La docencia del área de Toxicología de la Universidad de La Laguna / The teaching of Toxicology at the University of La Laguna

La docencia de Toxicología en la Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) se integra en diversas Licenciaturas y Grados tales como Farmacia, Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CTA), Medicina, Náutica y Transporte Marítimo y el Máster Oficial de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos. En la Licenciatura de Farmacia en la ULL, el Área de Toxicología imparte la asignatura troncal Toxicología de 7 créditos y dos asignaturas optativas, Drogodependencias y Toxicología Clínica y Laboral, de 4,5 créditos cada una. En el Grado en Farmacia, se imparte la asignatura obligatoria de Toxicología (9 ECTS) y la asignatura optativa de Drogodependencias (6 ECTS). Asimismo, se imparte un total de 11 créditos en la Licenciatura de CTA quedando ésta extinguida en el curso académico 2013/2014. En la Licenciatura de Medicina, se imparte docencia de Toxicología en las asignaturas de Medicina Legal y Toxicología (asignado 1 crédito) y Toxicología clínica (4,5 créditos) mientras que en el Grado de Medicina se integra en las asignaturas Farmacología, anestesia y tratamiento del dolor (9 ECTS) y Aspectos éticos, aspectos legales y aspectos humanísticos de la Medicina (6 ECTS). En ellas, la Toxicología tiene asignado 1 y 0,5 ECTS, respectivamente. La Licenciatura de Náutica y Transporte Marítimo, la docencia de Toxicología se engloba en una asignatura obligatoria mientras que en el Grado en Ingeniería Radioelectrónica se incluye en una asignatura optativa (3 ECTS). En la docencia de Postgrado, la Toxicología se imparte en el Máster Oficial en Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos desde dos módulos con 6 ECTS cada uno de ellos (AU)

The Toxicology Department at the University of La Laguna (ULL) offers courses included in the curricula of several degrees such as Pharmacy, Food Science and Technology, Medicine, Marine and Maritime Transport, and Food Safety and Quality Master program. In the Bachelor of Pharmacy at ULL that will end in 2014/2015, the Toxicology Department offers the mandatory subject "Toxicology", with 7 credits, as well as two optional subjects ("Clinical and Professional Toxicology", and "Drug Addiction"), with 4.5 credits each. In the Degree in Pharmacy, the "Toxicology" course is a compulsory subject worth 9 credits in the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) and the optional "Drug Addiction" subject remains, and will be worth 6 ECTS. The Toxicology Department also gives a total of 11 credits in the Food Science and Technology Bachelor that will end in the academic course 2013/2014. In the Bachelor of Medicine, Toxicology is taught in two courses: "Pharmacology, anesthesia and pain management" (9 ECTS, of which 1 ECTS is for toxicology) and "Ethical, legal and humanistic aspects of medicine" (6 ECTS, of which 0.5 ECTS is for toxicology). In the Bachelor of Nautical and Maritime Transport, Toxicology is included in a mandatory subject while in the Bachelor of Radio Electronics Engineering, Toxicology is an optional subject (3 ECTS). As for postgraduate teaching, Toxicology is taught in the Master program in Food Safety and Quality, in two modules of 6 ECTS each (AU)

[Implementation and evaluation of critical hazards and check points analysis (CHCPA) in gofio-producing industries from Tenerife]. / Implantación y evaluación del análisis de peligros y puntos de control críticos (APPCC) en las industrias tinerfeñas productoras de Gofio.

OBJECTIVE: To satisfactorily implement the critical hazards and check points analysis. SETTING: Tenerife Island Subjects: 15 industries INTERVENTION: visits to gofio-manufacturing industries were done with the aim of giving advice to employers and workers, and thereafter, the intervention was assessed verifying the hygiene and sanitary conditions of the industry and the correct application of the established auto-control system. RESULTS: After the advising intervention, we observed that certain parameters taken into account from the hygiene and sanitary perspective have been corrected, such as modifying the facilities to adapt them to in force regulations, or asking the suppliers to certify raw materials. With regards to food production process, the intervention was effective in such a way that more than have of the industries reduced the time of those phases with higher contamination susceptibility and to carry out the control registries that were established. CONCLUSIONS: All industries implemented the auto-control system by means of registration charts of each one of the elaboration phases. 86% of the industries have introduced more hygienic materials. 60% implemented a reduction in intermediate times of production phases. 26% perfmored some obsolete machinery replacement modernaizing the facilities.

Nitrate intake from drinking water on Tenerife island (Spain).

Although meat and vegetable products contain higher concentrations of nitrate, drinking water is the fastest and most direct form of nitrate consumption by the population. It becomes contaminated with nitrates when sea water infiltrates fresh water aquifers and when rain and irrigation water wash through soils that have been excessively treated with nitrated fertilizers. Nitrates are of great toxicological interest as they are involved in the origin of nitrites and nitrosamines and the development of metahaemoglobinaemia in infants. The objective of this study was to determine the quantities of NO(3)(-) in the water supply of each of the Island's municipalities and in the leading brands of bottled waters consumed by the population of Tenerife. This parameter is necessary for the determination of Acceptable Daily Intake (A.D.I.) of nitrates from drinking water. With one unremarkable exception, the nitrate levels found in the water analyzed were optimum for human consumption and amply complied with current European Legislation.