ABSTRACT
Tuning the microstructure, conductance, band gap of a single molecule with an external stimuli such as light have vital importance in nanoscale molecular electronics. Azobenzene systems are inimitable light responsive molecules suitable for the development of optically modulated materials. In this work we have demonstrated the development of an optically active Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)-hybrid material by the noncovalent functionalization of azo based chromophore derived from cardanol, a bioresource material. This photoresponsive noncovalent hybrid shows trans-cis photoisomerization induced switching of conductance. We report this as the first example in which the photochromic assembly developed from a bioresource material exhibited tunable conductivity. We expect that this novel photoswitchable hybrid with reversible conductance may have potential applications in nanoscale molecular electronics, solar cells, OLEDs, etc.
Subject(s)
Nanotubes, Carbon , NanotechnologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Dental traumas are most common in children in school environment. Teachers often come across such emergency situations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate aware-ness of teachers regarding traumas & emergency management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 123 teachers participated in this survey. Questionnaire forms were distributed among teachers. The data was collected and analysed. RESULTS: Results showed that 97.5%of teachers received no orientation regarding this, 33.3% of them felt they cannot identify the tooth, 52% opined they would not pick up the tooth, 62.6% felt they should clean with water, 44.7% said they would take the child to dental office, 38.2% would seek professional help immediately, 63.4% of them said they would not be able to replace the tooth back & 40.7% of them felt they prefer water to store the tooth. CONCLUSION: Overall the knowledge in this regard is grossly inadequate. Their answers were based on intuition rather than information. This study suggests urgent need for campaigns & training programs for instructors who are usually the first to witness traumas in schools.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Several genomic imprinting mechanisms have been postulated to report the parent-of-origin in Klinefelter syndrome. It was stated in the literature, parental origin has an effect on behavioral phenotype of Klinefelter individuals, but the association of the same on clinical profile was less reported. The detailed clinical phenotype when studied with the known origin of extra X may possibly explain the imprinting effect that may be helpful to derive diagnostic criteria in the syndrome. In the present study, we investigated the parental-of-origin of extra X chromosome in Klinefelter syndrome probands with an aim to report the association between the phenotype with that of its karyotype and the parental origin of supernumerary X. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy two probands that were referred to division of Human Genetics, St.John's Medical College, Bangalore with variable complaints and phenotypic features were diagnosed with informed consent as Klinefelter syndrome with a confirmed karyotype. The Karyotype was prepared by peripheral lymphocyte culture and GTG banding method. The parental origin was studied in 9 families of Klinefelter probands with standard protocol for GENE SCAN using X-chromosome specific Short Tandem Repeat markers. The outcome was analyzed to determine the parental origin by GENE MAPPER. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS was conducted to ascertain the significance of parental origin of supernumerary X with the phenotypic profile with confirmed karyotype. RESULTS: Seven of nine probands had 47, XXY karyotype and 2 were mosaic with 47,XXY/46,XY karyotype. Five probands had their supernumerary X from maternal side and four were paternally derived. Sixteen features as framed proforma were tabulated against the originated X in Klinefelter probands. 55.56% of Klinefelter stigmata were seen in prob and who had maternally derived X and the rest were with paternal X. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study points on parent-of-origin effect on clinical profile and indicate that the imprinted X chromosome genes show differential effect general and systemic traits.
