Influence of Erosive and Abrasive Cycling on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Enamel: An In situ Study.

This study evaluated the impact of orange juice on the bond strength (BS) of dentin bonding systems (DBSs) to enamel surface after simulation with an in situ/ ex vivo erosive cycling. One hundred and ninety two bovine enamel fragments (4x4x2mm) were obtained and randomized regarding superficial microhardness and distributed to palatal devices for 8 volunteers, in three phases (one for each DBS), containing 8 blocks, which were, allocated in 4 pairs. Daily, these pairs were subjected extraorally to the following conditions: CONT- neither erosive nor abrasive challenge; ERO- erosive challenge only; ABR- abrasive challenge only and ERO + ABR- with erosive and abrasive challenges. Erosive cycles (immersion in orange juice, 3 times/day/5 min/5 days) or/and abrasive challenges (electric toothbrush, 3 times/day/1 min/5 days) were performed. After these cycles, all specimens were restored with the adhesive systems Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose (MP), Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) or Clearfil SE Bond (SE), and the composite resin Filtek Z250. After 7 days, sticks (area ≅1 mm2) were obtained and subjected to the microtensile bond strength test (µTBS) at 0.5 mm/min. Data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (a=0.05). Failure modes were determined using a digital microscope (40´). DBS was the only statistical significant factor. SE was the unique DBS not affected in any challenge, whereas MP and SB performed according to the scenario. The adhesive and mixed failures were predominant in all groups. Overall performance suggested that BS to enamel after erosive /abrasive challenged by orange juice was not affected and it was material-dependent.

Prevalencia de hábitos orales y alteraciones dentoalveolares en niños de 6 a 12 años / Prevalence of oral habits and dentoalveolar alterations in children 6 to 12 years

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de hábitos orales y alteraciones dentoalveolares en niños de 6 a 12 años atendidos en una Clínica Docente. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, utilizando una muestra de 1006 historias clínicas de niños entre las edades de 6 a 12 años usando la base de datos del software U-smile. Resultados: Manifestándose una predisposición al hábito de deglución atípica (19,48%); succión digital (2.19%) y respiración bucal (0.20%). La prevalencia de las alteraciones dentoalveolares mordida cruzada anterior (8.65%) y posterior(5.27%); mordida abierta anterior (9.74%) y posterior (0.89%); relaciones molares derecha según Angle clase I (57.95%),clase II (19.98%) y clase III (10.64%); relaciones molares izquierda según Angle clase I (55.86%), clase II (18.39%) y claseIII (14.61%); plano terminal derecho escalón mesial (6.66%), plano terminal recto (0.89%) y escalón distal (0.40%); planoterminal izquierdo escalón mesial (6.16%), plano terminal recto (0.99%) y escalón distal (0.70%); overjet de 1mm a 4mm(70.78%), mayor a 4mm (11.93%) y menor a 4mm (6.26%); el overbite de 10% a 40% (45.03%), mayor a 40% (16.60%) ymenor a 10% (11.43%)...

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral habits and dentoalveolar alterations among 6- to-12-yearoldchildren treated at the Teaching Private Hospital. It is a descriptive, cross- sectional study with a sample size of 1,006 medical records of 6- to-12-year-old children, using the U-smile software database. It was found a predisposition towardsan atypical swallowing habit (19.48%); digit sucking (2.19%); and mouth breathing (0.20%). The prevalence of dentoalveolar alterations was: anterior crossbite (8.65%), and posterior crossbite (5.27%); anterior open bite (9.74%) and posterioropen bite (0.89%); Angle´s Class I (57.95%), Class II (18.98%) and class III (10.64%) right molar relationship; Angle´s Class I(55.86%), Class II (18.39%) and Class III (14.61%) left molar relationship; terminal plane right with mesial step (6.66%), flush terminal plane (0.89%) and distal step (0.40%); terminal plane left with mesial step (6.16%), flush terminal plane (0.99%)and distal step (0.70%); overjet of 1mm to 4mm (70.78%), greater than 4mm (11.93%) and less than 4mm (6.26%); overbite of 10% to 40% (45.03%), greater than 40% (16.60%) and less than 10% (11.43%)...

Influence of Erosive and Abrasive Cycling on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Enamel: An In situ Study

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of orange juice on the bond strength (BS) of dentin bonding systems (DBSs) to enamel surface after simulation with an in situ/ ex vivo erosive cycling. One hundred and ninety two bovine enamel fragments (4x4x2mm) were obtained and randomized regarding superficial microhardness and distributed to palatal devices for 8 volunteers, in three phases (one for each DBS), containing 8 blocks, which were, allocated in 4 pairs. Daily, these pairs were subjected extraorally to the following conditions: CONT- neither erosive nor abrasive challenge; ERO- erosive challenge only; ABR- abrasive challenge only and ERO + ABR- with erosive and abrasive challenges. Erosive cycles (immersion in orange juice, 3 times/day/5 min/5 days) or/and abrasive challenges (electric toothbrush, 3 times/day/1 min/5 days) were performed. After these cycles, all specimens were restored with the adhesive systems Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose (MP), Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) or Clearfil SE Bond (SE), and the composite resin Filtek Z250. After 7 days, sticks (area ≅1 mm2) were obtained and subjected to the microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) at 0.5 mm/min. Data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (a=0.05). Failure modes were determined using a digital microscope (40´). DBS was the only statistical significant factor. SE was the unique DBS not affected in any challenge, whereas MP and SB performed according to the scenario. The adhesive and mixed failures were predominant in all groups. Overall performance suggested that BS to enamel after erosive /abrasive challenged by orange juice was not affected and it was material-dependent.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o impacto de suco de laranja na resistência de união (RU) de sistemas adesivos dentinários (SAD) à superfície do esmalte após a simulação com uma ciclagem erosiva in situ/ex vivo. Cento e noventa e dois fragmentos de esmalte bovino (4x4x2mm) foram obtidos e randomizados considerando a microdureza superficial, e distribuídos em dispositivos palatinos para 8 voluntários, em três fases (uma para cada SAD), contendo 8 blocos, os quais foram alocados em 4 pares. Diariamente, esses pares eram submetidos às seguintes condições extraoralmente: CONT- sem desafio erosivo ou abrasivo; ERO- desafio erosivo somente; ABR- desafio abrasivo somente; e ERO+ABR- com desafio erosivo e abrasivo. A ciclagem erosiva (imersão em suco de laranja, 3 vezes/dia/5 min/5 dias) e/ou ciclagem abrasiva (escova dentária elétrica, 3 vezes/dia/1 min/5 dias) foram feitas. Após estas ciclagens, todos os espécimes foram restaurados com os sistemas adesivos Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose (MP), Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) ou Clearfil SE Bond (SE), e com a resina composta Filtek Z250. Após 7 dias, palitos (área ≈1 mm) eram obtidos e submetidos ao teste de resistência de união por microtração (μTBS) a 0,5 mm/min. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (a=0,05). Os modos de fratura foram determinados utilizando um microscópio digital (40×). SAD foi o único fator estatisticamente significante. SE foi o único SAD não afetado por qualquer desafio, enquanto o MP e o SB apresentaram um desempenho de acordo com o cenário. As fraturas do tipo mista e adesiva foram predominantes em todos os grupos. O desempenho geral sugeriu que RU ao esmalte após desafio erosivo/abrasivo por suco de laranja não foi afetada e foi material-dependente.

Chlorhexidine does not improve but preserves bond strength to eroded dentin.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of aqueous solutions of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) in different concentrations on bond strength to eroded dentin up to 6 months, using normal dentin as a control. METHODS: Exposed flat dentin of extracted third molars was only ground with 600-grit SiC paper/1 minute (normal dentin - N), or subsequently eroded by a regular-cola soft-drink (eroded dentin - E). N and E were acid-etched, washed, dried and rehydrated with 1.5 µL, respectively, of distillated water (control - NC / EC); of 0.004% CHX (N0.004% / E0.004%); or of 2% CHX (N2% / E2%). Adper Single Bond 2 was applied in all specimens and resin composite buildups were constructed with Filtek Z350. Specimens were sectioned in beams, which were tested (µTBS) immediately or after 6 months of aging. RESULTS: Microtensile bond strength to eroded dentin was always significantly lower than that to normal dentin. Application of tested CHX solutions did not exert a significant effect immediately; however, after aging, the 2% CHX prevented abrupt bond strength loss both to eroded and normal dentin.

Role of chlorhexidine in bond strength to artificially eroded dentin over time.

PURPOSE: To assess the long-term effect of a 2% aqueous chlorhexidine (CHX) solution on bond strength to artificially eroded dentin compared to sound dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat mid-coronal dentin surfaces of extracted third molars (n = 28) were subjected only to grinding with a 600-grit SiC paper for 1 min (sound dentin S, n = 14) or additionally to erosive pH cycling with a cola-based soft-drink (eroded dentin E, n = 14). After acid etching, rinsing, and air drying, S and E were rehydrated with 1.5 µl of 2% CHX (S2%, n = 7; E2%, n = 7) or of distilled water (control SC, n = 7; EC, n = 7). Composite buildups were incrementally constructed with Filtek Z350 following Adper Single Bond 2 application. Specimens were sectioned into beams, which were subjected to microtensile testing immediately or after 6 or 12 months of aging. Fractured surfaces were observed under a digital microscope (50X magnification). Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) (MPa) was analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05) and failure mode by the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Compared to sound dentin, eroded dentin was consistently related to lower µTBS. Immediately and after 12-month aging, the effect of CHX was insignificant, but it was significant after 6-month aging, when it conserved the bond strength to both eroded and sound dentin. The percentage of adhesive and mixed failures were equivalent, and significantly more frequent than cohesive failures, whether in dentin or in composite. CONCLUSION: The 2% CHX effect on bond strength conservation to both eroded and sound dentin was not found to be persistent.

Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro study

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel. Material and methods: Forty-six bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC), ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups, subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC, respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2 -specimens and subjected to a microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The Interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Results: All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation. Conclusions: All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC. .

Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six [Corrected] bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC), ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups, subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC, respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2 -specimens and subjected to a microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The Interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS: All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation. CONCLUSIONS: All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC.

Associação de técnicas conservadoras para otimizar a estética do sorriso: clareamento dental e microabrasão do esmalte / Association of conservative techniques an aesthetically optimization smile: dental bleaching and microabrasion

As várias opções para a realização de tratamentos estéticos conservadores permitem ao profissional a escolha de materiais e técnicas apropriados, que melhor se enquadrem nas características individuais de cada paciente e na realidade de seu consultório. No caso clínico apresentado, a técnica de clareamento dental em consultório com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (Total Blanc Office, DFL), ativado com luz híbrida LED/LASER e a microabrasão de esmalte com pasta de acido fosfórico a 37% e pedra pomes, foram associados. Os resultados com o clareamento em consultório são imediatos, de forma que o profissional dispõe de total controle sobre aplicação do gel clareador em áreas e dentes específicos. A microabrasão do esmalte é um tratamento simples e custo relativamente baixo, remove as manchas superficiais do esmalte com preservação de estrutura dental. No caso apresentado, a associação das duas técnicas proporcionou a obtenção de excelente resultado estético em apenas uma sessão de atendimento

Since there are several options of conservative aesthetic treatments the dentist may choose the most appropriate material and technique according to each patient’s needs. In the present case report, an in office bleaching procedure using 35% of hydrogen peroxide (Total Blanc Office, DFL), activated with a hybrid light source (LED/Diode laser) associated to enamel microabrasion using a 37% phosphoric acid and a pumice, was performed as a conservative treatment. Clinical results of in office bleaching technique are immediate, since the professional can apply the gel in specific areas. The enamel abrasion is a simple and low-cost dental treatment that removes superficial dental stains preserving the dental structure. In the reported case, the association of these two techniques has reached an excellent aesthetic result in one single session of treatment

Efeito da solução de clorexidina a 2% na adesão de um sistema restaurador adesivo à dentina previamente erodida com refrigerante tipo cola regular e light / Effect of 2% chlorhexidine solution on adhesive bond strength to eroded dentin by regular and light cola drinks

Os refrigerantes são potentes agentes erosivos que podem provocar perda de estrutura dentária e requerer o tratamento restaurador adesivo, dependendo do grau de comprometimento. Pelas diferentes propriedades apresentadas, estas bebidas podem afetar a adesão à dentina de diferentes formas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de união (RU) em dentina erodida tratada com solução de clorexidina a 2%. Sessenta terceiros molares tiveram a superfície dentinária do terço oclusal exposta e foram distribuídos em 3 grupos, de acordo com o protocolo erosivo: controle, sem desafio (C), desafio erosivo com Coca-Cola (CC) e desafio erosivo com Coca-Cola Light (CL). As ciclagens erosivas foram por ciclos de 5-min de imersão 3x/dia durante 5 dias. Em seguida, metade dos dentes foi tratado com solução de clorexidina a 2% (1,5ul) e o restante com água deioinizada (1,5ul) e o processo adesivo realizado com Adper Single Bond 2® e resina composta Filtek Z350®. Os espécimes foram mantidos em estufa a 37oC por 24 horas. Após esse período, todos os espécimes foram seccionados em palitos (0,80mm2 a 1mm2). Um terço dos palitos obtidos de cada grupo foi testado imediatamente (I-24 h) pelo teste de microtração. Os espécimes remanescentes foram envelhecidos em saliva artificial por 6 meses (6m) e 1 ano (1a) antes do teste. Os dados obtidos da microtração foram analisados por meio dos testes de ANOVA a três critérios e Tukey (p<0,05). O modo de fratura foi analisado e classificado em adesivo, misto e coesivo em dentina ou resina composta. Simultaneamente, uma fatia (mesiodistal) de cada espécime foi analisado por microscopia confocal para análise da interface resina/dentina e formação de tag nos tempos de envelhecimento. Os valores médios de resistência adesiva (MPa ± dp; 24 horas/6 meses /1 ano) foram: C(38,57 ± 15,36/26,67 ± 19,37/12,21 ± 11,24); C-Chx2%(41,93 ± 9,97/31,12 ± 17,02/11,86 ± 10,4); CC(21,80 ± 7,09/8,33 ± 10,71/4,70 ± 9,04)...

Soft drinks are potent erosive agents, which can provoke loss of dental structure and require adhesive restorative treatment, depending on the compromising level. Due to the different properties, these beverages can affect bonding to dentin in different manners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength (BS) to eroded dentin treated with 2% chlorhexidine solution. Sixty third human molars had their oclusal thirds removed to expose flat dentin and were divided into three groups, according to erosive protocol: Control (C) with no surface treatment, erosive challenge with Regular Coke (CC), erosive challenge with Light Coke (CL). The erosive challenge was performed by cycles of 5-min immersions, 3x/day during 5 days. After that, half of the teeth were treated with 2% chlorhexidine solution (1,5ul) and the remaining with deionized water (1,5ul) before adhesion procedure with Adper Single Bond 2® and FiltekTMZ350®. Specimens were stored at 37oC in deionized water for 24 hours. After this period, all specimens were sectioned into sticks (≈0.81 mm2 to 1mm2). A third of the specimens were tested immediately (I-24 h), for microtensile test. The remaining sticks aged in artificial saliva for 6 months (6m) and 1 year (1y) before testing. The failure mode was analyzed and classified as adhesive, mixed and cohesive in dentin or resin. Bond strength data was analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Simultaneously, one slice (mesial-distal) of each specimen was analyzed by confocal microscopy for analysis of the interface resin/dentin and tag formation over the aging time. Means and standard-deviation (MPa) of each group (I, 6m and 1y) were: C (38.57±15.36, 26.67±19.37, 12.21±11.24), C-Chx 2% (41.93±9.97, 31.2±17.02, 11.86±10.4), CC (21.80±7.09, 8.33±10.71, 4.70±9.04), CC-Chx 2% (19.85±7.87, 24.32±11.7, 6.19±12.37) CL (22.70±9.63, 10.25±15.6, 4.93±5.54) and CL-Chx 2% (22.40±7.34, 20.94±14.68, 16.05±13.91). Adhesive and/or mixed failures were...

Efeito da solução de clorexidina a 2% na adesão de um sistema restaurador adesivo à dentina previamente erodida com refrigerante tipo cola regular e light / Effect of 2% chlorhexidine solution on adhesive bond strength to eroded dentin by regular and light cola drinks

Os refrigerantes são potentes agentes erosivos que podem provocar perda de estrutura dentária e requerer o tratamento restaurador adesivo, dependendo do grau de comprometimento. Pelas diferentes propriedades apresentadas, estas bebidas podem afetar a adesão à dentina de diferentes formas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de união (RU) em dentina erodida tratada com solução de clorexidina a 2%. Sessenta terceiros molares tiveram a superfície dentinária do terço oclusal exposta e foram distribuídos em 3 grupos, de acordo com o protocolo erosivo: controle, sem desafio (C), desafio erosivo com Coca-Cola (CC) e desafio erosivo com Coca-Cola Light (CL). As ciclagens erosivas foram por ciclos de 5-min de imersão 3x/dia durante 5 dias. Em seguida, metade dos dentes foi tratado com solução de clorexidina a 2% (1,5ul) e o restante com água deioinizada (1,5ul) e o processo adesivo realizado com Adper Single Bond 2® e resina composta Filtek Z350®. Os espécimes foram mantidos em estufa a 37oC por 24 horas. Após esse período, todos os espécimes foram seccionados em palitos (0,80mm2 a 1mm2). Um terço dos palitos obtidos de cada grupo foi testado imediatamente (I-24 h) pelo teste de microtração. Os espécimes remanescentes foram envelhecidos em saliva artificial por 6 meses (6m) e 1 ano (1a) antes do teste. Os dados obtidos da microtração foram analisados por meio dos testes de ANOVA a três critérios e Tukey (p<0,05). O modo de fratura foi analisado e classificado em adesivo, misto e coesivo em dentina ou resina composta. Simultaneamente, uma fatia (mesiodistal) de cada espécime foi analisado por microscopia confocal para análise da interface resina/dentina e formação de tag nos tempos de envelhecimento. Os valores médios de resistência adesiva (MPa ± dp; 24 horas/6 meses /1 ano) foram: C(38,57 ± 15,36/26,67 ± 19,37/12,21 ± 11,24); C-Chx2%(41,93 ± 9,97/31,12 ± 17,02/11,86 ± 10,4); CC(21,80 ± 7,09/8,33 ± 10,71/4,70 ± 9,04)...

Soft drinks are potent erosive agents, which can provoke loss of dental structure and require adhesive restorative treatment, depending on the compromising level. Due to the different properties, these beverages can affect bonding to dentin in different manners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength (BS) to eroded dentin treated with 2% chlorhexidine solution. Sixty third human molars had their oclusal thirds removed to expose flat dentin and were divided into three groups, according to erosive protocol: Control (C) with no surface treatment, erosive challenge with Regular Coke (CC), erosive challenge with Light Coke (CL). The erosive challenge was performed by cycles of 5-min immersions, 3x/day during 5 days. After that, half of the teeth were treated with 2% chlorhexidine solution (1,5ul) and the remaining with deionized water (1,5ul) before adhesion procedure with Adper Single Bond 2® and FiltekTMZ350®. Specimens were stored at 37oC in deionized water for 24 hours. After this period, all specimens were sectioned into sticks (≈0.81 mm2 to 1mm2). A third of the specimens were tested immediately (I-24 h), for microtensile test. The remaining sticks aged in artificial saliva for 6 months (6m) and 1 year (1y) before testing. The failure mode was analyzed and classified as adhesive, mixed and cohesive in dentin or resin. Bond strength data was analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Simultaneously, one slice (mesial-distal) of each specimen was analyzed by confocal microscopy for analysis of the interface resin/dentin and tag formation over the aging time. Means and standard-deviation (MPa) of each group (I, 6m and 1y) were: C (38.57±15.36, 26.67±19.37, 12.21±11.24), C-Chx 2% (41.93±9.97, 31.2±17.02, 11.86±10.4), CC (21.80±7.09, 8.33±10.71, 4.70±9.04), CC-Chx 2% (19.85±7.87, 24.32±11.7, 6.19±12.37) CL (22.70±9.63, 10.25±15.6, 4.93±5.54) and CL-Chx 2% (22.40±7.34, 20.94±14.68, 16.05±13.91). Adhesive and/or mixed failures were...

Odontoma complejo extenso asociado a tercer molar retenido en base de mandíbula: relato de caso clínico / Extensive complex odontoma associated with an unerupted third molar in the mandible base: case Report

Los odontomas son tumores odontogénicos mixtos, diferenciados según sus características anatómicas en odontoma compuesto y complejo. El odontoma complejo es el más raro y normalmente se presenta con un curso evolutivo asintomático, puede ocasionar retención, mal posición dentaria y el aumento de volumen local. La terapéutica incluye exéresis completa de lesión. La evaluación histológica es importante, debido a la rara posibilidad de tratarse de un odontoma ameloblástico. El presente trabajo presenta un caso de una paciente de 18 años, transferida por un odontólogo para la evaluación de una lesión en la mandíbula del lado derecho. En la imagen radiográfica panorámica, se observó un área extensa radiopaca irregular, de evolución indeterminada, con aproximadamente 5 centímetros de diámetro, en la región del cuerpo y ángulo mandibular derecho. El tercer molar inferior derecho retenido y orientado hacia la base de la mandíbula, circunscrito por un área radiolúcida y el segundo molar inferior derecho ausente. Al examen físico intrabucal, observamos una tumefacción dura a la palpación en la superficie lingual de esta región. El diagnóstico presuntivo fue de odontoma complejo y quiste dentígero envolviendo el tercer molar. El examen microscópico reveló la presencia de folículos pericoronarios envolviendo el diente tercero molar inferior derecho y, en el interior de la masa removida, presencia de conglomerado irregular de esmalte, dentina, cemento y tejido pulpar. El diagnóstico final fue de odontoma complejo. La paciente se encontraba en observación de 5 años, sin signos clínicos y radiográficos de recidiva

Odontomas are mixed tumors which can be divided into two types: the complex and the compound odontoma. Complex odontoma is rare, and usually presents an asymptomatic course, being able to cause dental impaction, wrong teeth position and local volume increase. Surgical treatment of these lesions consists of local removal and curettage. The microscopic evaluation is important, because of the possibility of an ameloblastic odontoma. We report a case of an 18-year-old woman with a lesion involving the right mandible. In panoramic radiography we observed an extensive irregular radiopaque area with unknown evolution and approximately 5cm of diameter, in molar mandible region. Teeth 48 impacted and displaced to the mandible base, involved for a radiolucid area and absence of 47 tooth. The previous diagnosis was complex odontoma and dentigerous cyst involving the third molar. The microscopic examination showed a dental follicle surrounding tooth 48 and in the removed mass, haphazard fashion with enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Final microscopical diagnosis was complex odontoma. The patient is being followed-up for five years and no clinical and radiological evidences of recurrence were found

Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of direct and indirect pulp capping materials.

There are several studies about the cytotoxic effects of dental materials in contact with the pulp tissue, such as calcium hydroxide (CH), adhesive systems, resin composite and glass ionomer cements. The aim of this review article was to summarize and discuss the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of materials used for protection of the dentin-pulp complex, some components of resin composites and adhesive systems when placed in direct or indirect contact with the pulp tissue. A large number of dental materials present cytotoxic effects when applied close or directly to the pulp, and the only material that seems to stimulate early pulp repair and dentin hard tissue barrier formation is CH.

Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of direct and indirect pulp capping materials

There are several studies about the cytotoxic effects of dental materials in contact with the pulp tissue, such as calcium hydroxide (CH), adhesive systems, resin composite and glass ionomer cements. The aim of this review article was to summarize and discuss the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of materials used for protection of the dentin-pulp complex, some components of resin composites and adhesive systems when placed in direct or indirect contact with the pulp tissue. A large number of dental materials present cytotoxic effects when applied close or directly to the pulp, and the only material that seems to stimulate early pulp repair and dentin hard tissue barrier formation is CH.

Efeito do retardamento da polimerização da base de cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina na resistência adesiva em restaurações de resina composta / Effect of delaying photoativation of resin modified glass-ionomer cement used as a liner on the bond strength of composite resin restorations

Durante o processo inicial da reação de presa, o cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina (CIVMR) apresenta baixo módulo de elasticidade, característica importante quando utilizado como base de restaurações com resina composta, por diminuir o estresse de contração de polimerização nas paredes cavitárias. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da técnica de polimerização de uma base CIVMR (Vitrebond^TM) por resina na interface dente/restauração de resina composta, através de teste de microtração e análise em microscopia confocal. Foram utilizados 30 dentes molares humanos hígidos extraídos, nos quais foram confeccionadas cavidades padronizadas em sua face oclusal (5mm de comprimento x 3mm de largura x 4,5mm profundidade). O sistema adesivo utilizado Adper^TM Single Bond 2 foi marcado previamente com Rodamina B (0,16mg/ml), para possibilitar a análise em microscópio confocal. Os dentes foram divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo 1 (controle): base de CIVMR Vitrebond^TM + fotoativação + sistema adesivo + resina composta Filtek^TM Z250; Grupo 2: base de CIVMR Vitrebond^TM + sistema adesivo + fotoativação por 30 segundos simultânea dos dois materiais + resina composta Filtek^TM Z250; Grupo 3: base de CIVMR por resina Vitrebond^TM + tempo de espera de 60 segundos + fotoativação + sistema adesivo + resina composta Filtek^TM Z250. Após a restauração, os dentes permaneceram em água deionizada em estufa a 37 ºC por 24 horas. Em seguida, foram seccionados com disco de diamante em fatias de aproximadamente 0,8mm no sentido vestíbulo-lingual. Uma fatia de cada dente foi separada aleatoriamente para análise da presença de fendas na interface dentina/resina composta em microscopia confocal.

As demais fatias foram seccionadas para a confecção de palitos, para os testes de microtração. Os resultados de resistência de união foram submetidos à análise de variância a um critério ANOVA a 5% e teste de qui-quadrado para as variáveis de presença de fendas marginais e tipo de fratura resultante (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos (p=0,644) com relação à resistência adesiva e tipo de fratura, predominando a fratura do tipo adesiva para todos os grupos. Quanto à presença de fendas marginais internas, foi evidenciada sua presença nos grupos 2 e 3, sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos testados (p=0,082). Conclui-se, portanto, que a técnica de polimerização da base de cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina não influencia na resistência adesiva da interface dente/restauração de resina composta.

During the initial process of setting reaction, the resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) shows low modulus of elasticity, which is an important characteristic when RMGIC is used as a liner in resin composites restorations, because it decreases the polymerization shrinkage stress in cavity walls. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of polymerization techniques of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement used as a liner on the adhesive interface dentin/resin by microtensile test and confocal microscopic analysis. Standardized occlusal cavity preparations (5mm length x 3mm wide x 4.5mm depth) were prepared in 30 human extracted molars. For the analysis at the confocal microscope, the adhesive system Adper^TM Single Bond 2 was previously marked with rodhamine B (0.16mg/ml). The tooth were divided into three groups: Group 1 (control): RMGIC liner Vitrebond^TM + photoactivation for 30 seconds + adhesive system + resin composite Filtek ^TM Z250; Group 2: RMGICs liner Vitrebond^TM + adhesive system + simultaneous photoactivation of both materials + resin composite Filtek^TM Z250; Group 3: RMGICs liner Vitrebond^TM+ 60 seconds delay time + photoativation for 30 seconds + adhesive system + resin composite Filtek^TMZ250. Specimens were stored at 37ºC in deionized water for 24 hours. After this period, tooth was sectionated in 0.8mm slices (buco-lingual). One slice of each tooth was randomly selected for confocal microscopy for analysis of the interface resin/dentin. The other slices were sectionated in sticks (mesio-distal) for microtensile test. One-way ANOVA (p<0.05) showed no significant statistical difference among groups 1, 2 and 3 (p=0.644).

Quisquare test showed no significant statistical difference of type of fracture (adhesive fracture was predominant) and presence of gap at the interface dentin/resin among groups. (p=0.082). It can be concluded, that polymerization technique of resin-modified glassionomer cement (RMGIC) did not influence bond strength and dentin/resin composite interface.