ABSTRACT
The progress made in plant biotechnology has provided an opportunity to new food crops being developed having desirable traits for improving crop yield, reducing the use of agrochemicals and adding nutritional properties to staple crops. However, genetically modified (GM) crops have become a subject of intense debate in which opponents argue that GM crops represent a threat to individual freedom, the environment, public health and traditional economies. Despite the advances in food crop agriculture, the current world situation is still characterised by massive hunger and chronic malnutrition, representing a major public health problem. Biofortified GM crops have been considered an important and complementary strategy for delivering naturally-fortified staple foods to malnourished populations. Expert advice and public concern have led to designing strategies for assessing the potential risks involved in cultivating and consuming GM crops. The present critical review was aimed at expressing some conflicting points of view about the potential risks of GM crops for public health. It was concluded that GM food crops are no more risky than those genetically modified by conventional methods and that these GM crops might contribute towards reducing the amount of malnourished people around the world. However, all this needs to be complemented by effective political action aimed at increasing the income of people living below the poverty-line.
El progreso de la biotecnología de plantas ha hecho posible ofrecer una oportunidad para desarrollar nuevos cultivos alimenticios con características deseables para el mejoramiento de la producción, la reducción del uso de agroquímicos y la incorporación de propiedades nutricionales en cultivos básicos. No obstante, los cultivos GM se han convertido en un objeto de intenso debate, en el cual los opositores argumentan que los cultivos GM representan una amenaza para la libertad individual, el medio ambiente, la salud pública y las economías tradicionales. A pesar de los avances en la agricultura de los cultivos alimenticios, la situación actual a nivel mundial está caracterizada por una hambruna masiva y por una desnutrición crónica, lo cual constituye un importante problema de salud pública. Los cultivos GM biofortificados se han considerado como una estrategia importante y complementaria para suministrar alimentos básicos naturalmente fortificados a las poblaciones con desnutrición. Las recomendaciones de los expertos y las preocupaciones públicas han conducido al diseño de estrategias para la evaluación de los riesgos potenciales de la producción y el consumo de los cultivos GM. El objetivo de la presente revisión crítica es la exposición de algunos puntos de vista en conflicto sobre los riesgos potenciales de los cultivos GM para la salud pública. Se concluye que los cultivos alimenticios GM no son más riesgosos que aquellos modificados genéticamente con los métodos convencionales, y que estos cultivos GM podrían contribuir a la reducción de la población con desnutrición en el mundo, pero se necesita que esto sea complementado con acciones políticas efectivas dirigidas a incrementar los ingresos de la población que vive por debajo de la línea de pobreza.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to predict the probability of blood glucose control in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, exclusively treated with pharmacology therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: secondary analysis of a database to evaluate the therapeutic attachment in type-2 diabetics older than 60 years old. We interviewed 123 patients in their home to get information about sociodemographic aspects and diabetes characteristics. The blood glucose control was measured through glycated hemoglobin and the attachment to the pharmacological treatment was measured by the Morisky-Green test. The analysis included simple logistic regression; the calculation of probability of control for different levels of therapeutic attachment was estimated using the result of the regression equation (y) and applying the formula 1/1 + e(-y). RESULTS: Monotherapy was present in 82.1%, glibenclamide was prescribed alone in 77.2%, glycated hemoglobin average was 11.5 +/- 3.5 %, 18% of the population was controlled and 58.1% showed some attachment to the pharmacological treatment. With a total attachment to the pharmacological prescription, the control probability is 27%, and without it, it corresponds to 10%. CONCLUSION: Almost three out of ten patients with a total attachment to the pharmacological treatment have chances of being controlled.
