Lesiones cutáneas por síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica: caso clínico / Skin injuries associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: clinical case

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 95 años, derivada a urgencias por presentar de forma súbita lesiones necróticas parcheadas en cuero cabelludo, que tras realización de analítica y pruebas complementarias se identifica como un cuadro de sepsis de origen multifactorial. Posteriormente, se realiza preparación del lecho de las heridas con desbridamiento cortante con bisturí, aplicando posteriormente colagenasa e hidrogel para continuar con desbridamiento enzimático y autolítico. La paciente fallece a las 4 h tras realizar el desbridamiento. Dado el cuadro de sepsis de origen multifactorial, muy probablemente se trate de lesiones cutáneas por compromiso vital grave, y dentro de ellas de lesiones cutáneas por síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica, que se puede confundir con lesiones por presión, pero dada la localización de las lesiones y el cuadro de sepsis de origen multifactorial, se descarta esta etiología. Los pacientes que sufren este tipo de lesiones tienen una condición clínica irreversible (AU)

A 95-year-old woman, brought to emergency department who suddenly present patchy necrotic skin injuries on the scalp, after performing laboratory tests and complementary tests, is associated with sepsis of multifactorial origin. Subsequently, the wound bed was prepared with sharp debridement with a scalpel, applying collagenase and hydrogel to continue with enzymatic and autolytic debridement. The patient died 4 h after debridement. Given the picture of sepsis of multifactorial origin, it is very likely to be skin injuries associated with serious life threatening situations, and within them skin injuries associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, which could be confused with pressure skin injuries, but given the location of skin injuries and sepsis of multifactorial origin, this etiology is ruled out. Patients who suffer this type of skin injuries have an irreversible clinical condition (AU)

Factores predictores de meningitis bacteriana en los pacientes atendidos en urgencias / Predictive factors of bacterial meningitis in the patients seen in emergency departments

OBJETIVOS: Analizar y comparar los factores predictivos de meningitis bacteriana (MB) en los pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias (SU) por un episodio de meningitis aguda (MA). MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y prospectivo de pacientes adultos (≥15años) diagnosticados de MA en un SU desde agosto de 2009 hasta noviembre de 2015. Se analizaron 32 variables (epidemiológicas, de comorbilidad, clínicas y analíticas) que pudieran predecir etiología bacteriana. Se realizó un estudio multivariable mediante regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 154 pacientes, de los que 53 (34,4%) fueron MB. Cuatro variables se asociaron de forma significativa como predictores de etiología bacteriana: lactato en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) ≥33mg/dl (odds ratio [OR]: 50,84; intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95%: 21,63-119,47; p < 0,001); procalcitonina (PCT) sérica ≥0,8ng/ml (OR: 46,34; IC95%: 19,71-108,89; p < 0,001), glucorraquia <60% de la glucemia (OR: 20,82; IC95%: 8,86-48,96; p = 0,001), proporción de polimorfonucleares (PMN) en LCR >50% (OR: 20,19; IC 95%: 8,31-49,09; p = 0,002). El área bajo la curva-ROC del modelo (PCT≥0,8ng/ml+lactato en LCR ≥33mg/dl) fue 0,992 (IC95%: 0,979-1; p < 0,001) y consigue una sensibilidad del 99% y una especificidad del 98% para predecir MB. CONCLUSIONES: La PCT sérica, junto con la valoración del lactato, glucorraquia y proporción de PMN del LCR en la evaluación inicial del paciente con sospecha de MA en el SU, tienen un excelente rendimiento diagnóstico para predecir la MB

OBJECTIVES: To analyse and compare predictive factors of bacterial meningitis in the patients seen in the Emergency Departments (ED) due to an episode of acute meningitis (AM). METHODS: A prospective, observational study was carried out in patients aged 15 years and older seen in ED due to AM between August 2009 and November 2015. Thirty-two variables for predicting bacterial meningitis were assessed. They covered epidemiological, comorbidity, clinical and analytical factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The study included 154 patients. The diagnosis was bacterial meningitis in 53 (34.4%) patients. Four variables were significantly associated with bacterial aetiology: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate concentration ≥33mg/dl (odds ratio [OR] 50.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.63-119.47, P<.001), serum procalcitonin (PCT) ≥0.8ng/ml (OR 46.34; 95%CI: 19.71-108.89; P<.001), CSF glucose <60% of blood value (OR 20.82; 95%CI: 8.86-48.96; P=.001), CSF polymorphonuclears greater than 50% (OR 20.19; 95%CI: 8.31-49.09; P=.002]. The area under the curve for the model serum PCT≥0.8ng/ml plus CSF lactate ≥33mg/dl was 0.992 (95%CI: 0.979-1; P<.001), and achieved 99% sensitivity and 98% specificity for predicting bacterial meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PCT with CSF lactate, CSF glucose and CSF polymorphonuclears evaluated in an initial assessment in the ED for patients with AM, achieved an excellent diagnostic usefulness for predicting bacterial meningitis

Predictive factors of bacterial meningitis in the patients seen in emergency departments. / Factores predictores de meningitis bacteriana en los pacientes atendidos en urgencias.

OBJETIVES: To analyse and compare predictive factors of bacterial meningitis in the patients seen in the Emergency Departments (ED) due to an episode of acute meningitis (AM). METHODS: A prospective, observational study was carried out in patients aged 15 years and older seen in ED due to AM between August 2009 and November 2015. Thirty-two variables for predicting bacterial meningitis were assessed. They covered epidemiological, comorbidity, clinical and analytical factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The study included 154 patients. The diagnosis was bacterial meningitis in 53 (34.4%) patients. Four variables were significantly associated with bacterial aetiology: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate concentration ≥33mg/dl (odds ratio [OR] 50.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.63-119.47, P<.001), serum procalcitonin (PCT) ≥0.8ng/ml (OR 46.34; 95%CI: 19.71-108.89; P<.001), CSF glucose <60% of blood value (OR 20.82; 95%CI: 8.86-48.96; P=.001), CSF polymorphonuclears greater than 50% (OR 20.19; 95%CI: 8.31-49.09; P=.002]. The area under the curve for the model serum PCT≥0.8ng/ml plus CSF lactate ≥33mg/dl was 0.992 (95%CI: 0.979-1; P<.001), and achieved 99% sensitivity and 98% specificity for predicting bacterial meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PCT with CSF lactate, CSF glucose and CSF polymorphonuclears evaluated in an initial assessment in the ED for patients with AM, achieved an excellent diagnostic usefulness for predicting bacterial meningitis.