ABSTRACT
Introducción: La fauna de sedimentos del subsuelo, donde se da el intercambio entre aguas subterráneas y superficiales, llamada "fauna hiporreica", cumple funciones ecológicas importantes en los ríos; sin embargo, no ha sido estudiada suficientemente en Colombia. Objetivo: Identificar las relaciones entre los invertebrados hiporreicos y variables fisicoquímicas en el río Dagua, Colombia. Métodos: En tres giras a campo (entre octubre 2017 y diciembre 2018) en cinco estaciones de muestreo a lo largo de la cuenca del río, realizamos perforaciones implementando el método de Karaman-Chappuis (sedimento, agua e invertebrados), y registramos la granulometría y materia orgánica en los sedimentos; además, medimos nutrientes, iones y metales en el agua. Resultados: Las estaciones en la zona de cabecera tuvieron sustratos con sedimentos gruesos (grava y piedra), mayores niveles de oxígeno, y menor temperatura del agua. La riqueza y diversidad de especies fueron mayores en estaciones en la zona cabecera, donde predominaron Copepoda e Insecta, mientras que en sitios de cuenca baja predominaron Arachnida (Hydrachnidiae), Clitellata (Oligochaeta) y Nematoda. Conclusiones: La distribución y abundancia de la fauna hiporreica fueron principalmente influenciadas por cambios en la granulometría del sustrato hiporreico y sus contenidos de materia orgánica.
Introduction: The fauna from the subsurface sediments where groundwaters and surface waters are exchanged, called "hyporheic fauna", fulfills important ecological functions in rivers, but has not been sufficiently studied in Colombia. Objective: To identify relationships between hyporheic invertebrates and physicochemical variables in the Dagua River, Colombia. Methods: In three field trips (between October 2017 and December 2018) to five sites along the river basin, we drilled with the Karaman-Chappuis method (sediment, water, and invertebrates), and recorded granulometry and organic matter in sediments; and nutrients, ions, and metals in water. Results: The headwater stations had substrates with coarser sediments (gravel and stone), higher oxygen levels, and lower water temperature. Both richness and species diversity were higher at the headwater stations, dominated by Copepoda and Insecta, while the lower basin was dominated by Arachnida (Hydrachnidiae), Clitellata (Oligochaeta), and Nematoda. Conclusions: The distribution and abundance of the hyporheic fauna were principally influenced by changes in the granulometry of the hyporheic substrate and its content of organic matter.
Subject(s)
Anthropic Erosion , Biodiversity , Water Pollution , Colombia , RiversABSTRACT
Deforestation results in habitat fragmentation, decreasing diversity, and functional degradation. For mangroves, no data are available on the impact of deforestation on the diversity and functionality of the specialized invertebrate fauna, critical for their functioning. We compiled a global dataset of mangrove invertebrate fauna comprising 364 species from 16 locations, classified into 64 functional entities (FEs). For each location, we calculated taxonomic distinctness (Δ+), functional richness (FRi), functional redundancy (FRe), and functional vulnerability (FVu) to assess functional integrity. Δ+ and FRi were significantly related to air temperature but not to geomorphic characteristics, mirroring the global biodiversity anomaly of mangrove trees. Neither of those two indices was linked to forest area, but both sharply decreased in human-impacted mangroves. About 60% of the locations showed an average FRe < 2, indicating that most of the FEs comprised one species only. Notable exceptions were the Eastern Indian Ocean and west Pacific Ocean locations, but also in this region, 57% of the FEs had no redundancy, placing mangroves among the most vulnerable ecosystems on the planet. Our study shows that despite low redundancy, even small mangrove patches host truly multifunctional faunal assemblages, ultimately underpinning their services. However, our analyses also suggest that even a modest local loss of invertebrate diversity could have significant negative consequences for many mangroves and cascading effects for adjacent ecosystems. This pattern of faunal-mediated ecosystem functionality is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of mangrove forests to anthropogenic impact and provides an approach to planning their effective conservation and restoration.
Subject(s)
Invertebrates , Wetlands , Animals , Biodiversity , Indian Ocean , Invertebrates/physiology , Pacific Ocean , TreesABSTRACT
El trabajo consistió en un plan de monitoreo que contó con una red de diez estaciones distribuidas en bahía Málaga y fue realizado por muestreos trimestrales entre el 2005 y 2006. En esos muestreos se evaluó la calidad de las aguas superficiales mediante la medición de variables fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas, nutrientes y tóxicos orgánicos. La cercanía a la bahía de Buenaventura y la influencia de algunos esteros como Luisico, Valencia, Los Monos y La Sierpe favorece el aporte de materiales biogénicos (N, P, Si) que sostienen la productividad primaria de bahía Málaga en la que aún no se evidencian riesgos ambientales por procesos de eutrofización. Los resultados muestran un buen estado de la calidad de sus aguas y aportan elementos útiles para las autoridades locales, regionales y nacionales en procesos de conservación y planes de manejo de la bahía como área marina protegida.
A monitory plan in ten stations distributed in bahía Málaga between 2005 and 2006 was done to evaluate superficial water quality using physico-chemical, microbiological, nutrients and toxic organic variables. The streams and rivers in this zone (Luisico, Valencia, Los Monos y La Sierpe) bring biogenic materials (N, P, Si) that sustains primary productivity in the bay. This bay does not show any eutrophication process. The results constitute useful arguments for the local, regional and national authorities in the process of conservation and plans of managing of the bay as marine protected area.
