ABSTRACT
Scientifically-based, tephritid fly host status determination lies at the heart of strategic regulatory decisions impinging on international fruit trade. Here we conducted intensive field and laboratory studies with peaches as controls, to determine the host status of Physalis peruviana for the Medfly-Ceratitis capitata, as this fruit is experiencing a consumption boom worldwide. A total of 98,132 Uchuvas (local name), collected in Colombia from the plant or the ground over a three-year period (2016-2018) did not yield a single C. capitata larva or pupa, thus reaching a Probit 9 level with 99.9968% efficacy and 96% confidence level. Field-cage studies with enclosed fruit-bearing Uchuva plants, exposing fruit with an intact, damaged or totally removed husk to the attack of C. capitata, also failed to yield infestations. Highly artificial choice experiments, exposing gravid females to unripe and fully ripe fruit, resulted in an absence of infestations, even when overripe Uchuvas were artificially damaged. The husk and surface resins/waxes inhibit fly landings on fruit and oviposition activity. Considering our results and the fact that the foliage, husk and fruit of P. peruviana are repellent/toxic to insects, we conclude that this plant should be treated as a non-natural and non-conditional host of C. capitata.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y caracterizar la población en condición de discapacidad del municipio de Los Santos (Santander, Colombia), durante 2010 y 2011. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo aplicando el instrumento de registro "Encuesta a Personas con Discapacidad y su cuidador". Estudiantes de último año de fisioterapia y bacteriología de la Universidad de Santander (UDES), previamente entrenados, recogieron la información mediante entrevista. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo aplicando medidas de tendencia central y frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: Se encontraron 108 PCD, la prevalencia de discapacidad de esta población fue de 1,3% (IC 95% 1,1-1,6), la vereda con mayor prevalencia fue Los Teres (9,4%; IC95% 5,1-15,5). De las 108 PCD, el 48% corresponde a género femenino y el 47,2°% se encuentra entre 15 y 44 años. La estructura corporal con mayor deficiencia fue el sistema nervioso, con un 64,8%, y las actividades de demanda general fueron las más afectadas (57,4%). Los problemas con servicios, sistemas y políticas de transporte, seguro social, salud y educación constituyen el principal facilitador (57, 4%). Conclusión: La discapacidad como problema de salud pública afecta las actividades, participación y desempeño de las PCD, lo cual disminuye su desarrollo individual y sus oportunidades de integración a la sociedad.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and characterize the condition of disabled people in the municipality Los Santos, Santander in 2010 and 2011. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was conducted using the tool of record "Survey of Persons with Disabilities and its attendant". Physiotherapy and bacteriology students from University of Santander (UDES), previously trained, collected the information by interview. We use descriptive statistics applying central tendency measures and absolute and relative frequencies. Results: We found 108 people with disabilities; the prevalence of disability in this popu-lation was 1.3% (95% CI 1.1 -1.6), the place with the highest prevalence was Los Teres (9.4%; 95% CI 5.1-15.5). Of the 108 disabled people, 48% were female and 47.2% were between 15 and 44 years old. The body structure more impairment was nervous system with a 64.8% and general tasks and demands were the most affected (57.4%). Problems with services, transport systems and policies, social security, health, and education were the main facilitator (57.4%). Conclusion: Disability as a public health problem affecting the activities, participation and performance of the people with disabilities decreasing their individual development and opportunities for integration into society.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Faecal contamination in wastewater and drinking water is linked to the dissemination of water related diseases. The bacteria, virus and parasites present in drinking water are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, especially among infants. Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were the organisms selected as parasite contamination indicators. Their presence serves as a useful tool for evaluating water quality and determining sanitary risk. At present, in Colombia, concentration and occurrence of these parasites is unknown and an immediate assessment was considered necessary. OBJECTIVE: Protozoan presence was determined in five sampling stations in the Bogotá river upper basin and in two drinking water plants near the same area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The techniques applied for counting encysted forms consisted of inorganic flocculation for wastewater or filtration for drinking water. Fluorogenic vital dyes tested for viability. RESULTS: The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. was confirmed in two of the sampled stations and at two of the drinking water plants. Giardia spp. was found at two of the drinking water plants but not at the sampled stations. Viable cysts were found for Cryptosporidium spp. in one of the samples from the Bogotá river, but only inviable exemplars were obtained from the drinking water plants. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed protozoan presence in drinking and residual water implying the presence of a potential sanitary hazard.
