesional predecía una mayor puntuación en integración comunitaria. Estos resultados nos revelan cómo determinados componentes de la aplicación del programa pueden contribuir al desarrollo y a la eficacia del mismo, pudiendo igualmente ser considerados en otros muchos programas en este ámbito de intervención

"Learning together, growing with family": The implementation and evaluation of a family support programme / "Aprender juntos, crecer en familia": la implementación y evaluación del programa de apoyo a la familia

The "Learning together, growing with family" programme is targeted to at-risk parents and children from 6 to 11 years old, with a preventive focus on promoting positive parent-child relationships. In this study, we examined the quality of the programme implementation and its influence on the programme results in a sample of 425 parents and 138 facilitators drawn from the first trial. Mixed methods were used, consisting of: parental self-reports on parenting dimensions, professionals' records on parental attendance and appraisals on six topics of the implementation process, and focus group discussions in which facilitators reported on the initial steps of the implementation. Results showed a high quality of implementation with respect to the group facilitator and the programme organization factors, followed by the coordination with services and the support facilities offered to participants and, finally, by the factors of fidelity and prior organization steps. Results of the focus groups confirmed that the prior steps were challenging and offered the more effective strategies. Better quality in the implementation factors predicted better parenting styles and parental competencies after the programme, as well as a higher attendance rate. In sum, this study demonstrates the importance of good implementation in at-risk contexts and provides some clues as to the key elements that moderate programme effectiveness

El programa "Aprender juntos, crecer en familia" está dirigido a familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial con hijos de 6 a 11 años, mediante un enfoque preventivo y de promoción de relaciones positivas entre padres e hijos. En este estudio, se analizó la calidad de la implementación del programa y su influencia en los resultados del programa en una muestra de 425 padres y 138 facilitadores. La metodología fue mixta y consistió en el uso de autoinformes sobre dimensiones parentales, registros de asistencia y evaluaciones sobre 6 temas de la implementación que fueron posteriormente factorizados. También se realizaron grupos de discusión en los que los facilitadores informaron sobre el proceso de implementación. Los resultados indicaron una alta calidad de implementación en relación con los factores de facilitador del grupo y organización del programa, seguido de los factores de coordinación con los servicios y los recursos de apoyo a los participantes y, por último, de los factores de la fidelidad y organización previa. Los resultados de los grupos de discusión confirmaron que los preparativos de la implementación resultan fundamentales y ofrecen las estrategias más eficaces para el desarrollo del programa. Una mayor calidad en todos los factores de implementación predijo mejoras en los estilos y competencias parentales después del programa, así como una tasa de asistencia más alta. En resumen, este estudio demuestra la importancia de una buena implementación en contextos de riesgo y proporciona algunas pistas sobre los elementos clave que modulan la efectividad del programa

Inferior fronto-temporo-occipital connectivity: a missing link between maltreated girls and neglectful mothers.

The neurobiological alterations resulting from adverse childhood experiences that subsequently may lead to neglectful mothering are poorly understood. Maternal neglect of an infant's basic needs is the most prevalent type of child maltreatment. We tested white matter alterations in neglectful mothers, the majority of whom had also suffered maltreatment in their childhood, and compared them to a matched control group. The two groups were discriminated by a structural brain connectivity pattern comprising inferior fronto-temporo-occipital connectivity, which constitutes a major portion of the face-processing network and was indexed by fewer streamlines in neglectful mothers. Mediation and regression analyses showed that fewer streamlines in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus tract (ILF-R) predicted a poorer quality of mother-child emotional availability observed during cooperative play and that effect depended on the respective interactions with left and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi (IFO-R/L), with no significant impact of psychopathological and cognitive conditions. Volume alteration in ILF-R but not in IFO-L modulated the impact of having been maltreated on emotional availability. The findings suggest the altered inferior fronto-temporal-occipital connectivity, affecting emotional visual processing, as a possible common neurological substrate linking a history of childhood maltreatment with maternal neglect.

Social support and personal agency in at-risk mothers

This study investigated: a) mothers’ use and satisfaction with informal and formal supports in at-risk psychosocial contexts, and b) the relationships between satisfaction with help and the mothers’ perception of their role (personal agency). Self-report data about the use and satisfaction with sources of help, and levels of internal control, self-efficacy, couple agreement, role difficulty and motivation for change were obtained from 519 mothers referred by Social Services and 519 non-referred mothers. Results indicated that at-risk mothers relied less upon close informal support and more on formal support than non at risk mothers. They were also more satisfied with the formal sources of support and had lower levels of personal agency. There were beneficial effects of satisfaction with informal help and school support on several aspects of personal agency for both groups. However, satisfaction with school and social services support had a detrimental effect on couple agreement in the at-risk group. Implications of the results for providing social support to at-risk families are discussed (AU)

El presente estudio investiga: a) el uso y la satisfacción con las fuentes de apoyo informal y formal de las madres en contextos de riesgo psicosocial y b) la relación existente entre la satisfacción con el apoyo social y la percepción del rol parental (agencia personal). Se obtuvieron datos con respecto al uso y la satisfacción con las fuentes de apoyo social, así como los niveles de control interno, autoeficacia, acuerdo en la pareja, dificultad del rol y motivación para el cambio, de 519 madres referidas por los Servicios Sociales y 519 madres no referidas. Los resultados indicaron que las madres en situación de riesgo psicosocial dependen menos de los apoyos informales y más de los formales que las madres en situación de no riesgo. Asimismo las madres en riesgo se encontraban más satisfechas con las fuentes de apoyo formal y presentaban niveles más bajos de agencia personal. Se obtuvieron efectos beneficiosos de la satisfacción con las fuentes informales de apoyo y el apoyo de la escuela en diversos aspectos de la agencia personal en ambos grupos. Sin embargo, la satisfacción con el apoyo proporcionado por la escuela y los servicios sociales tuvieron un efecto perjudicial en el acuerdo en la pareja en el grupo en situación de riesgo psicosocial. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados con respecto a la provisión de apoyo social en las familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial (AU)

Brain and personality bases of insensitivity to infant cues in neglectful mothers: an event-related potential study.

This investigation examined the neural and personality correlates of processing infant facial expressions in mothers with substantiated neglect of a child under 5 years old. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 14 neglectful and 14 control mothers as they viewed and categorized pictures of infant cries, laughs, and neutral faces. Maternal self-reports of anhedonia and empathy were also completed. Early (negative occipitotemporal component peaking at around 170 ms on the scalp [N170] and positive electrical potential peaking at about 200 ms [P200]) and late positive potential (LPP) components were selected. Both groups of mothers showed behavioral discrimination between the different facial expressions via reaction time and accuracy measures. Neglectful mothers did not exhibit increased N170 amplitude at temporal leads in response to viewing crying versus laughing and neutral expressions compared to control mothers. Both groups had greater P200 and LPP amplitudes at centroparietal leads in response to viewing crying versus neutral facial expressions. However, neglectful mothers displayed an overall attenuated brain response in LPP that was related to their higher scores in social anhedonia but not to their empathy scores. The ERP data suggest that the brain's failures in the early differentiation of cry stimuli and in the sustained processing of infant expressions related to social anhedonia may underlie the insensitive responding in neglectful mothers. The implications of these results for the design and evaluation of preventive interventions are discussed.

Factores que influyen en el pronóstico de recuperación de las familias en riesgo psicosocial: el papel de la resiliencia del menor / Factors that influence the prognosis for recovery in psychosocial risk families: The role of child resilience

Se analizan los indicadores que influyen en el pronóstico de recuperación de las familias en riesgo psicosocial, entre ellos la resiliencia del menor, examinando la particular combinación que mejor discrimina entre un pronóstico favorable y otro desfavorable. Para ello, se revisaron las valoraciones del pronóstico de 418 casos de menores y sus familias (224 biparentales y 194 monoparentales), por medio del Perfil de Riesgo Psicosocial de la Familia, que fue cumplimentado por los técnicos de los Servicios Sociales. El nivel de impacto en el desarrollo, la temporalidad del problema y las actitudes de los padres hacia la intervención, hacia el servicio y hacia sus hijos influyeron en los pronósticos de ambos tipos de familias. De modo selectivo, la resiliencia del menor influyó en el pronóstico favorable de las biparentales, mientras que el nivel de riesgo influyó en el pronóstico desfavorable en las monoparentales. La resiliencia del menor se asoció a indicadores de riesgo que denotan mayor continuidad del problema y acumulación de eventos vitales negativos, pero también a factores compensatorios como las expectativas de los padres sobre su futuro que denotan mayores competencias parentales (AU)

This study analyses the indicators, such as child resilience, that influence prognosis for recovery in psychosocial risk families, by examining the combination that better discriminates between a favourable prognosis and an unfavourable one. For this purpose, the evaluation of the prognosis of 418 cases of children and their families (224 two-parents and 194 one-parent) were examined through the Psychosocial Risk Profile of the Family, which was filled in by professionals from social services. The impact level on development, the temporality of the problem, and parents’ attitudes about the intervention, their children and the service affected the prognosis of both families. Child resilience selectively influenced the favourable prognosis in two-parent families whereas the risk level affected the unfavourable prognosis in one-parent families. Child resilience was only related to those risk indicators which reflect more continuity of the problem and an accumulation of negative life events, but also to some compensatory factors such as the parents’ expectations of the child’s future that reflect parental competence (AU)

[Factors that influence the prognosis for recovery in psychosocial risk families: the role of child resilience]. / Factores que influyen en el pronóstico de recuperación de las familias en riesgo psicosocial: el papel de la resiliencia del menor.

Factors that influence the prognosis for recovery in psychosocial risk families: The role of child resilience. This study analyses the indicators, such as child resilience, that influence prognosis for recovery in psychosocial risk families, by examining the combination that better discriminates between a favourable prognosis and an unfavourable one. For this purpose, the evaluation of the prognosis of 418 cases of children and their families (224 two-parents and 194 one-parent) were examined through the Psychosocial Risk Profile of the Family, which was filled in by professionals from social services. The impact level on development, the temporality of the problem, and parents' attitudes about the intervention, their children and the service affected the prognosis of both families. Child resilience selectively influenced the favourable prognosis in two-parent families whereas the risk level affected the unfavourable prognosis in one-parent families. Child resilience was only related to those risk indicators which reflect more continuity of the problem and an accumulation of negative life events, but also to some compensatory factors such as the parents' expectations of the child's future that reflect parental competence.