Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 9 de 9
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
1.
Toxicon ; 240: 107655, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38382883

ABSTRACT

Leucaena leucocephala poisoning is reported in horses in different Brazilian regions. The poisoning occurred one month after the horses were introduced into paddocks invaded by the plant or after 10 days of consuming cut Leucaena administered as the only food. Affected horses showed moderate to severe hair loss on the mane and tail, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with marked follicular telogenization, and hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells. Mimosin concentration in leaves (5.5 mg/g) was determined by a new HLPC-UV method which is also reported.


Subject(s)
Fabaceae , Mimosine , Brazil , Hair , Plants
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(11): 852-862, Nov. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1155021

ABSTRACT

Somatic-cell nuclear transfer is a cloning technique that enables the creation of a viable embryo from a donor adult to produce a genetically identical individual. This technique opens numerous potential possibilities for medicine and animal reproduction. However, several reports have documented cloning-related issues. Embryo and fetal losses remain significantly higher than in other techniques, and there is a high incidence of dystocia and hydrops, which decreases efficiency and increases costs. Animals delivered at term often exhibit a syndrome known as macrosomia and experience difficulties in adapting to life outside the uterus, and death is a common outcome. In the present study, 41 cloned calves that died in the neonatal period were subjected to gross and histopathological examination. Most important gross lesions were found in the liver (enlargement, congestion, yellowish color), kidneys (brownish color at surface and cut, and cysts), lungs (atelectasis, parenchymal consolidation, and secretions in bronchi and bronchioles), and heart (concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, hematic cysts, persistence of ductus arteriosus). Primary microscopic findings were seen in the liver, kidneys, and lungs from neonatal calves. In the liver, 85% of the animals exhibited hepatic degeneration. The presence of a brownish pigment within the cortical tubules of the kidneys was found in approximately 90% of the samples; the presence of this pigment has not been previously reported in cloned calves. In the lungs, a large number of animals exhibiting lesions characteristic of pneumonia (55%). These changes were the pivotal causes of death, mainly due to problems in adapting to life outside the uterus and opportunistic infections in the neonatal period. Further investigation focusing on pathological anatomical changes is necessary to map these abnormalities in cloned animals.(AU)


A transferência nuclear de células somáticas ou clonagem é uma técnica que permite produzir um indivíduo geneticamente igual a um outro indivíduo adulto. Esta técnica abre inúmeras possibilidades para a medicina e para a reprodução animal. Porém, existem inúmeros relatos de problemas associados à clonagem. A taxa de perda nos períodos embrionário e fetal ainda é muito alta quando comparada a outras biotécnicas; além disso, há uma maior incidência de hidropsias e distocias, diminuindo a eficiência e aumentando o custo da técnica. Os animais que vem a termo frequentemente apresentam uma síndrome chamada de macrossomia, e apresentam dificuldades de adaptação à vida extrauterina e, por isso, o óbito é um desfecho comum. No presente trabalho realizou-se necropsia e coleta de fragmentos de órgãos para avaliação histopatológica de 41 bezerros com óbito neonatal. As lesões macroscópicas mais importantes foram encontradas no fígado (hepatomegalia, congestão e coloração amarelada), rins (coloração amarronzada na superfície e ao corte, e cistos), pulmões (atelectasia, parênquima consolidado, e secreções nos brônquios e bronquíolos), e coração (hipertrofia concêntrica e excêntrica, cistos hemáticos e persistência de ducto arterioso). As principais alterações microscópicas observadas foram presença de pigmento acastanhado no interior dos túbulos corticais renais (aproximadamente 90% dos animais), degeneração hepática (85% das amostras avaliadas) e lesões características de pneumonia (55% dos animais). A pigmentação acastanhada no interior dos túbulos corticais é uma alteração que ainda não havia sido relatada anteriormente em animais clonados. As alterações observadas nestes órgãos foram determinantes para o óbito, e devem ter ocorrido sobretudo devido a problemas na adaptação ao ambiente extrauterino e em decorrência de infecções adquiridas no período neonatal. Os achados encontrados no presente trabalho denotam a necessidade de investigação anatomopatológica detalhada de animais clonados inviáveis, na tentativa de mapear as anormalidades apresentadas por eles.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Infant, Newborn , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Cloning, Organism/veterinary , Perinatal Death/etiology
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(5): 346-354, May 2020. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1135630

ABSTRACT

Ruminants may be affected by a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis forms the basis for ante mortem diagnostic evaluation of ruminants with clinical signs involving the CNS. Despite its importance as a tool to aid diagnosis, data regarding CSF examinations in spontaneous cases of CNS diseases in ruminants from Brazil are limited, and most reports involve experimental studies. Therefore, this study aimed to report the results of CSF analysis in 58 ruminants showing signs of neurological disorders. CSF samples for analysis were obtained from 32 cattle, 20 sheep, and 6 goats by cerebello-medullary cistern (n=54) or lumbosacral space (n=4) puncture. These ruminants showed neurological signs related to viral (n=13), mycotic (n=3), or bacterial (n=15) infections, and toxic (n=21), traumatic (n=4), or congenital disorders (n=2). CSF analysis from ruminants with viral infections presented lymphocytic pleocytosis, even though CSF showed no changes in several cases of rabies. Neutrophilic pleocytosis, cloudiness, presence of fibrin clots, and abnormal coloration were evident in the CSF of most cases of CNS bacterial infection, such as meningoencephalitis, meningitis, abscesses, myelitis, and a case of conidiobolomycosis. On the other hand, CSF was unchanged in most cases of toxic disorders, as botulism and hepatic encephalopathy. Elevated CSF density was observed in 60% of ruminants diagnosed with polioencephalomalacia. Our findings show that evaluation of CSF is a valuable diagnostic tool when used in association with epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings for diagnosis of CNS diseases in ruminants.(AU)


Os ruminantes podem ser afetados por uma grande variedade de doenças do sistema nervoso central (SNC). A análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) constitui a base da avaliação diagnóstica ante mortem de ruminantes com sinais clínicos envolvendo o SNC. Apesar de sua importância como ferramenta para auxiliar no diagnóstico, os dados referentes aos exames do LCR em casos espontâneos de doenças do SNC em ruminantes no Brasil são limitados, e, a maioria dos relatos envolve estudos experimentais. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar os resultados da análise do LCR em 58 ruminantes com distúrbios neurológicos. Amostras do LCR foram obtidas de 32 bovinos, 20 ovinos e 6 caprinos por punção da cisterna cerebelo-medular (n=54) ou espaço lombossacro (n=4) para posterior análise. Esses ruminantes apresentaram sinais neurológicos relacionados a infecções virais (n=13), micóticas (n=3) ou bacterianas (n=15), e desordens tóxicas (n=21), traumáticas (n=4) ou congênitas (n=2) A análise do LCR de ruminantes com infecções virais apresentou pleocitose linfocítica, embora, em vários casos de raiva, o LCR não tenha apresentado alterações. Pleocitose neutrofílica, turbidez, presença de coágulos de fibrina e coloração anormal foram evidentes no LCR da maioria dos casos de infecções bacterianas do SNC, como meningoencefalites, meningites, abscessos, mielite e um caso de conidiobolomicose. Por outro lado, o LCR não foi alterado na maioria dos casos dos distúrbios tóxicos, como botulismo e encefalopatia hepática. A densidade elevada no LCR foi observada em 60% dos ruminantes diagnosticados com polioencefalomalácia. Nossos resultados mostram que a avaliação do LCR é uma valiosa ferramenta de diagnóstico, quando usada em associação com os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos para o diagnóstico de doenças do SNC em ruminantes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Goats/cerebrospinal fluid , Sheep/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Spinal Puncture/veterinary , Nervous System Diseases/veterinary
4.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 29(2): 137-142, 2017 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28064563

ABSTRACT

We investigated the embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz (syn. Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.) leaves on pregnant rats ( Rattus norvegicus). Pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups: G1-fed a ration containing 5% P. pyramidalis leaves beginning on day 1 of pregnancy; G2-fed a ration containing 5% P. pyramidalis leaves commencing on day 6 of pregnancy; G3-fed a ration containing 10% P. pyramidalis leaves starting on day 6 of pregnancy; G4-control group. On day 21 of pregnancy, parameters of reproductive performance were recorded. Fetal growth was measured, and fetuses were subjected to external examination and identification of skeletal anomalies. Rations containing P. pyramidalis resulted in dead or undeveloped fetuses and reduced the number, length, and weight of the fetuses. Rations also increased postimplantation losses and the frequency of skeletal anomalies. Furthermore, P. pyramidalis was also responsible for dose-dependent lesions in the placentas. In conclusion, the ingestion of P. pyramidalis promotes fetal and placental damage.


Subject(s)
Caesalpinia , Embryo, Mammalian/abnormalities , Plant Leaves/toxicity , Teratogens/toxicity , Animals , Female , Goat Diseases/etiology , Goats , Male , Placenta/pathology , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/etiology , Toxicity Tests
5.
Acta Parasitol ; 58(2): 218-22, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23666659

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine whether asymptomatic horses naturally infected with Theileria equi retain infected erythrocytes in the spleen and whether the presence of the hemoparasite in this organ is associated with parasitemia. We collected samples from 25 adult horses without clinical signs of any disease. From each animal, we collected whole blood samples from the jugular vein and a splenic puncture blood sample. All samples were submited to blood cell counts and detection of Theileria or Babesia. DNA extraction and PCR were performed in all samples for identification of piroplasm infection (T. equi and B. caballi). From the 25 horses evaluated for piroplasm detection by PCR, seven horses (28%) were positive in jugular vein blood but negative in splenic blood samples, five horses (20%) were positive in splenic blood samples but negative in jugular vein blood samples, and 13 horses (52%) were positive in both jugular vein and splenic blood samples. The hematological evaluation revealed anemia in 13 of 25 (52%) infected horses, lymphopenia in five (20%), neutrophilia in two (8%), neutropenia in one (4%), and thrombocytopenia in one (4%) infected horse. The present study demonstrated that several (20%) of the asymptomatic piroplasm carrier horses did not show parasitemia, but show infected erythrocytes in the spleen.


Subject(s)
Carrier State/parasitology , Erythrocytes/parasitology , Horse Diseases/parasitology , Spleen/parasitology , Theileria/isolation & purification , Animals , Babesia/classification , Babesia/genetics , Babesia/isolation & purification , Babesiosis/blood , Babesiosis/parasitology , Carrier State/blood , Female , Horse Diseases/blood , Horse Diseases/physiopathology , Horses , Jugular Veins/cytology , Jugular Veins/parasitology , Male , Parasitemia/blood , Parasitemia/parasitology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Spleen/cytology , Theileria/classification , Theileria/genetics , Theileriasis/blood , Theileriasis/parasitology , Theileriasis/physiopathology
6.
Toxicon ; 63: 116-9, 2013 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23266310

ABSTRACT

Marsdenia megalantha is a rupicolous shrub with succulent roots from the semiarid region of Brazil that is known to cause fatal poisoning in livestock. We reported spontaneous cases of poisoning by M. megalantha roots in bovine, caprine, ovine, and equine species. The clinical and pathological findings of experimental administration of M. megalantha to sheep, goats, a calf and a pig are reported. Three goats, two sheep and a calf were dosed once orally with freshly chopped roots at dose of 25 g wet plant/kg bw; another sheep and a pig were dosed with 10 g wet plant/kg bw. Poisoning occurred in all of the animals except the three goats. Clinical signs of poisoning included tachycardia, opisthotonus, ruminal bloat, dyspnea, nystagmus, mydriasis, ataxia, and recumbence with paddling movements. Pathological evaluation showed segmental laminar neuronal necrosis and spongiosis in the telencephalic cortex and degeneration of Purkinje cells. The picrate paper procedure detected no cyanide in the plant roots, but the reaction used for nitrate detection gave a strongly positive response. In conclusion, M. megalantha is a poisonous plant that produces acute poisoning characterized mainly by nervous disturbances. Livestock producers should offer alternative food during the dry and early rainy seasons to avoid the poisoning by this plant.


Subject(s)
Livestock , Marsdenia/toxicity , Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Plant Poisoning/etiology , Acute Disease , Animal Feed , Animals , Cattle , Disease Models, Animal , Goats , Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Plant Poisoning/pathology , Plants, Toxic/toxicity , Sheep , Swine
8.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 29(11): 925-930, Nov. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539044

ABSTRACT

A síndrome do abscesso pituitário é uma doença neurológica responsável por casos esporádicos e surtos, principalmente em bezerros, ocasionando alto índice de mortalidade. Descreve-se a ocorrência e os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anátomo-patológicos em três bezerros com síndrome do abscesso pituitário no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os animais tinham 8-11 meses de idade e os sinais clínicos mais marcantes relacionaram-se aos sinais nervosos de origem cerebral e do tronco encefálico com evolução clínica de 7-20 dias. A hematologia revelou leucocitose por neutrofilia e hiperfibrinogenemia. A análise do líquido céfalo-raquidiano apresentou pleocitose neutrofílica. Arcanobacterium pyogenes foi isolado do líquido céfalo-raquidiano. Um dos bezerros apresentou recuperação após antibioticoterapia. A mortalidade foi de 66,6 por cento (2/3). Os achados de necropsia consistiram em um único abscesso de localização parapituitária ou situado no parênquima da glândula; um dos bezerros apresentou rinite necrosante e outro, broncopneumonia abscedativa. O exame histológico do sistema nervoso central revelou ausência quase completa do tecido hipofisário normal, devido à necrose extensa e infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico difuso concomitante. Reitera-se a importância da realização de práticas de manejo adequadas a fim de reduzir a incidência de inúmeras enfermidades, principalmente em bezerros, dentre elas a síndrome do abscesso pituitário.


Pituitary abscess syndrome is a neurologic disease responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks especially in calves leading to high mortality rates. This paper aimed to report the occurrence and the clinical, laboratorial and pathologic findings in three 8 to 11-month-old calves with pituitary abscess syndrome from Mid-Western Brazil. The most important clinical findings were nervous signs of cerebral and brainstem origin with clinical evolution of 7-20 days. Hematology revealed leucocytosis by neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed neutrophilic pleocytosis. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. One calf recovered after antibiotic treatment. Mortality rate was 66.6 percent (2/3). Necropsy findings included single para-hypophyseal abscesses or located in the glandular parenchyma; one calf showed necrotizing rhinitis and another abscedative pneumonia. Histological exams of the central nervous system reveal complete absence of normal pituitary tissue due to the wide necrosis and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate. The authors reiterate the importance of adequate management practices to reduce incidence of several diseases especially in calves, including the pituitary abscess syndrome.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Abscess/veterinary , Pituitary Gland/injuries , Bacterial Infections/pathology
9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 29(3): 233-240, mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-513296

ABSTRACT

Descrevem-se três surtos de intoxicação por vagens de Prosopis juliflora no Sertão e Agreste de Pernambuco, na região semi-árida, em animais pastejando áreas invadidas pela planta ou que ingeriram as vagens como alimento concentrado. Em duas fazendas nas que a doença ocorria esporadicamente foram observados casos individuais. Em outra, o surto afetou um rebanho de 1206 bovinos, dos quais adoeceram 112 (9,28 por cento) e morreram 84 (6,96 por cento), enquanto os demais 28 (2,32 por cento) recuperaram-se e ganharam peso após a retirada das vagens da alimentação. Clinicamente observou-se, principalmente, perda de peso progressiva, atrofia da musculatura da face e masseter, mandíbula pendulosa, protrusão de língua, dificuldade de apreensão e mastigação dos alimentos, torção da cabeça para mastigar ou ruminar, salivação excessiva, disfagia e hipotonia lingual. Nos exames laboratoriais constatou-se anemia e hipoproteinemia. Na necropsia havia caquexia e diminuição de volume e coloração acinzentada dos músculos masseteres. Na histologia observou-se degeneração de neurônios do núcleo motor do trigêmeo, degeneração Walleriana do nervo trigêmeo e atrofia muscular por denervação do músculo masseter com substituição por tecido fibroso. Recomendam-se medidas para a profilaxia da intoxicação e discute-se a necessidade de desenvolver pesquisas para determinar a viabilidade econômica e sustentabilidade da utilização da algaroba como alimento animal ou humano e para produção de carvão, lenha ou madeira.


Three outbreaks of poisoning by Prosopis juliflora pods are reported in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, in cattle grazing in fields invaded by the plant or ingesting mesquite beans as a concentrate food. In two farms the disease occurred sporadically. In another, 112 (9.28 percent) cattle out of 1206 were affected, 84 (6.96 percent) died due to emaciation, and 28 (2.32 percent) gained weight after the pods had been withdrawn from the feed. Main clinical signs were progressive weight loss, atrophy of the masseter muscles, dropped jaw, tongue protrusion, difficulties in prehending food, tilting the head during mastigation or rumination, salivation, impaired swallowing, and decreased tone of the tongue. The hematology reveals hypoproteinemia and anemia. Gross lesions were emaciation and reduction in size of the masseter muscles, which appear thinner than normal and grayish due muscular atrophy. Degeneration of neurons of the trigeminal motor nuclei, Wallerian degeneration of the trigeminal nerve roots, and muscular atrophy of the masseter muscles with substitution by fibrous tissue were observed on histologic examination. For the prevention of the poisoning is necessary to limit the amount of mesquite beans in animal nutrition. It is also necessary to develop research to determine the economic and sustainability of the use of Prosopis juliflora for animal food, human food or other uses such as charcoal, wood and fuel wood.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Disease Outbreaks , Nerve Degeneration/chemically induced , Cranial Nerves/pathology , Prosopis/adverse effects , Prosopis/toxicity
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...