Surgical approach with minimally invasive intervention in lusoria dysphagia.

The lusoria artery has a prevalence of 0.5-2% in the general population. The abnormal development of the aortic arch forms vascular rings around the trachea and esophagus, causing pressure on them and leading to characteristic symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, and/or swallowing. Conventionally, only the subclavian artery was severed to release the esophagus, as done in neonates. However, this can lead to long-term hypotrophy of the thoracic limb. The surgical intervention remains controversial, with limitations, and it is only to be performed when the patient presents with symptoms. In the following two cases, a two-stage minimally invasive approach is described: first, a left lateral minithoracotomy for lusoria artery sectioning, and second, a supraclavicular approach for reimplantation into the right carotid artery.

La arteria lusoria tiene una prevalencia del 0.5% al 2% en la población general. Se trata de un arco aórtico izquierdo con arteria subclavia derecha aberrante, resulta de la regresión del cuarto arco derecho y la aorta dorsal derecha proximal. La anormalidad del desarrollo del arco aórtico forma anillos vasculares alrededor de la tráquea y el esófago ocasionando una presión hacia ellos y dar clínica característica de dolor torácico, dificultad para la respiración y/o deglución. Tradicionalmente solo seccionábamos la subclavia para liberar el esófago como se realiza en la edad neonatal, sin embargo, esto puede condicionar hipotrofia del miembro torácico a largo plazo. La intervención quirúrgica sigue siendo controvertida, con limitaciones y se decide realizarse cuando el paciente presenta sintomatología. En este reporte de dos casos se describe un abordaje por incisiones mínimamente invasiva en dos tiempos: primero por mini toracotomía lateral izquierda para sección de la arteria lusoria; segundo abordaje supraclavicular para reimplantación en la carótida derecha.

Celulitis facial por Staphylococcus aureus con metástasis infecciosas y evolución tórpida. Caso pediátrico / Facial cellulitis due to Staphylococcus aureus with metastatic infection and torpid course. A pediatric case report

La bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus se define como el aislamiento de dicho germen en al menos un cultivo de sangre. Las metástasis infecciosas se originan por diseminación hematógena y su posterior localización en un sitio distinto al órgano en donde se originó el proceso infeccioso. La prevalencia en la presentación de estos focos infecciosos secundarios es baja en la edad pediátrica, por lo que representa un desafío diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente pediátrico con una celulitis facial por Staphylococcus aureus, con metástasis infecciosas y evolución tórpida.

Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus is defined as the isolation of this microorganism in at least one blood culture. A metastatic infection is caused by the hematogenous dissemination and subsequent location of the microorganism in a site other than the one where the infection started. The prevalence of these secondary sources of infection is low in the pediatric population, which is a diagnostic challenge. Here we describe the case of a pediatric patient with facial cellulitis due to Staphylococcus aureus, with metastatic infection and torpid course.

Facial cellulitis due to Staphylococcus aureus with metastatic infection and torpid course. A pediatric case report. / Celulitis facial por Staphylococcus aureus con metástasis infecciosas y evolución tórpida. Caso pediátrico.

Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus is defined as the isolation of this microorganism in at least one blood culture. A metastatic infection is caused by the hematogenous dissemination and subsequent location of the microorganism in a site other than the one where the infection started. The prevalence of these secondary sources of infection is low in the pediatric population, which is a diagnostic challenge. Here we describe the case of a pediatric patient with facial cellulitis due to Staphylococcus aureus, with metastatic infection and torpid course.

La bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus se define como el aislamiento de dicho germen en al menos un cultivo de sangre. Las metástasis infecciosas se originan por diseminación hematógena y su poste- rior localización en un sitio distinto al órgano en donde se originó el proceso infeccioso. La prevalencia en la presentación de estos focos infecciosos secundarios es baja en la edad pediátrica, por lo que re- presenta un desafío diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente pediátrico con una celulitis facial por Staphylococcus aureus, con metástasis infecciosas y evolución tórpida.

Glenn surgery: a safe procedure in the path of univentricular correction / Cirugía de Glenn: un procedimiento seguro en el camino de la corrección univentricular

Abstract Background: This study describes 35 years of experience in a tertiary care level hospital that treats cardiac patients with univentricular heart physiology who underwent Glenn surgery. Methods: The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent Glenn surgery, including variables related to pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative morbidity and mortality. Results: From 1980 to 2015, 204 Glenn surgeries were performed. The most common heart disease was tricuspid atresia IB (19.2%). In 48.1% of the cases, the procedure was performed with antegrade flow. A bilateral Glenn procedure was performed in 12.5% of the cases and 10.3% were carried out without using a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. Reported complications included infections, bleeding, arrhythmias, chylothorax, neurological alterations, and pleural effusion. The mortality rate was 2.9% Conclusions: Glenn surgery is a palliative surgery with good results. It significantly improves patient quality of life over a long period until a total cavopulmonary shunt is performed. The complications observed are few, and the mortality rate is low. Therefore, it is a safe surgery that should be used for univentricular congenital heart disease.

Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la experiencia de 35 años en un hospital de tercer nivel con pacientes cardiópatas con fisiología univentricular que fueron sometidos a cirugía de Glenn. Métodos: Se presenta un análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de Glenn. Se incluyeron variables relacionadas con la morbilidad y la mortalidad preoperatorias, transoperatorias y posoperatorias. Resultados: Desde 1980 hasta 2015 se realizaron 204 cirugías de Glenn para la corrección de cardiopatías. De ellas, la más frecuente fue la atresia tricuspídea IB (19.2%); en el 48.1% se realizó Glenn con flujo anterógrado, en el 12.5% Glenn bilateral y el 10.3% de las cirugías fueron sin apoyo de bomba de circulación extracorpórea. Las complicaciones reportadas fueron infecciones, sangrado, arritmias, quilotórax, alteraciones neurológicas y derrame pleural. La mortalidad fue del 2.9%. Conclusiones: La cirugía de Glenn es un procedimiento paliativo que se ha utilizado con buenos resultados. Mejora en forma importante la calidad de vida del paciente durante un largo periodo mientras que se realiza la derivación cavopulmonar total. Presenta pocas complicaciones y muy baja mortalidad, por lo que es una cirugía segura que debe ser utilizada para cardiopatías congénitas univentriculares.

Glenn surgery: a safe procedure in the path of univentricular correction.

BACKGROUND: This study describes 35 years of experience in a tertiary care level hospital that treats cardiac patients with univentricular heart physiology who underwent Glenn surgery. METHODS: The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent Glenn surgery, including variables related to pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: From 1980 to 2015, 204 Glenn surgeries were performed. The most common heart disease was tricuspid atresia IB (19.2%). In 48.1% of the cases, the procedure was performed with antegrade flow. A bilateral Glenn procedure was performed in 12.5% of the cases and 10.3% were carried out without using a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. Reported complications included infections, bleeding, arrhythmias, chylothorax, neurological alterations, and pleural effusion. The mortality rate was 2.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Glenn surgery is a palliative surgery with good results. It significantly improves patient quality of life over a long period until a total cavopulmonary shunt is performed. The complications observed are few, and the mortality rate is low. Therefore, it is a safe surgery that should be used for univentricular congenital heart disease.

Detección de mutaciones del gen 23S de Helicobacter pylori implicadas en la resistencia a claritromicina / Detection of Helicobacter pylori 23S gene involved in clarithromycin resistance / Detecção de mutações no gene 23S do Helicobacter pylori envolvidas na resistência à claritromicina

INTRODUCCIÓN: uno de los principales factores que influyen en el tratamiento para la erradicación de Helicobacter pylori es la resistencia a antibióticos, la cual difiere entre países e incluso regiones de un país. Entre los antibióticos más usados para el tratamiento de la infección se encuentra la claritromicina, se ha demostrado que el gen 23S ARNr está involucrado en la resistencia a este antibiótico, como resultado de mutaciones puntuales. OBJETIVO: detectar las mutaciones presentes en el gen 23S ARNr que codifican la resistencia a la claritromicina en Helicobacter pylori a través de un método no invasivo y rápido. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: a partir de muestras de heces de 76 pacientes con síntomas gastrointestinales asociados a la bacteria, se aisló y purificó el ADN bacteriano, se identificó el gen 23S ARNr mediante seminested PCR. Para la detección de mutaciones puntuales en el gen se realizó la RFLP, utilizando las enzimas HhaI que detecta la mutación T2717C y MboII que identifica la mutación A2142C/G. RESULTADOS: un total de 45 pacientes resultaron positivos a Helicobacter pylori lo cual corresponde al 59,2%. La mutación T2717C analizada con la enzima HhaI se presentó en el 2,2% de la muestra de estudio, no se obtuvo resultados positivos para la enzima MboII. CONCLUSIONES: a través de la Seminested PCR se identificó al gen 23S ARNr de Helicobacter pylori, PCR-RFLP es un método fiable para detectar la presencia de mutaciones causantes de resistencias a antibióticos, útil antes de elegir el tratamiento erradicador contra las infecciones por Helicobacter pylori.

INTRODUCTION: one of the main factors that influence the treatment for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori is resistance to antibiotics, which differs between countries and even regions of a country. Clarithromycin is among the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of infection. The 23S rRNA gene has been shown to be involved in resistance to this antibiotic, as a result of point mutations. OBJECTIVE: to detect the mutations present in the 23S rRNA gene that encode resistance to clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori through a non-invasive and rapid method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: from stool samples of 76 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms associated with the bacteria, bacterial DNA was isolated and purified, the 23S rRNA gene was identified by seminested PCR. For the detection of point mutations in the gene, RFLP was performed, using the enzymes HhaI that detects the T2717C mutation and MboII that identifies the A2142C / G mutation. RESULTS: a total of 45 patients were positive for Helicobacter pylori, which corresponds to 59.2%. The T2717C mutation analyzed with the HhaI enzyme was present in 2.2% of the study sample, no positive results were obtained for the MboII enzyme. CONCLUSIONS: the 23S rRNA gene of Helicobacter pylori was identified through Seminested PCR, PCR-RFLP is a reliable method to detect the presence of mutations causing resistance to antibiotics, useful before choosing the eradication treatment against Helicobacter pylori infections.

INTRODUÇÃO: um dos principais fatores que influenciam no tratamento para erradicação do Helicobacter pylori é a resistência aos antibióticos, que difere entre países e até mesmo regiões de um país. A claritromicina está entre os antibióticos mais amplamente utilizados para o tratamento de infecções.O gene 23S rRNA demonstrou estar envolvido na resistência a esse antibiótico, como resultado de mutações pontuais. OBJETIVO: detectar as mutações presentes no gene 23S rRNA que codificam resistência à claritromicina no Helicobacter pylori, por meio de um método não invasivo e rápido. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: a partir de amostras de fezes de 76 pacientes com sintomas gastrointestinais associados à bactéria, o DNA bacteriano foi isolado e purificado, o gene 23S rRNA foi identificado por PCR seminestado. Para a detecção de mutações pontuais no gene, foi realizado RFLP, utilizando as enzimas HhaI que detecta a mutação T2717C e MboII que identifica a mutação A2142C / G. RESULTADOS: um total de 45 pacientes foram positivos para Helicobacter pylori, o que corresponde a 59,2%. A mutação T2717C analisada com a enzima HhaI estava presente em 2,2% da amostra do estudo, nenhum resultado positivo foi obtido para a enzima MboII. CONCLUSÕES: por meio da PCR seminestada, foi identificado o gene rRNA 23S do Helicobacter pylori, o PCR-RFLP é um método confiável para detectar a presença de mutações que causam resistência a antibióticos, útil antes de escolher o tratamento de erradicação contra infecções por Helicobacter pylori.

[Health-Related Quality of Life as an Explanatory Variable of Primary Care Consultations: sex Differences]. / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud como variable explicativa del consumo de consultas en atención primaria: un análisis por sexo.

BACKGROUND: It is well known the inverse relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the use of consultations. However, most studies deal sex as a confounding variable rather than to explicitly investigate sex differences. The study aims to know the influence of HRQoL of the elderly on the use of Primary Care consultations in a sex analysis. METHODS: Throughout 2013, 191 women and 155 men aged 65 years or older were enrolled in the study and assessed with interviews and analysis of medical records. We used the EuroQol-5D to assess the HRQoL and several demographic, clinical and social support variables were also analyzed. Two multiple linear regression models were developed. RESULTS: HRQoL showed a negative correlation with the use of consultations (Spearman's rho=-0,22; p=0,0001) and a crude OR value of 1,85 (95% CI:1,2-2,9). The association remained significant after adjusting for demographic [OR=1,99 (95% CI: 1,2-3,2)], clinical [OR=1,79 (95% CI: 1,1-2,9)] or social support covariates [OR=1,83 (95% CI: 1,1-2,9)]. In regression analysis, the values of standardized coefficient (ß) related to HRQoL were 0,22 (95% CI:-36,7- -6,9) in females and 0,03 (95% CI:-15,6-23,1) in males. CONCLUSIONS: In women ≥ 65 years, HRQoL shows the greatest explanatory power of use of consultations, after adjusting for demographic, clinical and social support covariates. By contrast, its influence on men is negligible.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud como variable explicativa del consumo de consultas en atención primaria: un análisis por sexo / Health-Related Quality of Life as an Explanatory Variable of Primary Care Consultations: Sex Differences

Fundamentos: Es conocida la asociación inversa que existe entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y el consumo de consultas. Sin embargo, el sexo es considerado habitualmente como variable de confusión, y son escasos los estudios que han analizado explícitamente las diferencias de sexo en esta cuestión. El objetivo fue conocer la influencia de la CVRS sobre el uso de consultas de Atención Primaria en las personas >65 años, en un análisis diferenciado por sexo. Métodos: La selección de participantes se realizó a lo largo de 2013, 191 mujeres y 155 varones de ≥65 años fueron estudiados mediante entrevista y análisis de historias clínicas. Se utilizó el Cuestionario EuroQol-5D y fueron analizadas variables demográficas, clínicas y de apoyo social. Se elaboraron 2 modelos de regresión múltiple, uno dirigido a las mujeres y otro a los varones. Resultados: La CVRS se correlacionó de forma negativa con el consumo de consultas (Rho-Spearman=-0,22; p=0,0001), con una OR cruda de 1,85 (IC95%: 1,2-2,9). La asociación se mantuvo significativa al ajustar tanto por variables demográficas [OR=1,99 (IC95%: 1,2–3,2)], como por variables clínicas [OR=1,79 (IC95%: 1,1-2,9)] o de apoyo social [OR=1,83 (IC95%: 1,1–2,9)]. En el análisis de regresión, los valores del coeficiente estandarizado (β) asociado a la CVRS fueron 0,22 (IC95%: -36,7– -6,9) en las mujeres, y 0,03 (-15,6–23,1) en los varones. Conclusiones: En las mujeres de ≥65 años la CVRS es la variable con mayor capacidad explicativa de consumo de consultas, tras ajustar por variables demográficas, clínicas y de apoyo social. Por el contrario, en los varones su influencia es prácticamente nula (AU)

Background: It is well known the inverse relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the use of consultations. However, most studies deal sex as a confounding variable rather than to explicitly investigate sex differences. The study aims to know the influence of HRQoL of the elderly on the use of Primary Care consultations in a sex analysis. Methods: Throughout 2013, 191 women and 155 men aged 65 years or older were enrolled in the study and assessed with interviews and analysis of medical records. We used the EuroQol-5D to assess the HRQoL and several demographic, clinical and social support variables were also analyzed. Two multiple linear regression models were developed. Results: HRQoL showed a negative correlation with the use of con-sultations (Spearman´s rho=-0,22; p=0,0001) and a crude OR value of 1,85 (95% CI:1,2–2,9). The association remained significant after adjusting for demographic [OR=1,99 (95% CI: 1,2–3,2)], clinical [OR=1,79 (95% CI: 1,1–2,9)] or social support covariates [OR=1,83 (95% CI: 1,1–2,9)]. In regression analysis, the values of standardized coefficient (β) related to HRQoL were 0,22 (95% CI:-36,7– -6,9) in females and 0,03 (95% CI:-15,6–23,1) in males. Conclusions: In women ≥65 years, HRQoL shows the greatest explanatory power of use of consultations, after adjusting for demographic, clinical and social support covariates. By contrast, its influence on men is negligible (AU)

Pronóstico de niños cardiópatas sometidos a cirugía de Fontan: experiencia de treinta años en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez / Prognosis of children with congenital heart disease submitted to Fontan surgery: 30 years of experience at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez

Introducción. En la actualidad, la cirugía de Fontan está indicada para pacientes que presentan alguna patología cardiaca univentricular. En México, son pocos los centros de tercer nivel que realizan la cirugía de Fontan en la población pediátrica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los resultados de los pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas que han sido sometidos a cirugía de Fontan desde 1980 en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Métodos. Se presenta un análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes pediátricos sometidos a cirugía de Fontan. Se incluyeron variables relacionadas con la morbilidad y mortalidad, tanto del periodo preoperatorio, las relacionadas a la propia cirugía, así como las del periodo posoperatorio. Se realizó análisis bivariado con la comparación de promedios y cálculo de razón de momios. Se realizaron curvas de sobrevivencia tipo Kaplan-Meier. Resultados. Desde 1983 hasta el 2012 se han realizado 53 cirugías de Fontan. Del total, se pudo determinar la información de 32 pacientes. La cardiopatía más frecuente fue la atresia tricuspídea IB (39.4%). Por tipo de cirugía, en 48% se realizó Fontan extracardiaco, seguido de Fontan intracardiaco (24%) y en 87% se dejó fenestración. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron insuficiencia renal aguda, problemas neurológicos y derrame pleural. La supervivencia global fue de 65.6% (promedio de sobrevida actuarial 14.5 años). El 90.9% falleció durante el primer mes de cirugía, aunque algunos pacientes llevan más de 20 años de sobrevivencia. Las variables asociadas a la mortalidad fueron la menor edad al momento de la cirugía, tipo de Fontan realizado, las complicaciones técnicas durante la cirugía, la falta de fenestración y la insuficiencia renal aguda. Conclusiones. La evolución que ha tenido la cirugía de Fontan a lo largo de 30 años ha sido satisfactoria, ya que se ha ido mejorando la mortalidad y la calidad de vida de los pacientes sometidos a este procedimiento.

Background. At the present time, the Fontan procedure is indicated for patients with univentricular cardiac pathology. In Mexico, few tertiary centers are performing Fontan surgery in the pediatric population. The objective was to analyze the results of patients with congenital heart disease with univentricular physiology who have undergone Fontan surgery since 1980 in the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez. Methods. We present a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients undergoing Fontan surgery. We included variables related to preoperative mortality and morbidity, those related to surgery and to the postoperative period. A bivariate analysis with the comparison of averages and odds ratio was performed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed. Results. From 1983 to 2012, 53 Fontan surgeries have been performed. Of the total, comprehensive data of 32 patients were gathered. The most common congenital heart disease was tricuspid atresia IB (39.4%); according to type of surgery, in 48% of patients extracardiac Fontan was performed more frequently (48%) followed by intracardiac Fontan (24%). In 87% of patients fenestration was performed. The most common complications were acute renal failure, neurological problems and pleural effusion. Overall survival was 65.6%; 90.9% of patients died within the first month of surgery. Some patients have survived >20 years (average actuarial survival 14.5 years). Variables associated with mortality were younger age at surgery, type of Fontan performed, surgical technique complications, lack of fenestration and acute renal failure. Conclusions. Evolution of Fontan surgery during the past 30 years has been satisfactory. In patients undergoing this procedure, mortality and quality of life have shown improvements.

Microbial contamination in 20-peso banknotes in Monterrey, Mexico.

The authors' aim was to isolate and identify bacteria or yeast that may be present on the surface of 20-peso banknotes from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. They randomly studied a total of 70 20-peso banknotes for the presence of bacteria and species of Candida by conventional methods. Out of the 70 banknotes, 48 (69%) were found to be contaminated. The most prevalent species observed was Candida kruseii (19 bills, 27%) followed by Burkholderia cepacia (9 bills, 13%); 22 (31%) bills showed no growth. Of the 48 contaminated bills, four (5.7%) yielded bacteria considered pathogenic and the other 44 bills (63%) yielded bacteria considered potentially pathogenic. Eleven bills showed more than one microbial species. The results of the authors' study show that contamination occurs on paper currency in the metropolitan area of Monterrey. The authors' findings provide evidence that currency banknotes may represent a threat to human health.

Lack of viral selection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mother-to-child transmission with primary infection during late pregnancy and/or breastfeeding.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as described for women with an established infection is, in most cases, associated with the transmission of few maternal variants. This study analysed virus variability in four cases of maternal primary infection occurring during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. Estimated time of seroconversion was at 4 months of pregnancy for one woman (early seroconversion) and during the last months of pregnancy and/or breastfeeding for the remaining three (late seroconversion). The C2V3 envelope region was analysed in samples of mother-child pairs by molecular cloning and sequencing. Comparisons of nucleotide and amino acid sequences as well as phylogenetic analysis were performed. The results showed low variability in the virus population of both mother and child. Maximum-likelihood analysis showed that, in the early pregnancy seroconversion case, a minor viral variant with further evolution in the child was transmitted, which could indicate a selection event in MTCT or a stochastic event, whereas in the late seroconversion cases, the mother's and child's sequences were intermingled, which is compatible with the transmission of multiple viral variants from the mother's major population. These results could be explained by the less pronounced selective pressure exerted by the immune system in the early stages of the mother's infection, which could play a role in MTCT of HIV-1.

Evaluación de la calidad en la administración de medicamentos intravenosos y su impacto en la seguridad del paciente / Quality assessment in the administration of intravenous medications and their impact on patient safety / Avaliação da qualidade na administração de intravenosos e seu impacto na segurança do paciente

El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la calidad en la administración de medicamentos por vía intravenosa que proporciona el profesional de enfermería a través del conocimiento del índice de eficiencia, lo que permitirá determinar en qué están fallando las enfermeras y con ello implementar estrategias de mejora, pero también determinar cuáles son sus fortalezas para seguirlas reforzando. Además de lo anterior es importante conocer estos resultados, porque permiten valorar como está impactando en la seguridad del paciente y determinar cuáles factores están predominando. El presente es un estudio de tipo descriptivo, transversal, correlacional. La unidad de análisis son los procedimientos de administración de medicamentos intravenosos, que se aplicaron a los pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de pediatría III y IV (N=114), con el objeto de conocer el nivel de eficiencia y su relación con las variables intervinientes, muestras que para la valoración de eventos adversos se revisaron las cédulas de registro y seguimiento de incidentes reportados, analizándose los correspondientes a administración de medicamentos intravenosos (N=3). Los resultados apoyan que el índice de eficiencia general es de 85% y al compararlo con respecto al día de observación es estadísticamente significativo para el fin de semana, mientras que el turno, nivel académico y antigüedad no presentan diferencias. Por lo que respecta a la valoración de los eventos se localizaron tres reportes, de los cuales las enfermeras generales estuvieron involucradas en dos, predominando error en el paciente. Por lo que respecta a la valoración de los eventos se localizaron tres reportes, de los cuales las enfermeras generales estuvieron involucradas en dos predominando error en paciente. Se concluye que la evaluación dela calidad es una de las mejores tácticas para garantizar eficiencia en los servicios de salud, lo que implica monitoreo, seguimiento, medición y comparación, finalmente con los resultados diseñar estrategias que permitan brindar mejores cuidados, a través de una guía clínica para la administración segura de medicamentos basada en evidencia científica.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of intravenous drug administration provided by the nursing professional through knowledge of the efficiency index, which will allow to determine what the nurses are failing and thus implement improvement strategies, but also determine what their strengths are to continue reinforcing them. In addition to the above, it is important to know these results, because they allow us to assess how it is impacting patient safety and determine which factors are predominant. The present is a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study. The unit of analysis are the intravenous drug administration procedures, which were applied to patients hospitalized in the pediatric service III and IV (N = 114), in order to know the level of efficiency and its relationship with the intervening variables , samples that for the evaluation of adverse events were reviewed the records of registration and follow-up of reported incidents, analyzing those corresponding to intravenous drug administration (N = 3). The results support that the general efficiency index is 85% and when compared to the observation day is statistically significant for the weekend, while the shift, academic level and seniority do not present differences. Regarding the evaluation of the events, three reports were located, of which the general nurses were involved in two, with error prevailing in the patient. With regard to the assessment of the events, three reports were located, of which the general nurses were involved in two, predominating error in the patient. It is concluded that the evaluation of quality is one of the best tactics to guarantee efficiency in health services, which implies monitoring, monitoring, measurement and comparison, finally with the results designing strategies that allow to provide better care, through a guide clinic for the safe administration of medicines based on scientific evidence.

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a qualidade da administração de medicamentos por via intravenosa fornecida pelo profissional de enfermagem através do conhecimento do índice de eficiência, o que permitirá determinar o que os enfermeiros estão falhando e, assim, implementar estratégias de melhoria, mas também determinar quais são seus pontos fortes para continuar reforçando-os. Além do exposto acima, é importante conhecer esses resultados, pois eles nos permitem avaliar como está impactando a segurança do paciente e determinar quais fatores são predominantes. O presente é um estudo descritivo, transversal e correlacional. A unidade de análise são procedimentos de medicamentos por via intravenosa a doentes hospitalizados aplicadas em pediatria III e IV (n = 114), a fim de conhecer o nível de eficiência e a sua relação com as variáveis ​​envolvidas , amostras que, para avaliação de eventos adversos, foram revisadas, os registros de registro e acompanhamento dos incidentes relatados, analisando os registros correspondentes à administração de medicamentos intravenosos (N = 3). Os resultados suportam que o índice de eficiência geral é de 85% e quando comparado ao dia de observação é estatisticamente significativo para o final de semana, enquanto o turno, nível acadêmico e antiguidade não apresentam diferenças. Quanto à avaliação dos eventos, foram localizados três relatos, dos quais os enfermeiros generalistas foram envolvidos em dois, com erro predominante no paciente. No que se refere à avaliação dos eventos, foram localizados três relatos, dos quais os enfermeiros generalistas foram envolvidos em dois, predominando erro no paciente. Conclui-se que a qualidade dela avaliação é uma das melhores táticas para garantir a eficiência dos serviços de saúde, que envolve o monitoramento, acompanhamento, medição e comparação, finalmente, com os resultados para projetar estratégias para proporcionar um melhor atendimento através de um guia clínica para a administração segura de medicamentos baseada em evidências científicas.

Cor triatriatum sinistrum: estrategia diagnóstica y terapéutica / Cor triatriatum a rare congenital cardiac malformation of diagnostic difficulty

Introducción. El cor triatriatum sinistrum es una membrana fibromuscular anómala en aurícula izquierda que la divide en 2 cavidades, con grados variables de obstrucción. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo, que muestra 10 pacientes tratados en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez en 26 años, diagnosticados con ecocardiografía. Resultados. En ningún caso fue necesario realizar estudios adicionales ya que la ecocardiografía fue definitiva en el diagnóstico. La media de edad fue 16.9 meses; distribución por sexos 1:1. Dos pacientes murieron. El seguimiento a largo plazo promedió 46.8 meses en los 8 pacientes restantes. Conclusión. La ecocardiografía fue diagnóstica e identificó anomalías cardiacas congénitas asociadas. El abordaje por atriotomía derecha permitió una excelente exposición, la resección de la membrana obstructiva y la resolución de defectos asociados, demostrando ser la medida terapéutica definitiva. Esta es la serie pediátrica más grande reportada en nuestro país a la fecha.

Introduction. We define cor triatriatum sinistrum as an anomalous fibromuscular membrane in the left atrium which divides it into 2 cavities with variable degrees of obstruction. Material and methods. In this retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study we show a series of ten patients treated at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico in a 26 year-experience diagnosed by echocardiography. Results. No additional studies were necessary. Median age was 16.9 months; sex distribution was 1:1, registering mortality in 2 patients (20%). Long-term follow-up in 8 remaining patients had a mean of 46.8 months. Echocardiography is diagnostic and identifies associated congenital cardiac anomalies; right atriotomy approach provides excellent exposure and allows resection of the obstructive membrane. It also allows resolution of associated defects and is the preferential approach. Conclusion. This is the largest pediatric series reported to date in our country.

Efficacy of strategies to reduce mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Argentina, 1993-2000.

This study evaluated the success of a national program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 in 874 mother-infant pairs from Buenos Aires and surroundings. This population was referred to the National Reference Center for AIDS for diagnosis of neonatal infection during 1993-2000. The data revealed an increase in the use of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy from 3.2% in 1993-1994 to 73.1% in 1999-2000 and in the use of cesarean delivery (reaching 54.8% in 1999-2000). However, the proportion of HIV-infected women who continued to breast-feed their children remained steady (around 12%). General improvement of the conditions for decreasing MTCT resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of infected infants from 37.3% before 1995 to 10.7% in 1999-2000 and even 6.5% during 2001. Data on the time of diagnosis indicated that only 42.7% of the women knew about their HIV status before pregnancy, 44.8 knew during pregnancy, and 12.3% knew after the birth of their child. The main risk factor for HIV infection in the mothers was heterosexual contact (73%), and in the fathers, it was injection drug use (67%). These results point out the urgent need to develop additional strategies for prevention of MTCT of HIV-1 to generalize education, counseling, and testing of young women.