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1.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol ; 20(3): 237-43, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20635789

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Leukotrienes and isoprostanes are biomarkers of airway inflammation and oxidative stress that can be detected in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 8-isoprostane levels in EBC of healthy and asthmatic children with episodic and moderate persistent asthma. METHODS: EBC was collected from 62 children aged 6 to 14 years: 22 healthy children, 30 patients with episodic asthma, and 10 patients with moderate persistent asthma, without preventive treatment at the time of enrolment. RESULTS: LTB concentrations were higher in children with asthma than in healthy controls (50.7 pg/mL vs. 13.68 pg/mL, P < .011). The same was true for children with moderate persistent asthma compared to children with episodic asthma (146.9 pg/mL vs. 18.85 pg/mL, P < .0001), children with moderate persistent asthma compared to healthy controls (146.9 pg/mL vs. 13.68 pg/mL, P < .0001), and children with episodic asthma compared to healthy controls (P, nonsignificant). EBC concentrations of 8-isoprostane were higher in asthmatic than in healthy children (18.3 pg/mL vs. 6.59 pg/mL, P < .026). They were also increased in children with moderate persistent asthma compared to those with episodic asthma (36.25 pg/mL and 12.28 pg/mL, P < .012), and in children with moderate persistent asthma and episodic asthma compared to healthy controls (36.25 pg/mL vs. 6.59 pg/mL [P < .0001] and 12.28 pg/mL versus 6.59 pg/mL [P < .0001], respectively). CONCLUSION: LTB4 and 8-isoprostane concentrations were increased in asthmatic children compared to healthy individuals, with differences detected for 2 degrees of asthma severity. Our findings suggest that EBC is a noninvasive method for airway inflammation and oxidative stress assessment.


Subject(s)
Asthma/metabolism , Dinoprost/analogs & derivatives , Leukotriene B4/metabolism , Adolescent , Asthma/immunology , Breath Tests , Child , Dinoprost/immunology , Dinoprost/metabolism , Female , Humans , Leukotriene B4/immunology , Male , Nitric Oxide/immunology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/immunology , Respiratory Function Tests , Statistics, Nonparametric
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 66(6): 261-270, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68111

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cólico del lactante es un problema prevalente en el que se han ensayado a lo largo de la historia diversos tratamientos, ninguno de ellos definitivo. En los últimos años se han realizado nuevas propuestas terapéuticas, y han aparecido en el mercado las llamadas fórmulas anticólico (FAC), o confort. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión estructurada sobre el tratamiento nutricional del cólico del lactante, con el objetivo de integrar la información actual sobre este aspecto y establecer las pruebas existentes sobre la utilidad de distintas modalidades de tratamiento nutricional. Metodología: Se efectuó una revisión sistemática mediante búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica de los ensayos clínicos con diseño aleatorizado y controlado acerca del tratamiento nutricional del cólico del lactante. Se realizó un análisis de las modificaciones en la composición de las FAC en relación con la fórmula adaptada convencional, según los datos proporcionados por los fabricantes del producto. Resultados: Los 23 ensayos clínicos incluidos estudiaron seis modalidades de tratamiento nutricional: disminución de lactosa en la fórmula artificial, dieta hipoalergénica, adición de fibra, administración de soluciones azucaradas, probióticos y preparados fitoterápicos. Una proporción significativa de los trabajos analizados presenta problemas metodológicos, como un escaso número de pacientes, una alta tasa de pérdidas y sesgos de selección, que dificultan la extrapolación de sus resultados a la práctica clínica. De las distintas intervenciones nutricionales, la exclusión de proteínas de leche de vaca en lactantes con fórmula artificial, la administración de preparados fitoterápicos y la dieta hipoalergénica extensa en la madre del lactante han demostrado tener algún grado de eficacia. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para verificar la eficacia de otras modalidades de tratamiento nutricional (AU)


Introduction: Infant colic is a common problem for which there is still no definitive treatment, despite the many approaches that have been tested over the course of time. In recent years, a number of proposals have been made, and so-called anticolic or comfort milk formulas have appeared on the market. The aim of this report is to present a systematic review of the dietary treatment of infant colic in order to update the available information and to establish the utility of different forms of nutritional intervention. Methods: A systematic review of the electronic databases was conducted to search exclusively for studies classified as randomized, controlled clinical trials focusing on the dietary treatment of infant colic. The authors analyzed the modifications in the composition of the anticolic formulas, as compared to standard formula, according to the data provided by the manufacturers of the product. Results: Among the twenty-three clinical trials selected, six modalities of nutritional treatment were studied: reduction of lactose, low-allergen diet, fiber-enriched formula, sweetened solutions, probiotics and phytotherapeutic agents. Methodological problems, such as small sample size, high dropout rate and selection bias, were observed in a considerable number of the analyzed trials, making it difficult to extrapolate the results to clinical practice. Removing cow’s milk from the diet of bottle- fed infants and administration of phytotherapeutic agents and a low-allergen diet to the mothers of breast-fed infants have been found to have a certain degree of efficacy. Additional studies are needed to verify the utility of other modalities of dietary treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Colic/diet therapy , Colic/epidemiology , 52503/physiology , Diet Therapy/methods , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy/methods , Soybean Proteins/therapeutic use , Dietary Fiber , Milk Substitutes/methods , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Nutrition Assessment , Lactase/physiology
3.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 66(6): 292-296, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68116

ABSTRACT

La hipotonía neonatal constituye un reto diagnóstico, debido a la gran variedad de etiologías y de exploraciones complementarias necesarias para llegar a su diagnóstico. Clínicamente, se pueden agrupar en hipotonías paralíticas y no paralíticas; entre estas últimas encontramos el grupo de las miopatías congénitas, al que pertenece la miopatía nemalínica (MN).La MN es una enfermedad congénita no progresiva de la musculatura esquelética caracterizada por la presencia de bastoncillos o cuerpos nemalínicos en las fibras musculares. Presentamos el caso clínico de un recién nacido prematuro con sospecha de enfermedad neuromuscular, en el que se iniciaron estudios para un diagnóstico etiológico, que fueron normales. La biopsia muscular mostró los cuerpos nemalínicos característicos de la MN. La evolución clínica no fue satisfactoria; se realizó una traqueotomía a los 3 meses de vida y en la actualidad, a los 11 meses de vida, precisa ventilación domiciliaria con presión positiva continua en la vía respiratoria. El diagnóstico de MN requiere un alto índice de sospecha y la biopsia muscular como confirmación. En la actualidad no puede ofrecerse consejo genético en los casos esporádicos (AU)


Neonatal hypotonia constitutes a diagnostic challenge due to the wide variety of etiologies and the broad array of supplementary tests necessary to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Clinically, we can differentiate between paralyzing and non paralyzinghypotonia. Congenital myopathies, including nemaline myopathy, belong to the latter group. Nemaline myopathy is a non progressive congenital disorder of skeletal muscle, characterized by the presence of rod-like structures, or nemaline bodies, in muscle fibers. We report the case of a premature infant who was assessed on the suspicion of neuromuscular disease. The results of the initial diagnostic studies were normal, but muscle biopsy eventually revealed the rod-like structures characteristic of nemaline myopathy. The clinical course was unsatisfactory and, after undergoing tracheotomy at the age of three months, at the time of writing, he was ten months old and required home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation. The diagnosis of nemaline myopathy requires a high index of suspicion and the performance of a muscle biopsy. At the present time, genetic counseling cannot be provided in sporadic cases (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Myopathies, Nemaline/complications , Myopathies, Nemaline/diagnosis , Muscle Hypotonia/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Arthrogryposis/complications , Muscular Dystrophies/complications , Myotonic Dystrophy/complications
4.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 66(4): 165-170, abr. 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68093

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cólico del lactante es un problema prevalente en el que se han ensayado a lo largo de la historia diversos tratamientos, ninguno de ellos definitivo. En los últimos años se han realizado nuevas propuestas terapéuticas, y han aparecido en el mercado las llamadas fórmulas anticólico o confort (FAC). En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión estructurada sobre el tratamiento nutricional del cólico del lactante, con el objetivo de integrar la información actual sobre este aspecto y establecer las pruebas existentes sobre la utilidad de distintas modalidades de tratamiento nutricional. Metodología: Revisión sistemática mediante búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica de los ensayos clínicos con diseño aleatorizado y controlado acerca del tratamiento nutricional del cólico del lactante. Análisis de las modificaciones en la composición de las FAC en relación con la fórmula adaptada convencional según los datos proporcionados por los fabricantes del producto. Resultados: Los 23 ensayos clínicos incluidos estudiaron 6modalidades de tratamiento nutricional: disminución de lactosa en la fórmula artificial, dieta hipoalergénica, adición de fibra, administración de soluciones azucaradas, probióticos y preparados fitoterápicos. Una proporción significativa de los trabajos analizados presenta problemas metodológicos, como escaso número de pacientes, alta tasa de pérdidas y sesgos de selección, que dificultan la extrapolación de sus resultados a la práctica clínica. De las distintas intervenciones nutricionales, la exclusión de proteínas de leche de vaca en lactantes con fórmula artificial, la administración de preparados fitoterápicos y la dieta hipoalergénica extensa en la madre del lactante han demostrado tener algún grado de eficacia. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para verificar la eficacia de otras modalidades de tratamiento nutricional(AU)


Introduction: Infant colic is a common problem. Although several treatments have been tested over the years, none have proved to be definitive. A number of novel therapeutic strategies have been proposed in recent years, and anticolic or comfort formulas have appeared in the market. The present report is a systematic review of the dietary treatment of infant colic to provide an update of the available information and to establish the utility of different forms of dietary treatment. Methods: We conducted a systematic review based on electronic databases that entailed searching exclusively for studies classified as randomized, controlled trials involving dietary treatment of infant colic. We analyzed the modifications in the composition of the anticolic formulas, as compared to a standard formula, according to the data provided by the manufacturers of the product. Results: Of the twenty-three clinical trials selected, six modalities of dietary treatment were studied: reduction of lactose, low-allergen diet, fiber-enriched formula, sweetened solutions, probiotics and phytotherapeutic agents. Methodological problems, such as small sample size, high dropout rate and selection bias, were found in a substantial number of the trials analyzed.The elimination of cow’s milk from the diet of bottle-fed infants, administration of phytotherapeutic agents and a low allergen diet in the mother of the breast-fed infant have been found to demonstrate a certain degree of efficacy. Additional studies are needed to verify the utility of other modalities of dietary treatment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Colic/diet therapy , Colic/etiology , Food and Nutritional Surveillance/methods , Nutrition Assessment , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diet therapy , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Food, Formulated , Infant Formula/methods
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