[Socioeconomic strata as a predictor factor for constant condom use among adolescents]. / El estrato socioeconómico como factor predictor del uso constante de condón en adolescentes.

INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic level plays an important role in health inequalities. In Mexico, the highest prevalence of AIDS cases is among individuals of lower socioeconomic level. The purpose of the study was to describe the socioeconomic level (adjusted for psychosocial, situational and demographic variables) as a predictor factor for the consistent condom use among adolescents of Guadalajara, Mexico. METHODS: A sample of 1,410 adolescents, aged 15 to 19 years, drawn from a previous survey stratified by age, gender and socioeconomic strata was included in the study. Analysis was performed in 251 adolescents who reported sexual activity. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. RESULTS: The frequency of consistent condom use was 30.7% and there was a prevalence of irregular use. The highest social level was the main predictor (OR= 11.1, CI 95%=2.6-47.6). Others significant predictors were male gender, peer support and better knowledge about HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic level is an important predictor factor for consistent condom use.

[Sources of information and their relationship to the degree of knowledge about AIDS in Mexican adolescents]. / Fuentes de información y su relación con el grado de conocimientos sobre el SIDA en adolescentes de México.

INTRODUCTION: In Mexico 2.1% of the cases of AIDS are in adolescents. The cases of AIDS in the age group of 20 to 29 account for 30.5% of all the cases and an important proportion could have been infected with HIV in their adolescence, in view of the length of the incubation period from the infection with HIV to the manifestation of the syndrome. The adolescent's knowledge of HIV/AIDS varies. In some urban contexts the adolescents have lay concepts and myths that could guide them into misting practices that could lead to contamination by HIV. The mass media, especially television, and interpersonal sources such as teachers, parents and peers are important sources of information about HIV/AIDS and have a central role in the social construction and public perception of the problem in adolescents. The objective of the study is to relate the degree of knowledge of HIV/AIDS to the exposure to information sources among adolescents in Guadalajara city, in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Survey sample with autoapplied questionnaire. Sample of 1,410 adolescents, male and female, of 15 to 19 years of age, in the four socioeconomic strata. The Chi-square and BTukey tests, 95% confidence interval for proportions and means, and simple ANOVA factor were applied. RESULTS: A considerate degree of knowledge (mean of 13.94 correct answer out of 24, standard deviation = 4.09, 95% CI = 13.69-14.11) was found significant mean differences in favor of the high (15.70) and medium (14.26) strata as opposed to the low (13.51) and marginalized (12.85) (F = 19.39, p < .0001, BTukey level .050). The information published by the newspapers (F = 11.1; p < .001) and the teachers (F = 3.72; p < .05) had a direct relationship to the degree of knowledge imported by the daily exposure to the television and other social demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results describe the presence of inequalities by socioeconomic strata in the list of sources in information and the levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. It is necessary to strengthen and develop educational action and the publication of messages through the media, institutions and interpersonal networks, with emphasis on interpersonal and media sources available to the low and marginalized strata, and at the same time, to strengthen the action of sources of information available to the other socioeconomic strata.

PIP: 1410 adolescents aged 15-19 years, of both sexes and of varying socioeconomic strata in Guadalajara, completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires concerning their sources of information and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The objective was to determine the relation between sources of information and degree of knowledge to guide future information campaigns. 95% of the adolescents knew about AIDS. 79% received information from television, 39% from radio, 26% from magazines, and 16% from newspapers. The media identified as the most important sources of information on AIDS were television (60%), and newspapers and magazines (25% each). Except for television, access to the mass media was greater in the high and medium socioeconomic strata. Interpersonal sources of information on HIV/AIDS included teachers for 39%, family members for 38%, friends for 32%, and physicians for 26%. Access to information through interpersonal means was always higher in higher strata. The adolescents had a fair degree of knowledge of AIDS, averaging 13.9 correct answers out of 24 questions. The average numbers correct were 15.7 in the high, 14.3 in the medium, 13.5 in the low, and 12.9 in the marginal strata. Analysis of variance demonstrated that newspapers were the only mass source of information presenting direct positive relation with level of knowledge. Among interpersonal relations, information from teachers had the greatest positive association with level of knowledge.

[Sexual subcultures and degree of risk for acquiring HIV in adolescents in a marginal neighborhood]. / Subculturas sexuales y grado de riesgo de adquisición del VIH en adolescentes de un barrio marginado.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sexual subcultures and the risk of acquiring HIV among adolescents in Guadalajara, Jalisco MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study took place during August 1994. A cross-sectional study design was used; data collection was done using pile sorts of 20 males and 20 females aged between 15 and 19 years. Data analysis was done by means of hierarchical clustering, multidimensional scaling, cultural consensus and correspondence techniques. RESULTS: Males: this cluster presented a sexual subculture pattern of free expression associated to high risk behaviors. Females: this cluster showed a sexual subculture pattern of celibacy, associated to low risk. Correspondence analysis: a correlation was found among adolescents between their sexual subcultures and risk of acquiring HIV. CONCLUSIONS: Among males, the free expression sexual subculture included high risk sexual behavior for acquiring HIV. Among females, the celibacy sexual subculture included low risk sexual behavior. Nevertheless, both males and females presented high risk sexual behaviors, since they engage in unprotected sexual practices.