Case Report: Micafungin for treating Candida glabrata urinary infection: a clinical case in a premature neonate.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated with indwelling urinary catheterization (IUC) in premature newborns (PNBs) pose a significant challenge in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) due to the vulnerability of this population to infections and the necessity of invasive procedures. While bacterial UTIs have historically been predominant, there is a rising incidence of fungal pathogens, particularly non-albicans Candida strains like Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis, attributed to broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Diagnosis of fungal UTIs in a PNB relies on culturing Candida spp. from properly collected urine samples, particularly critical in very low birth weight (VLBW) PNBs because of the risk of invasive candidiasis and associated complications. We present a case of an extremely premature newborn (EPNB) successfully treated for a UTI caused by C. glabrata with micafungin. Our case exhibits micafungin as a potentially safe and effective alternative for treating C. glabrata UTIs in neonates.

Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of a peptide-based medicine: Teduglutide (Revestive®) structural description and stress testing.

Teduglutide (Revestive®) is a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue used for the treatment of short bowel syndrome, a rare life-threatening condition in which the amount of functional gut is too short to enable proper absorption of nutrients and fluids. During handling prior to administration to the patient in hospital, it is possible that peptide-based medicines may be exposed to environmental stress conditions that could affect their quality. It is therefore essential to carry out stress testing studies to evaluate how such medicines respond to these stresses. For this reason, in this paper we present a strategy for a comprehensive analytical characterization of a peptide and a stress testing study in which it was subjected to various stress conditions: heating at 40 °C and 60 °C, light exposure and shaking. Several complementary analytical techniques were used throughout this study: Far UV circular dichroism, intrinsic protein fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, size-exclusion chromatography and intact and peptide mapping reverse-phase chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to offer an in-depth description of the chemical structure of teduglutide peptide and its physicochemical characteristics after stress stimuli were applied to the reconstituted medicine Revestive®.

Method for identification and quantification of intact teduglutide peptide using (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/ORBITRAP)MS.

Teduglutide (Revestive®, 10 mg mL-1) is a recombinant human glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, used in the treatment of short bowel syndrome, a serious and highly disabling condition which results from either too small a length of intestine or loss of critical intestinal function. The determination of therapeutic compounds of protein-nature is always challenging due to their complex structure. In this work, we present a fast, straightforward reversed phase (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/ORBITRAP)MS method for the identification and quantification of the intact teduglutide peptide. The method has been developed and validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines; therefore, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy (precision and trueness), robustness, system suitability and specificity using the signal from the UV and MS, have been evaluated. The validation performance parameters obtained from the UV and MS signals were compared throughout the work, to select the most suitable. To study the specificity of the method and the impact of medicine mishandling under hospital conditions, force degradation studies were performed, i.e. thermal (40 °C and 60 °C), shaking (mechanical) and light (accelerated exposition) effects. Identification by the exact mass of teduglutide was achieved and it was confirmed that the peptide does not undergo any post-translational modifications (PTMs). To the best of our knowledge, the present work reports the first method developed for the simultaneous identification, structural characterization, and quantification of the therapeutic teduglutide peptide. Finally, the proposed method is able to indicate stability when quantifying the intact teduglutide since detects and characterises the exact mass of the degradation/modification products.

Tracking the physicochemical stability of teduglutide (Revestive®) clinical solutions over time in different storage containers.

Teduglutide, the active ingredient of the medicine Revestive® (5 mg), is a recombinant therapeutic peptide that mimics the effects of the endogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). It stimulates intestinal growth, adaptation and function in patients with Short Bowel Syndrome who are dependent on parenteral nutrition. The Summary of Product Characteristics recommends immediate use of the reconstituted solutions and the discarding of any subsequent surplus. This study aims to carry out a long-term stability study that reproduces hospital conditions of use which provide sound evidence regarding the use of teduglutide surplus beyond the Summary Product Characteristics recommendations. We conducted a stability study of teduglutide solutions prepared from a 5 mg vial of Revestive®. Some of the solutions were stored in their original vial after reconstitution, while others were repackaged in plastic syringes to evaluate their physicochemical stability over time. For this purpose, we applied a set of previously validated analytical methodologies to evaluate the main critical quality attributes of teduglutide, i.e., primary (including post-tralational modifications), secondary and tertiary structures, aggregates, particulate, concentration and pH. The results indicate that the solutions maintain high physicochemical stability over time, regardless of the storage temperature (4ºC or -20ºC) or the storage container (vials or syringes). This research provides new data on the stability of Revestive® that will be of great value to hospital pharmacists. This comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical long-term stability of TGT has demonstrated that under the storage conditions and over the period studied here, the medicine maintains its quality, efficacy and safety profiles.

Safety of tocilizumab in COVID-19 pregnant women and their newborn: A retrospective study.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor inhibitor agent which has been proposed as a candidate to stop the inflammatory phase of infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, safety data of tocilizumab in pregnant women and their newborn are scarce. We aimed to describe maternal and neonatal safety outcomes associated with tocilizumab treatment in pregnant women with severe COVID-19. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of severe COVID-19 pregnant women, treated with tocilizumab in two Spanish hospitals between 1 March and 31 April 2020. Demographics, medical history, clinical and radiologic findings, treatment information and laboratory data of mothers and their newborns were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 12 pregnant women were identified to have received tocilizumab during pregnancy in the two hospitals. Median gestational age at admission was 27.7 weeks (interquartile range, 18.0-36.4). Most of them received lopinavir/ritonavir, azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine, two patients received corticosteroids and one received interferon beta 1B. All 12 pregnancies resulted in live births. Somatometric values were normal for all newborns, and evolution at 14 and 28 days was favourable for all of them. Hepatotoxicity was observed in 2 patients, which improved or resolved at discharge. Cytomegalovirus reactivation was detected in another patient who had also received corticosteroids for 15 days, causing a congenital infection in her newborn. Both hepatotoxicity and viral reactivation adverse events were classified as possibly related to tocilizumab administration according to Naranjo's causality algorithm. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS: It does not appear that tocilizumab has detrimental effects for the mother and newborn. Close monitoring of infections should be considered, especially if other immunosuppressive agents are used.

61.º Congreso de la SEFH. Ciclodextrina intratecal en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Niemann Pick tipo C / No disponible

No disponible

Intrathecal cyclodextrin in the treatment of Niemann-Pick disease type C.

CASE: A child with Niemann-Pick disease type C was started on miglustat therapy at the age of 2 years. Intrathecal administration of hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin was added 5 months later. The initial dose of 175 mg was gradually increased over the first 6 months to reach 325 mg. The drug was administered every 15 days, and the patient received 43 doses. A slight delay in progression of the disease was seen during the first year of intrathecal hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin. However, additional symptoms have emerged since that time, suggesting a lack of effectiveness of the drug. Our patient has shown no drug-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin therapy is safe, but its efficacy seems questionable in a patient with the severe infantile form of Niemann-Pick disease type C.

Microbiological quality of pediatric oral liquid formulations.

The oral administration of drugs to the pediatric population involves the extemporaneous preparation of liquid formulations. These formulations have studies on their physicochemical stability, but they often lack microbiological studies. The objective of this study is to check the microbiological quality of five oral liquid formulations prepared with different excipients, which represent five major combinations, in two conditions: kept unopened until the day of the test, and in a multi-dose vial opened daily. The formulations were prepared according to standard operating procedures. Half of each batch was packaged in vials that remained closed until the day of testing, and the other half in a single container which was opened daily. Both the vials and the containers had been previously sterilized. Microbiological tests were performed weekly during the first month of the study, and then every two weeks, until the expiration date. The microbiological quality of oral liquid formulations is determined by the Royal Spanish Pharmacopoeia. The conclusion was that none of the formulations prepared that were packaged in sterilized containers became contaminated, either in unopened vials or in multi-dose containers when they were opened daily.

La administración oral de fármacos a la población pediátrica implica la preparación de fórmulas líquidas extemporáneas. Estas fórmulas tienen estudios de estabilidad fisicoquímica pero en muchas ocasiones carecen de estudios microbiológicos. El objetivo del estudio es comprobar la calidad microbiológica de cinco fórmulas orales líquidas, preparadas con diferentes excipientes, que representan mayoritariamente cinco combinaciones, en dos condiciones: conservadas sin abrir hasta el día del análisis y abriendo diariamente el envase multidosis. Se prepararon las fórmulas según los procedimientos normalizados de trabajo. La mitad del lote de cada fórmula se envasó en viales que estuvieron cerrados hasta el día del análisis y la otra mitad en un solo frasco que se abría diariamente. Tanto los viales como los frascos para el envasado estaban esterilizados previamente. El análisis microbiológico se realizó cada semana durante el primer mes de estudio y después cada dos semanas hasta llegar al periodo de caducidad. La calidad microbiológica de las fórmulas orales líquidas viene marcada por la Real Farmacopea Española. Se concluye que ninguna de las fórmulas elaboradas envasadas en contenedores esterilizados se contaminó ni en los viales cerrados ni en los frascos multidosis cuando se abrieron diariamente.