ABSTRACT
O câncer de mama é o principal tipo de câncer que acomete as mulheres no mundo. Muitos são os fatores que estão associados ao aparecimento e desenvolvimento desse tipo de tumor. Há grande variabilidade interindividual tanto na idade da mulher no momento do diagnóstico de câncer de mama quanto na expressão fenotípica existente nesse mesmo momento, o que torna o diagnóstico desafiante para qualquer pesquisador. Na última década, houve melhor entendimento sobre os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na progressão do câncer de mama e sobre o papel central das alterações moleculares na detecção precoce do tumor. O desafio agora é aprender a usar as características moleculares individuais do tumor de cada paciente e melhorar as formas atuais de detecção e de tratamento, visando à prevenção do aparecimento e ao diagnóstico precoce do tumor. Atualmente, dois são os métodos já amplamente utilizados nos Estados Unidos para caracterizar molecularmente os tumores mamários: MammaPrint e OncotypeDX. Este trabalho teve por objetivo discutir esses dois métodos prognósticos do câncer de mama, visando estabelecer diferenças entre eles e suas principais aplicações.
Breast cancer is the leading cancer affecting women worldwide. There are many factors associated with the emergence and development of this tumor type. There is large interindividual variability in both woman's age at breast cancer diagnosis and the phenotypic expression existing at that moment, which makes the diagnosis challenging for any researcher. In the last decade, there was a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of breast cancer and the central role of molecular changes in early detection of tumor. The challenge now is to learn how to use the individual tumor molecular characteristics of each patient and improve the current forms of detection and treatment, aiming at preventing the onset and the early diagnosis of the tumor. Currently, two methods are already widely used in United States of America to molecularly characterize breast tumors: MammaPrint and OncotypeDX. This paper aimed to discuss these two methods for breast cancer prognosis, in order to establish differences between them and their main application.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Epidemiologic Studies , GeneticsABSTRACT
The CGPS of the woodwork of a public university was observed and analyzed. Apart from what is usual in the field of Ergonomics' studies, it is an academic context, where there is not a direct implication of profit, productivity and clientele. The group tried to sever negative and broadcasted opinions about the place by analyzing it from a different point of view. This work was considered relevant, since it is related to neglect of education and citizenship. For this case study, it was used the Ergonomics Analysis of Work with all workers at the woodwork. The instruments were documental analysis, free observation with photographic register, semi-structured interview with the workers and survey Pontos de Vericação Ergonômica. The results are presented by the perspective of work conditions, work organization and social-professional work relationship. The present study brought several contributions, such as the complementation of the theory and a new perspective of the analyzed context, o bserved now by the worker's point of view. As a result of the analysis, it was questioned about citizenship and the neglect with the public good, even though the relevant social role that this academic institution plays. In conclusion, the group suggests some proposals that modify positively the CGPS of this academic woodwork.