[Macular oedema]. / Edemul macular.

Macular edema is a well-known endpoint of ocular diseases, but the pathogenic impact of extra and intracellular fluid accumulation still remains uncertain. While most author favor an extracellular fluid accumulation as the main causative factor, there are indication that Muller cells swelling may also contribute to edema development.

[Avastin treatment in intraocular tumors]. / Tratamentul cu avastinl intravitreean în tumorile intraoculare.

Bevacizumab is used in the treatment of cancer where it inhibits tumor growth by blocking the formation of new blood vessels (blocking angiogenesis). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the short-term safety and effectiveness of Avastin injected into the eyeball in cases with intraocular tumors following-up the subjective and objective postoperative results.

[Electroretinography in monitoring glaucoma patients]. / Electroretinograma in monitorizarea bolii glaucomatoase (I).

Ocular electrophysiology investigations come back in actuality with new elements; current functional tests involve bias (VF) and require the use of investigations with a high degree of objectivism: full field ERG, pattern ERG, for early detection and monitoring of certain ophthalmic diseases.

[Electroretinography in monitoring of glaucoma (II)]. / Electroretinograma în monitorizarea bolii glaucomatoase (II).

Pattern ERG represents an effective mean for ocular disease examination where the retinal ganglion cells are lost. Pattern ERG is required as an objective technique in the diagnosis and the tracking of the glaucomatous disease, allowing, with visual perimetry more specific identification of retinal lesions areas.

Evaluation of different surgical techniques in the management of subluxated cataractous lens.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and evaluate the outcome of different surgical techniques in the management of subluxated cataractous lens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 18 eyes of 18 patients with subluxated cataracts of varying etiology. Their preoperative examination maintain included: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), thorough anterior segment examination, by slit -lamp especially for the degree and extent of subluxation and cataract, cornea, iris and the pupil for other abnormalities or other traumatic signs, presence or absence of vitreous in the anterior chamber, IOP and finally fundus examination. The patients were then divided into 3 groups each comprising 6 patients. The first group underwent ECCE with sulcus implantation PMMA IOL , the second and third groups underwent phacoemulsification with bag implanted Acrylic IOL but the third group underwent special techniques and precautions during surgery. Postoperatively, all patients were examined for BCVA, IOP, IOL positioning, pupil, fundus examination. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were males and five were females. The etiology of subluxation was traumatic in ten males and two female. The ages of the patients were between 11 and 62 years old the post operative follow up period ranged between 7 and 16 months. No major intraoperative complications were noted. In the 1st group 2 patients underwent AC automated vitrectomy, 3 in the 2nd group, 1 in the 3rd group. Three patients needed scleral fixation suture . Thirteen patients had well centered IOL and 4 had slight decentration not necessitating further intervention and one in the 2nd group had clinically significant decentration where IOL explanation, widening of the wound and re implantation of a wide 6.5mm optic PMMA IOL was done in the second post operative daily. CONCLUSION: Subluxated cataracts need special precautions in the chosen surgical technique to maintain a reasonable safety level intraoperatively and an acceptable surgical.

Cystic optic nerve sheath meningioma.

A 58-year-old woman with a 35-year history of left proptosis underwent neuroimaging that revealed a large cystic lesion. Surgery revealed an optic nerve sheath meningioma associated with cyst formation. The cyst was part of the tumor, a phenomenon that is well described in intracranial meningiomas but not in optic nerve sheath meningiomas.

[In vivo study of effects of some alkyl-phenyl-pyridinium compounds after their exposure to optical UV beams]. / Studiu in vivo al efectelor unor compusi alchilfenilpiridinici expusi la radiatia optica.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of some alkyl-phenyl-pyridinium compounds (which are in fact cytostatics) on the pseudotumoral tissues after their exposure to optical UV- vis beams.

Intraocular foreign bodies associated with traumatic cataract.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prognostic factors and visual outcomes in patients with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) associated with traumatic cataract. PARTICIPANTS: 19 patients undergoing surgical removal of IOFB and cataract extraction with a minimum of 6-months follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES: Final best corrected visual acuity was the main outcome where ocular findings at presentation were compared with final visual acuity to determine prognostic factors for visual outcome. RESULTS: Final best corrected visual acuity of > 6/30 was obtained in 12 patients (63.2%) and functional vision (> 1.5/60) was achieved in five patients (26.3%). CONCLUSION: Final visual outcomes were found in 63.2% of patients. Initial visual acuity was the strongest predictor of final visual outcome in this study. Additional predictive factors included the mechanism of injury and the presence of vitreous hemorrhage.

5-fluorouracil as a phosensitiser.

5-FU exhibits a high fluorescence after irradiation with UV-vis light. An enhancement of the cytostatic activity of 5-FU under UV-vis irradiation was observed on an in vivo experimental model.

[Yttrium- Aluminium Garnet Crystal (I)]. / Cristalul de granat de yttriu si aluminiu (I).

The Yttrium- Aluminum Garnet Crystal is synthetically obtained and represents the active medium of the Nd: YAG, Ho: YAG, Er: YAG lasers. These solid state lasers showed very good results in Ophthalmology, due to their emission in different regimes (continuous wave or giant short pulses), at different wavelengths (near IR and starting from it in UV or visible spectre), the ability to focus the radiation through simple optic systems or the transmission to narrow, hard accessible spaces using flexible optic fibers. The high efficiency of these lasers reported in ophthalmology is obtained by the photo-disruptive or thermic mechanism of the laser beams. This paper introduces the properties of the laser radiation, the structure and the way the YAG laser works and the applications of these lasers in Ophthalmology (such as posterior capsulotomy, iridotomy or trabeculoplasty) as well.

[Fungal endogenous endophthalmitis--case report]. / Endoftalmita endogena fungica--caz clinic--.

This paper presents a particular case of endogenous candida endophthalmitis, at a patient with lots of risk factors; the correct diagnosis was relatively late; it had been surgically solved by posterior vitrectomy.

Methotrexate as a photosensitiser.

The absorption, excitation and emission spectra of methotrexate (MTX) solutions in natural saline water and sodium hydroxide at 10(-4)-10(-5) MpH=8.4 were measured, while they were exposed to coherent and uncoherent visible and near ultraviolet (UV) light. Xe and Hg lamp and also a nitrogen pulsed laser radiation were used. The absorption spectra exhibited spectral bands between 225 nm and 450 nm. The 200 nm - 500 nm excitation spectra were measured with emission centred on 470 nm; fluorescence excitation was observed at 340 nm and 370 nm; emission fluorescence was detected between 400 nm and 600 nm, showing a maximum at 470 nm. Spectra modifications, non-linearly depending on exposure time (varying from 3 min to 180 min), indicated the photodissociation of MTX to the fluorescent compound 2,4 diamino-formylpteridine. In a preliminary in vivo experiment, rapid destruction of neovascularisation was observed in the MTX-impregnated conjunctive of the rabbit eye exposed to uncoherent UV and visible light.

[Retinal tumors of the adult--two case reports]. / Tumorile retiniene ale adultului exemplificate în doua cazuri clinice.

Most frequently, retinal tumors that affect adults are rare, benign lesions that arise from vascular structures (hemangioma), neuroglial structures (astrocytoma, massive gliosis of the retina) or neuroepithelial cells (occasional forms of retinoblastoma that spontaneously stop growing and do not achieve or lose their malignant character). Retinal metastasis might be encountered but the settling of cancer cells at this level is very rare. Retinal tumors have frequently systemic associations and in this case they are included in the phacomatoses syndrome; nevertheless, they can also occur as a nonsyndromic pathological disorder. Even if the incidence is rare and the variety limited, issuing a diagnosis proves difficult because retinal tumors look like other lesions or due to a low visibility of the ocular fundus. Hereunder we shall present you two cases of retinal tumors that were difficulty diagnosed and treated by surgical excision of the tumor.

[Retinal detachment with giant tears]. / Dezlipirile de retina cu rupturi gigante.

Retinal detachments are one of the greatest challenge for the vitreoretinal surgeon. Giant tears have a special place among them because they need a special equipment and experience. We are presenting here our experience concerning this type of tears.